cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Dini Widiarni Widodo
Contact Email
journalorli@gmail.com
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
journalorli@gmail.com
Editorial Address
-
Location
Unknown,
Unknown
INDONESIA
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Telinga Hidung dan Tenggorok Bedah Kepala Leher Indonesia
ISSN : 02163667     EISSN : 25983970     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal Othorhinolaryngologica Indonesiana is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery that publishes research reports, case reports, and literature reviews, to increase knowledge and updating diagnostics procedurs on otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 493 Documents
 43   44   45   46   47 
Abses Peritonsil Berulang pada Pasien Perokok Aktif Khoirriyani, Dwi; Benediktus, Adrian
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v55i1.710

Abstract

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is one of the most common conditions seen in healthcare settings. Serious complications such as airway obstruction may occur if peritonsillar abscess is not treated properly. There are several risk factors that contribute to the development of a peritonsillar abscess, one of which is smoking. Purpose: To analyze the association between the incidence of recurrent peritonsillar abscess in patients who were active smokers. Clinical question: How is recurrent peritonsillar abscess associated with active smoking? Case report: A case of a 43-year-old male patient with recurrent peritonsillar abscess and a history of active smoking, who was treated with drainage incision and was given antibiotics. Method: Evidence-based literature searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using ”peritonsillar abscess” AND ”smoker”. Result: Anatomical changes in the oral cavity and immunologic disorders in active smokers, both systemic and local, predisposed this population to higher risk factors for recurrent peritonsillar abscesses. Conclusion: Peritonsillar abscess could cause serious complications if not diagnosed and treated early. Smoking cessation might prevent recurrence of peritonsillar abscess.
Karakteristik Tes Sakarin pada Rhinosinusitis Kronik di RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang January – December 2023 Maharani, Iriana; Tallane, Sarah Tamania
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v55i1.721

Abstract

Background: The mucociliary system is the main defense mechanism in the respiratory tract as a protector from various particles, including bacteria. The mucociliary system will cause germs that enter to be expelled by coughing or swallowing. This system is greatly affected by many factors, such as respiratory tract infections, inflammation (rhinosinusitis), smoking habits, and pollutants. If the mucociliary system is not in good condition, the clearance time will be prolonged. Evaluation method to determine the function of the mucociliary system is the saccharin test, which is non-invasive, easily reproducible, low cost, and does not require special expertise to perform. Purpose: To know the timing of the saccharin test in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patient. Method: Observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design to find the timing of the saccharin test in CRS at ENT Department Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital from January-December 2023. Result: The most common finding was normal saccharin time in 46 patients (90%), and prolonged saccharin time in 5 patients (12%). The average saccharin time in chronic rhinosinusitis patients is 7.5±5.9. Most of patients were chronic rhinosinusitis without polyp (81%) with average saccharin test were 7.1±5.87, and majority were both non polyp and non-allergic rhinitis (43%) with average 8.2±6.1. Conclusion: Saccharin test could be abnormal in chronic rhinosinusitis, but overall patients with chronic rhinosinusitis had a normal average saccharin time, on both polyp and non-polyp rhinosinusitis. The results also showed that the saccharin test time was longer in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps.
Salivary pepsin detection for laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnosis: sensitivity and specificity comparison with scoring system: Salivary pepsin detection for LPR diagnosis Kandhi, Putu Wijaya; Manurung, Rosauli; Wicaksono, Pandu
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v55i1.722

Abstract

Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is characterized by the backflow of stomach contents into the larynx and pharynx. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a similar condition often mistaken for LPR. Detection of oral salivary pepsin has been developed as an alternative diagnostic modality for LPR. Additionally, there are diagnostic aids for LPR utilizing scoring systems, namely Reflux Symptoms Score (RSS) and Reflux Sign Assessment (RSA). Purpose: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of saliva pepsin testing compared to RSS and RSA in diagnosing LPR. Method: A prospective cross-sectional study involving 30 subjects with LPR symptoms was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of saliva pepsin levels compared to RSS and RSA scores in LPR patients. Diagnostic tests performed included sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV). Result: The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.3. Saliva pepsin testing with a cutoff value of ≥16 ng/mL, demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 95.24%, and NPV of 100% against the RSS questionnaire. Meanwhile, when assessed against the RSA questionnaire, saliva pepsin testing showed a sensitivity of 95.24%, specificity of 88.89%, PPV of 95.24%, and NPV of 88.89%. The results indicated that saliva pepsin testing had good sensitivity and specificity, with values of 100% and 90%, respectively, against the RSS questionnaire; and 95.24% and 88.98%, respectively, against the RSA questionnaire. Conculsion: Saliva pepsin testing could be used as a primary diagnostic modality in the future due to its non-invasive nature, ease of administration, and good patient tolerance.
Penatalaksanaan ankyloglossia pada anak Supit, Ivana; Widodo, Dini Widiarni
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v55i1.723

Abstract

Background: Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, is a congenital oral anomaly characterized by an abnormally short, thick, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts tongue mobility. While mild cases may be asymptomatic, moderate to severe cases can impair essential functions such as breastfeeding, swallowing, mastication, speech articulation, and oral hygiene. In children, untreated ankyloglossia may also affect psychosocial development, including self-esteem and interpersonal communication. Purpose: To provide a comprehensive overview of ankyloglossia, emphasizing its anatomical and clinical aspects, classification systems, diagnostic tools, and current treatment options. Literature review: A narrative review was conducted using relevant literature from peer-reviewed journals and academic textbooks. The review covers various classification systems such as the Coryllos and Kotlow classifications, which assist clinicians in assessing severity, and determining management. Clinical manifestations vary with age and may include breastfeeding difficulties in infants, speech disturbances in children, and social or functional challenges in adults. Diagnostic approaches rely on clinical examination and standardized assessment tools like the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (HATLFF). Management approaches include conservative methods or surgical intervention, with options such as frenotomy, frenectomy, or frenuloplasty, depending on the patient’s age and symptom severity. Conclusion: Ankyloglossia can significantly affect oral function and quality of life. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are essential for preventing long-term complications. Standardized diagnostic criteria and evidence-based treatment guidelines are needed to optimize care and ensure consistent clinical outcomes.
Correlation of changes in mean platelet volume with clinical stage of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma Raditya, I Gede Wahyu Adi; Suanda, I Ketut; Asthuta, Agus Rudi; Filbertine, Jessica
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v55i1.725

Abstract

Background: The mean platelet volume (MPV) is known to serve as a platelet activation assessment system for cancer prognosis evaluation. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been studied. Purpose: To determine the correlation between MPV changes and stage progression, in undifferentiated-type NPC. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Ear, Nose, Throat-Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS) clinic of Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, from May to June 2020. Patients with undifferentiated-type NPC meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The mean MPV values were determined by calculating the difference in MPV from complete blood count tests after six chemotherapy sessions, compared to before chemotherapy. Changes in NPC staging were assessed using TNM classification pre- and post-chemotherapy. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between MPV changes and clinical stage changes, considering the confounding factors. Result: A total of 30 subjects were participated in this study, with mean age of 50.70±12.55 years. A significant correlation was observed between MPV changes and changes in clinical stages T (p=0.021, r=0.419), N (p=0.025, r=0.408), and M (p=0.048, r=0.364). Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between MPV changes and clinical stage T (p<0.001, r=0.268), clinical stage N (p=0.042, r=0.039), and clinical stage M (p=0.003, r=0.059) after adjusting for age and sex as confounding factors. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between changes in MPV and clinical stage progression (T, N, M), in patients with undifferentiated-type nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Endoscopy-assisted extraction of penetrating a wayer arrow in the ethmoid sinus Nayoan, Christin Rony; Lopo, Christian; Lopo, Wigia Hanalia; Rahma, Rahma; White, IPFI
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v55i1.748

Abstract

Background: Using wayer arrows in attack activities carried out by a person, or a group of people is rife in Palu. Arrow injuries are classified as low velocity, but can be significantly life-threatening when the vital organs are affected. Endoscope-assisted surgery is one of the techniques of penetrating sinus injury management. Purpose: To describe the management of a unique case in otorhinolaryngology field. Case report: A 21-years old male patient was diagnosed with penetrating ethmoid sinus trauma caused by a wayer arrow. Extraction was performed to release the arrow using an endoscope. Clinical question: What kind of foreign bodies can penetrate into the paranasal sinuses? Is endoscope-based surgery approach, the correct technique for penetrating sinus injury management? Method: A literature search was performed on Pubmed and Google scholar using keywords “foreign body”, AND “sinus surgery”, AND “wayer arrow”. Result: The search obtained 19 articles, including 4 reports of wayer arrow penetrating paranasal sinus. Conclusion: The use of endoscopy for ethmoid sinus penetrating trauma gives good results.
Correlation of LMP-1 expression with KRAS and Cyclin-D1 expressions in WHO type III NPC patients Neri, Rizki Amelia Yurika; Hadi, Soehartono; Surjotomo, Hendradi
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 1 (2024): VOLUME 54, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2024
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v54i1.493

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with pathologically andepidemiologically unique characteristics. The risk factors that are often associated with NPC are chronicEBV infection, environmental factors, and epigenetic changes. EBV infection expresses Latent MembraneProtein-1 (LMP-1) in NPC. The role of LMP-1 is to activate signaling pathways, including KRAS-RAFMEK-ERK which induces transcription of cyclin D1 that contributes to cell proliferation. Purpose: Todetermine the correlation between LMP-1 expression and KRAS expression, LMP-1 expression with cyclinD1 expression, and KRAS expression with cyclin D1 expression in nasopharyngeal tissue of WHO typeIII NPC patients. Method: Analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach involving 30paraffin blocks of biopsy tissue from NPC patients who had not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Expression of LMP-1, KRAS, and cyclin D1 was examined with immunohistochemical staining methodand calculated using manual counting by anatomical pathologists. Result: Statistical analysis of LMP-1expression with KRAS expression showed an insignificant positive correlation (p=0.546) with a correlationcoefficient (ρ=0.115). The LMP-1 expression with cyclin D1 expression showed an insignificant positivecorrelation (p=0.305) with a correlation coefficient (ρ=0.194). The KRAS expression with cyclin D1expression showed an insignificant positive correlation (p=0.262) with a correlation coefficient (ρ=0.212). Conclusion: In WHO type III NPC tissue in the proliferative process, an increase in LMP-1 expression(53.4%±27.35%,) was followed by an increase in KARS expression (49.83%±22.83%) and D1 expression(42.27%±31.94%) as well as an increase in KRAS expression (42.27%±31.94%) followed by an increasein cyclin D1 expression (42.27%±31.94%) although not significant.
Correlation of LMP-1 expression with KRAS and IL-8 expression in NPC WHO type III Soehartono, Soehartono; Marini, Marini; Surjotomo, Hendradi; Fadli, Muhammad Luqman; Setijowati, Nanik
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 2 (2024): VOLUME 54, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v54i2.530

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma originating from mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx with complex disease progression. About 95% are caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection which is characterized by the detection of viral gene product protein of Latent Membrane Protein-1 (LMP-1). Tumor growth and metastasis depend on the mechanism of angiogenesis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent angiogenic factor and involved in the angiogenesis mechanism. Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) is one of the proto-oncogenes that has an increased expression of more than 60% in NPC. The KRAS activation played a role in the modulation of IL-8 expression by triggering several important signaling pathways, which triggered neovascularization in the process of angiogenesis. Purpose: To determine the correlation between expression of LMP-1 with KRAS and IL-8, in mechanism of angiogenesis in NPC WHO type III. Method: Analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach involving 30 paraffin blocks of biopsy tissue from NPC patients who had not received radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Expressions of LMP-1, KRAS, and IL-8 were examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining method, and calculated using manual counting by Anatomic Pathologists. Result: Statistical analysis of LMP-1 expression with KRAS showed an insignificant positive correlation (p=0.546), with a correlation coefficient (ρ=0.115). The KRAS expression with IL-8 showed an insignificant positive correlation (p=0.851), with a correlation coefficient (ρ=0.036). The LMP-1 expression with IL-8 showed a significant positive correlation (p=0.042), with a correlation coefficient (ρ=0.321). Conclusion: The increase in the expression of LMP-1 was followed with the increase in the IL-8 expression. Keywords: NPC, LMP-1, KRAS, IL-8, angiogenesis   ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) adalah karsinoma sel skuamosa yang berasal dari epitel mukosa nasofaring. Perkembangannya melibatkan hubungan yang kompleks. Sekitar 95% disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Epstein-Barr (VEB) yang ditandai dengan terdeteksinya protein produk gen virus, salah satunya yaitu Latent Membrane Protein-1 (LMP-1). Pertumbuhan dan metastasis tumor tergantung pada mekanisme angiogenesis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) adalah faktor angiogenik yang kuat, dan terlibat dalam mekanisme angiogenesis. Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) merupakan salah satu proto- onkogen yang mengalami peningkatan ekspresi lebih dari 60% pada KNF. Aktivasi KRAS memainkan peran dalam modulasi ekspresi IL-8 dengan memicu beberapa jalur sinyal penting, dan hal ini dapat memicu neovaskularisasi pada proses angiogenesis. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara ekspresi LMP-1 dengan ekspresi KRAS dan IL-8 dalam mekanisme angiogenesis KNF WHO tipe III. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang melibatkan 30 blok parafin jaringan biopsi penderita KNF yang belum mendapat pengobatan radioterapi maupun kemoterapi. Pemeriksaan ekspresi LMP-1, KRAS, dan IL-8 menggunakan pewarnaan imunohistokimia, dan hasilnya dihitung secara manual oleh ahli Patologi Anatomi. Hasil: Analisis statistik ekspresi LMP-1 dengan KRAS menunjukkan korelasi positif yang tidak signifikan (p =0,546), dengan koefisien korelasi ρ=0,115. Ekspresi KRAS dengan IL-8 menunjukkan korelasi positif yang tidak signifikan (p=0,851), dengan koefisien korelasi ρ=0,036. Ekspresi LMP-1 dengan IL-8 menunjukkan korelasi positif yang signifikan (p=0,042), dengan koefisien korelasi ρ=0,321. Kesimpulan: Semakin tinggi ekspresi LMP-1, maka diikuti oleh tingginya ekspresi IL-8. Kata kunci: KNF, LMP-1, KRAS, IL-8, angiogenesis
Effects of topical hyaluronic acid on nasal mucosa wound healing Sabig, Lidya; Dewi, Anna Mailasari Kusuma; Hariyati, Riece; Karlowee, Vega; Septarina, Faiza Rizky Aryani
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 54 No. 2 (2024): VOLUME 54, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v54i2.544

Abstract

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinuses mucosa that takes place for more than 3 months. The treatment paradigm nowadays depends on Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) in the hope to repair the damaged mucosa, restoring it to its physiological condition. Hyaluronic Acid (HA) could restore the natural barrier of the mucosa and stop the inflammatory cascade. Purpose: To understand the difference in the number of inflammatory cells in the post-FESS nasal mucosa in CRS patients that had been treated with HA. Method: This was pre and post-test, double-blinded, randomized control group study design of 22 CRS patients (range 18 to 55 years) in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang from May to August 2019. All subjects had undergone biopsies of the inferior turbinate at the time of surgery and 4 weeks after surgery. The number of pre and post-test neutrophil, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were compared between control and treatment groups. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil-to- lymphocyte ratio (ELR) levels were also compared between the two groups. Data analysis was done using the Wilcoxon test. Result: When the pre and post-test treatment group and the control group were compared, no statistically significant difference was found between two groups except for ELR in the treatment group (p=0.028). Conclusion: ELR was decreased significantly in the treatment group. NLR level was also decreased but not significant. This study had shown that topical HA could positively modulate the inflammatory response. Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis, FESS, histopathology, neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Rinosinusitis kronis (RSK) merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronik pada mukosa hidung dan sinus paranasal yang berlangsung lebih dari 12 minggu. Bedah Sinus Endoskopi Fungsional (BSEF) pada RSK bertujuan untuk memperbaiki mukosa yang rusak dan mengembalikannya ke kondisi fisiologis. Asam hyaluronat (AH) dapat mengembalikan penghalang alami mukosa dan menghentikan proses inflamasi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah sel inflamasi pada mukosa hidung pasca BSEF pada pasien RSK yang diberikan terapi tambahan AH. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre dan post-test, tersamar ganda, desain penelitian kelompok kontrol acak terhadap 22 pasien RSK (berusia 18 hingga 55 tahun) di RS Dr. Kariadi, Semarang dari bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2019. Semua subjek dilakukan biopsi konka inferior pada saat operasi dan 4 minggu setelah operasi. Jumlah neutrofil, eosinofil, dan limfosit sebelum dan sesudah terapi dibandingkan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit (NLR) dan rasio eosinofil terhadap limfosit (ELR) juga dibandingkan antara kedua kelompok. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Hasil perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol sebelum dan sesudah terapi, menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kedua kelompok kecuali ELR pada kelompok perlakuan (p=0,028). Kesimpulan: ELR menurun secara signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan. Tingkat NLR juga menurun tetapi tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa AH topikal dapat secara positif memodulasi respon inflamasi. Kata kunci: rinosinusitis kronis, BSEF, histopatologi, neutrofil, eosinofil, limfosit
Gambaran Kualitas Hidup dan Penggunaan Alat Bantu Dengar Anak Tuna Rungu SLBN II Banjarmasin Kurniadi, Melody Audria
Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana Vol. 53 No. 2 (2023): VOLUME 53, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : PERHATI-KL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32637/orli.v53i2.557

Abstract

Background: Hearing loss affects a person’s ability to communicate actively. In addition to socialbarriers, non-interactive communication can affect a person’s emotional state. Early intervention at achild’s age is very important to note. Purpose: To provide an overview of the quality of life (QoL) of deafchildren socially and emotionally, and to assess the use of hearing aids (HA) in their daily lives. Method:Conducted using a cross-sectional method on 37 students aged 11-18 years, at the Government SpecialSchool II Banjarmasin. The research media used was a Strength and Difficulties questionnaire. The datawas then processed using SPSS. Subjects were 19 male and 18 female, with the highest number being 13years of age. Only 1 participant had anatomical abnormalities in the ear canal. All students had hearingloss and did not know the cause of hearing loss. Result: As many as 50% of participants experiencedabnormalities in behaviour, 40% were borderline, and only 10% were normal. The relationship problemsin peer groups sub-scale experienced the most disruption. Almost all participants (97%) of the study didnot use their HA due to damaged (13%), or being left at home (65%). Conclusion: All children usedsign language as a way of communication, and never had speech therapy. Almost all deaf children hadbehavioural disorders. Most participants (97%) did not wear their HA. This was one of the factors thatcaused the quality of life of children with hearing impairment to decline.Keywords: hearing loss, deaf, child, behavioural disorder, hearing aid, quality of life

Page 45 of 50 | Total Record : 493

 43   44   45   46   47 

Filter by Year

2004 2025


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 55 No. 2 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2025 Vol. 55 No. 1 (2025): VOLUME 55, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2025 Vol. 54 No. 2 (2024): VOLUME 54, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2024 Vol. 54 No. 1 (2024): VOLUME 54, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2024 Vol. 53 No. 2 (2023): VOLUME 53, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2023 Vol. 53 No. 1 (2023): VOLUME 53, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2023 Vol 52, No 2 (2022): VOLUME 52, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2022 Vol. 52 No. 2 (2022): VOLUME 52, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2022 Vol 52, No 1 (2022): VOLUME 52, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2022 Vol. 52 No. 1 (2022): VOLUME 52, NO. 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2022 Vol 51, No 2 (2021): VOLUME 51, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2021 Vol. 51 No. 2 (2021): VOLUME 51, NO. 2 JULY - DECEMBER 2021 Vol 51, No 1 (2021): Volume 51, No. 1 January - June 2021 Vol. 51 No. 1 (2021): Volume 51, No. 1 January - June 2021 Vol. 50 No. 2 (2020): Volume 50, No. 2 July - December 2020 Vol 50, No 2 (2020): Volume 50, No. 2 July - December 2020 Vol 50, No 1 (2020): Volume 50, No. 1 January - June 2020 Vol. 50 No. 1 (2020): Volume 50, No. 1 January - June 2020 Vol 49, No 1 (2019): Volume 49, No. 1 January-June 2019 Vol. 49 No. 1 (2019): Volume 49, No. 1 January-June 2019 Vol 49, No 1 (2019): Volume 49, No. 1 January-June 2019 Vol 49 (2019): Volume 49, No. 2 July - December 2019 Vol. 49 (2019): Volume 49, No. 2 July - December 2019 Vol 48, No 2 (2018): Volume 48, No. 2 July - December 2018 Vol 48, No 2 (2018): Volume 48, No. 2 July - December 2018 Vol 48, No 1 (2018): Volume 48, No. 1 January - June 2018 Vol 48, No 1 (2018): Volume 48, No. 1 January - June 2018 Vol 47, No 2 (2017): Volume 47, No. 2 July - December 2017 Vol 47, No 2 (2017): Volume 47, No. 2 July - December 2017 Vol 47, No 1 (2017): Volume 47, No. 1 January - June 2017 Vol 47, No 1 (2017): Volume 47, No. 1 January - June 2017 Vol 46, No 2 (2016): Volume 46, No. 2 July - December 2016 Vol 46, No 2 (2016): Volume 46, No. 2 July - December 2016 Vol 46, No 1 (2016): Volume 46, No. 1 January - June 2016 Vol 46, No 1 (2016): Volume 46, No. 1 January - June 2016 Vol. 45 No. 2 (2015): Volume 45, No. 2 July - December 2015 Vol 45, No 2 (2015): Volume 45, No. 2 July - December 2015 Vol 45, No 2 (2015): Volume 45, No. 2 July - December 2015 Vol 45, No 1 (2015): Volume 45, No. 1 January - June 2015 Vol 45, No 1 (2015): Volume 45, No. 1 January - June 2015 Vol 44, No 2 (2014): Volume 44, No. 2 July - December 2014 Vol 44, No 2 (2014): Volume 44, No. 2 July - December 2014 Vol 44, No 1 (2014): Volume 44, No. 1 January - June 2014 Vol 44, No 1 (2014): Volume 44, No. 1 January - June 2014 Vol 43, No 2 (2013): Volume 43, No. 2 July - December 2013 Vol 43, No 2 (2013): Volume 43, No. 2 July - December 2013 Vol 43, No 1 (2013): Volume 43, No. 1 January - June 2013 Vol 43, No 1 (2013): Volume 43, No. 1 January - June 2013 Vol 42, No 2 (2012): Volume 42, No. 2 July - December 2012 Vol 42, No 2 (2012): Volume 42, No. 2 July - December 2012 Vol 42, No 1 (2012): Volume 42, No. 1 January - June 2012 Vol 42, No 1 (2012): Volume 42, No. 1 January - June 2012 Vol 41, No 2 (2011): Volume 41, No. 2 July - December 2011 Vol 41, No 2 (2011): Volume 41, No. 2 July - December 2011 Vol 41, No 1 (2011): Volume 41, No. 1 January - June 2011 Vol 41, No 1 (2011): Volume 41, No. 1 January - June 2011 Vol 40, No 2 (2010): Volume 40, No. 2 July - December 2010 Vol 40, No 2 (2010): Volume 40, No. 2 July - December 2010 Vol 34 (2004): Volume 34, No. 4 October - December 2004 More Issue