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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia
Published by Universitas Pancasila
ISSN : 16931831     EISSN : 26146495     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia (JIFI) mainly focuses on a current topic in Pharmaceutical Sciences are also considered for publication by the Journal. Discussions on a topic in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, and Social Behaviour Administration. Detailed scopes of articles accepted for submission to JIFI are: 1. Pharmaceutical Biology 2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 3. Pharmaceutical Technology. 4. Biomedical and Clinical Pharmacy. 5. Social Pharmacy and Administration.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 761 Documents
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Anti-acne activity and nanoemulsion formulation of a combination of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) extract and essential oil Muhammad Aqsyal; Yesi Desmiaty; Siti Umrah Noor
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i1.2102

Abstract

Acne is a common skin disorder closely associated with bacterial infection, particularly Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lime peel contains flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and essential oils that exhibit antibacterial potential. This study aims to evaluate the anti-acne activity of a combination of lime peel extract and essential oil and to formulate it into a nanoemulsion dosage form. An experimental study was conducted using the disk diffusion method to assess anti-acne activity. The inhibition zone was measured after 24-hour incubation at 37 °C. Nanoemulsions were then prepared through ultrasonic processing and characterised using PSA and TEM. The results demonstrated that the extract–essential oil combinations at ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 produced greater inhibition zones than the single agents, indicating a synergistic effect. The nanoemulsion formulated with Alkamuls CRH 40, glycerin, and VCO produced particles <100 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.072–0.141, although the zeta potential values (−14.1 to −16.7 mV) indicated suboptimal stability. Overall, the combination of lime peel extract and essential oil exhibited significant anti-acne activity and has the potential to be developed as a topical nanoemulsion-based preparation.
Optimation of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) leaf extract using natural deep eutectic solvent basis choline chloride-glycol on antioxidant Marybet Tri Retno Handayani; Yulianita Yulianita; Bina Lohitasari; Rieke Fitria P
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 22 No. 1 (2024): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v22i1.1561

Abstract

Phyllanthus niruri L. has many benefits because it is known that meniran leaves contain secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenolics. The content of phenol compounds which are constituent compounds for antioxidant activity. This research was conducted to determine the combination of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) which can produce extracts with strong antioxidant activity. The preliminary stage determines the best combination of NADES with choline chloride as the Hydrogen Bond Acceptor and the type of sugar as the Hydrogen Bond Donor. The NADES screening obtained the best combination of choline chloride: glycerol, then the optimization stage was carried out using the RSM method with a Central Composite Design. Three variables used were temperature (25°, 40°, 60°C), time (10, 30, 60 minutes) and the ratio of NADES usage (50%, 70% and 90%). Antioxidant activity was determined with the value of in Meniran extract with positive control of vitamin C. The best NADES combination was choline chloride-glycerol (1:1) with an value of 18.039 ppm. Optimization with variations in temperature time and ratio variables obtained optimal conditions at temperature of 60°C with an extraction time of 44 minutes and ratio of 90% NADES obtained values IC50 values of 8.040 ppm and positive control of vitamin C obtained values IC50 values of 4.307 ppm. The best results for antioxidant activity are at a temperature of 60°C gives an value of 8.050 ppm was obtained and the average is 8.075 ppm.
Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of “mimicking honey” extract from Basil (Ocimum americanum L.) stem waste Azza Indrijati Nompo; Afifah Putri Zahrah; Nasywa Fadhiya Pamuji; Nurul Aulia Putri; Abdi Fathir Alfarizki; Lusi Putri Dwita; Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2023

Abstract

Basil (Ocimum americanum L.) has broad pharmacological activity related to its phenolic content. This compound is a natural antioxidant, which also plays a role in reducing lipid profiles. Phenolics can be extracted with a “mimicking honey” (one type of the natural deep eutectic solvents, NADES) as an alternative solvent, that is greener than common volatile organic solvents, such as ethanol. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of basil stem waste extract prepared using a mimicking honey solvent formulated from water, sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Extraction was conducted via ultrasonic-assisted methods. An in vivo test was performed on male Wistar rats induced with hyperlipidemia using quail egg yolk and propylthiouracil. The animals were divided into eight groups: normal control (no treatment), positive control (atorvastatin), mimicking honey solvent (MHS), honey solvent (HS), water solvent (WS), basil stem mimicking honey extract (MHE), basil stem honey extract (HE), and basil stem water extract (WE). Measured parameters included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results indicated that the MHE group showed significantly different levels of TC (123.00 ± 12.85 mg/dL; P < 0.01), TG (85.25 ± 22.29 mg/dL; P < 0.001), and MDA (8.10 ± 0.20 nmol/mL; P < 0.0001) compared to the WS group. These findings suggest that synthetic honey solvent is an effective "green solvent" for extracting bioactive compounds from basil stem, offering potential antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant benefits.
Formulation and antimicrobial evaluation of mouthwash containing propolis and roselle extract Putu Diah Apri Anjalikha; Amirah Adlia; Dhyan Ayu Kusumaningtyas; Deasy Dyah Retno Wulan; I Ketut Adnyana
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2024

Abstract

Poor oral hygiene promotes the shift of commensal microorganisms into opportunistic pathogens, causing oral diseases. Natural phenolic-rich products like propolis and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) offer promising antimicrobial properties for oral care. This study aimed to evaluate the combined antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and aqueous extract of roselle (AER) against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans, and to formulate an effective natural mouthwash. MIC and MBC/MFC values were determined for both extracts. Combined interactions were evaluated using checkerboard assays (FICI). A mouthwash containing 2% EEP and 1% AER was formulated and assessed for physical properties and time-kill kinetics. EEP showed MIC values against S. aureus, S. mutans, and C. albicans of 1,280, 640, and > 20,480 μg/mL, respectively, whereas AER yielded 320, 1,280, and 10,240 μg/mL. EEP MBC values were 1,280 and 2,560 μg/mL for bacterial strains, while AER MBC/MFC values were 1,280, 10,240, and 10,240 μg/mL. Checkerboard assays indicated additive interactions against S. aureus (FICI = 2) and S. mutans (FICI = 3). The formulated mouthwash (2% EEP, 1% AER) was homogeneous, transparent light-brown, menthol-scented, with pH 5.44 ± 0.03 and viscosity 1.36 mPa. Undiluted, it completely eradicated all microbes within 2–10 minutes. The EEP–AER combination exhibits strong antimicrobial activity and holds great potential as a natural mouthwash for oral health management.
Formulation and physicochemical evaluation of a lotion containing cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) and patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oils as a natural mosquito repellent Mega Efrilia; Eriawan Rismana; Pra Panca Bayu Chandra; Ayu Amelia Putri; Pristiyantoro Pristiyantoro; Suhendra Suhendra
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2031

Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases remain a major public health concern in tropical regions, necessitating safer and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic repellents. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a natural mosquito-repellent lotion containing (Cinnamomum burmannii and Pogostemon cablin essential oils. A completely randomized experimental design was applied using four formulations (F0–F3) with varying concentrations of cinnamon oil (15–25%) and a fixed concentration of patchouli oil (7%). Physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and stability, were evaluated, and repellent activity against Aedes aegypti was assessed using an arm-in-cage method. All measurements were conducted in triplicate and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that all formulations met acceptable cosmetic standards, with pH values ranging from 5.8 to 7.92, viscosity between 7.560–12.420 cP, spreadability of 5.2–7.1 cm, and adhesion time of 5.0–12 s, while maintaining stable emulsion characteristics. Repellent efficacy increased with oil concentration, with the optimal formulation (F3: 25% cinnamon + 7% patchouli) achieving 80% protection, approaching the DEET control (90%). These findings indicate that the combination of cinnamon and patchouli essential oils has strong potential as a natural, safe, and sustainable mosquito repellent. The formulation was optimized based on physicochemical stability and repellent activity. Further optimization using advanced delivery systems, such as nanoencapsulation, is recommended to improve efficacy and durability. 
SPACE-Peptide succesfully improves dermis penetration of amniotic membrane stem cell metabolite product as antiaging Diah Indah Kumala Sari; Safira Yulita Fazadini
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2048

Abstract

Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell Metabolite Product (AMSCMP) contains a 75.33 kDa protein, making dermal penetration difficult. The Skin Penetrating and Cell Entering (SPACE) peptide facilitates protein molecule penetration reversibly. This study aimed to assess the penetration depth and skin irritation level of AMSCMP combined with SPACE peptide. In vivo experiments were conducted on mice, evaluating penetration via staining depth and irritation through edema, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell levels, and tissue degeneration. Penetration results showed distinct fluorescence differences, where formulas with the SPACE peptide (F2, F3, F4) achieved penetration depths exceeding 1,200 μm, whereas the control without SPACE (F1) showed no measurable penetration. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference in penetration depth among formulas (p < 0.05), proving that SPACE peptide significantly enhanced active ingredient delivery into the skin. Regarding skin safety, F1 and F2 showed an irritation index of zero (no irritation), while F3 and F4 yielded a score of 1.3, falling into the very mild irritation category. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in irritation scores across all formulations (p > 0.05), indicating that the addition of SPACE peptide did not induce meaningful skin irritation. Conclusion: The addition of SPACE peptide significantly enhances the skin penetration of AMSCMP while maintaining an exceptionally mild, non-significant irritation profile suitable for topical application.
Comparative analysis of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in people with diabetes mellitus between Central Java and Yogyakarta Akbar Eka Nugraha; Devi Yanthre Manurung
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2069

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease with an increasing health burden. Differences in disease burden in Indonesia can be attributed to various factors. Therefore, a comparative analysis of disease burden based on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) is needed to understand the differences in the epidemiological characteristics of DM in Central Java and Yogyakarta. This study is a comparative descriptive study with a quantitative approach using secondary data. DALY and its components were analyzed to observe trends, calculate the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), and statistically tested using independent t-test to assess differences in DALY values between Central Java and Yogyakarta. The values showed an increasing trend in both provinces during the observation period. Yogyakarta had significantly higher DALY values than Central Java, with an average DALY rate of 1062.48 in Yogyakarta and a DALY rate of 807.01 in Central Java (p < 0.05). The increase in illness burden was greater in Yogyakarta (2.38%) compared to Central Java (2.21%). The ratio of Years of Life Lost (YLL) exceeded that of Years Lived with Disability (YLD), signifying that diabetes mellitus (DM) exerted a more significant influence on untimely mortality than on disability. These results emphasize the need for regional health policies that focus on preventing premature death and strengthening early detection of DM.
Dual-release capsule of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine for reduced dosing frequency and improved therapy Kosasih Kosasih; Lully Marlinda
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2074

Abstract

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic agent acting on α‑ and β‑adrenergic receptors with a half‑life of 5–8 h, requiring multiple daily doses. Sustained‑release formulations are desirable to maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations, reduce dosing frequency, and minimize fluctuations. Cetirizine dihydrochloride, a long‑acting non‑sedating antihistamine with a half‑life of ~10 h, is suitable for immediate‑release dosage forms. This study aimed to develop a dual‑release capsule containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride sustained‑release granules and cetirizine dihydrochloride immediate‑release granules. Ethyl cellulose N100 was employed as a coating agent, while starch served as a disintegrant. The granule mixture exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties, with moisture content of 4.185–4.513%, flow rate of 10.63–12.30 g/s, and angle of repose between 23.78°–27.53°. Capsule content uniformity ranged from 97.15–98.45% for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 99.33–104.61% for cetirizine dihydrochloride. Dissolution testing revealed two distinct release profiles. Cetirizine dihydrochloride showed dissolution behavior comparable to the reference product, whereas pseudoephedrine hydrochloride exhibited significant differences. In conclusion, combining sustained‑release pseudoephedrine hydrochloride with immediate‑release cetirizine dihydrochloride in a single capsule is feasible. Further optimization is required to align pseudoephedrine hydrochloride release with the reference product. 
Biosynthetic potential of endophytic fungi associated with breadfruit (Artocarpus communis forst.) for antimicrobial agent production Inherni Marti Abna; Irnawati Nurjanah; Tyas Putri Utami
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2101

Abstract

The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria necessitates the exploration of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of novel antimicrobial compounds. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi derived from the leaves and stems of breadfruit (Artocarpus communis Forst) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Isolation was conducted using surface sterilization and direct plating methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically. Antimicrobial potential was assessed in two stages: preliminary screening using the dual culture antagonism method, followed by confirmation testing of secondary metabolites produced via liquid fermentation in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) using the agar well diffusion method. Eight pure isolates were successfully obtained: three from leaves and five from stems. Preliminary screening indicated that stem-derived isolates exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to leaf-derived isolates. Secondary metabolite screening revealed that isolate B1a-Ir effectively inhibited S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 9.19 ± 0.17 mm, surpassing the positive control (chloramphenicol). Furthermore, isolates B2a-Ir and B3b-Ir exhibited strong antifungal activity against C. albicans with inhibition zones of 13.09 ± 0.49 mm and 13.93 ± 0.17 mm, respectively, surpassing the positive control (ketoconazole). This study highlights that endophytic fungi from breadfruit stems are promising sources of bioactive compounds for future antimicrobial therapy development, particularly against S. aureus and C. albicans.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of metformin-glimepiride vs metformin-vildagliptin on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients at RSUD dr. Soekardjo Wahyu Permana; Nur Rahayuningsih; Rahmawati Rahmawati
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v24i2.2132

Abstract

Type Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a major public health challenge that substantially contributes to long-term healthcare expenditure. Although combination therapy is frequently required to achieve optimal glycemic control, economic considerations play a critical role in selecting appropriate therapeutic regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of metformin–glimepiride (M-G) versus metformin–vildagliptin (M-V) combination therapy in achieving glycemic control among outpatients with T2DM at RSUD dr. Soekardjo, Tasikmalaya. A retrospective observational study employing a cost-effectiveness analysis approach was conducted using medical record data from January to December 2025, involving a total of 32 eligible patients (24 in the M-G group and 8 in the M-V group). Direct medical costs were estimated from the hospital provider perspective, whereas treatment effectiveness was measured by the percentage reduction in random plasma glucose (RPG) levels. The results demonstrated that the M-V combination yielded a higher clinical effectiveness (62.5%) compared to the M-G combination (50%). However, the average direct medical cost was higher in the M-V group (IDR 370,659) than in the M-G group (IDR 244,589). The Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) was lower for the M-G regimen (IDR 4,891.78) than for the M-V regimen (IDR 5,930.54). Furthermore, the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) indicated that each additional 1% improvement in effectiveness achieved with M-V required an additional cost of IDR 10,085.60. Consequently, the M-V combination was considered more cost-effective based on its clinical effectiveness outcomes.

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