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Scripta Biologica

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Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

ISSN : - EISSN : 23553138 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

Scripta Biologica is a peer reviewed open access electronic journal published by the Faculty of Biology Jenderal Soedirman University, publishes research papers encompasses all aspects of biology, including; molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics; physiology and reproduction; ecology and conservation; biodiversity, evolution, taxonomy, and biogeography.

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Articles 176 Documents

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KEANEKARAGAMAN ECHINODERMATA (ECHINOIDEA DAN HOLOTHUROIDEA) DI PULAU BAKALAN, BANGGAI KEPULAUAN, SULAWESI TENGAH, INDONESIA Moh Reza Sese; Annawaty Annawaty; Eddy Yusron
Scripta Biologica Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

The coastal zone of Indonesia, especially in the eastern archipelago, is composed of typical tropical small island ecosystems such as estuaries, coral reefs, seagrass meadows, algal beds, and sandy beaches which are habitats of many groups of marine organisms including Echinoderms. The biodiversity of many small islands in this area was understudied, including Bakalan Island of Banggai Islands in Central Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of Echinoderms (Echinoidea and Holothuroidea) in Bakalan Island. This study applied the purposive sampling technique with the 2 x 2 m quadrats were placed along a 100-meter transect with ten-meter intervals. There are nine species of echinoderms found in this study including Salmacis sphaeroides, Mespilia globulus, Tripneustes gratilla, Echinometra mathaei, Diadema setosum, D. savigny, Echinothrix calamaris, Holothuria atra, and Synapta maculata. The first seven species belonging to the class Echinoidea while the latter two belong to the class Holothuroidea.

PRODUKSI MISELIUM Grifola frondosa (Dickson: Fries) Gray ISOLAT CIANJUR DAN BOBOT EKSTRAKNYA PADA MEDIUM MYPB DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BIJI BUNGA MATAHARI Helianthus annuus L. Rizki Maulida; Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas; Slamet Priyanto
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Grifola frondosa or maitake, not only can be used as a food ingredient but also as medicine. Other than nutrients, fruit body and mycelium of G. frondosa also contains bioactive compounds, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and beta glucans extracellular polysaccharides (β-1,3 glucans and β-1,6 glucans). Extracellular polysaccharide harvested more often in mycelium form which is cultivated in liquid medium. Liquid medium which is commonly used for the growth of mycelium is MYPB (Malt Yeast Peptone Broth). Mycelium production on MYPB as a medium can be increased by adding additional ingredients, one of which is sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The treatment was the addition of sunflower seeds on medium MYPB. The main parameters were mycelium’s dry weight and the weight of raw extract of G. frondosa. Supporting parameters were final pH medium, extracellular polysaccharides (qualitatively), terpenoid, alkaloid, and flavonoid compounds in the raw extract of G. frondosa. The addition of 250 g/l sunflower seeds in the medium MYPB was the optimum treatment that can produce 1,379 g/100ml of mycelium and 0,299 g/100ml G. frondosa extracts.

KUALITAS PAKAN FERMENTATIF BERBAHAN KULIT UBI KAYU DENGAN INOKULAN MEP+ UNTUK KULTUR IKAN NILA GESIT (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Cahiadir Ali Akbar; Sukanto Sukanto; Siti Rukayah
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Feed is a major component in fish farming. However, the relatively high price of feed is very burdensome for fish farmers. Therefore a relatively low-cost solution is needed to address that problem. The use of local materials such as bran, waste mushroom, tofu, onggok starch, and skin cassava can be utilized as an alternative to reduce the needs of imported materials. However, the local materials have constraints regarding nutrition and digestibility, so an appropriate technology is required to overcome this. Improving the quality of the feed can be done by fermentation. Fermentation works by breaking macromolecules such as carbohydrates and amino acids into micromolecules, so the absorption of feed nutrients in the fish intestines become more efficient. The use of inoculants MEP+ aimed to improve the digestibility of feed, detoxification and increased the productivity of tilapia GESIT (Oreochromis niloticus). This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation on enhancing the quality of feed nutrients made from cassava skin chips by the application of inoculant MEP+. The study was carried out experimentally using a complete randomized design. The independent variable in this study was the type of feed. Observed dependent variable was feed quality. The main parameter measured was the proximate level. Supporting parameter was the growth of tilapia GESIT. The results showed a progressive increase in the levels of nutrients of feed fermented in each treatment. The increments were recorded in treatment A from 16.15 became 21.64, in B from 13.21 became 15.46, in C from 9.66 became 11.53, and in D from 8.34 became 9.87. This result implies that the use of MEP+ fermentation inoculants could boost the nutritional content of food, with an average of the increment value of 11-15%. The increment of nutrient contents in each treatment was also affected the weight gain of fish although no significant difference were observed.

AKTIVITAS ENZIM SELULASE, AMILASE, DAN INVERTASE PADA TANAH PERTANIAN DARI DUSUN KRANGKENG, JAWA TENGAH Sherly Asnath Saukoly
Scripta Biologica Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.sb.2018.0.0.833

Cellulase, amylase and invertase enzymes are included in the hydrolysis enzime group which plays the role in the transformation and decomposition of organic material, biochemical reaction and nutrients cycle in the ground. There is limited information about the influence of plants above the ground toward the activities of those three enzymes in Indonesia. The activities of those three enzymes have been examined on the farmland with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), chicory (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), chili (Capsicum annum), and leek (Allium fistulosum). This study shows that there is an influence of plants above the ground toward the activities of celluloid and invertase enzymes (below ground) (p0,05). Besides, there is a positive correlation between the enzymes activities and the abiotic factors such as ground organic material, pH and soil moisture (p

PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI IKAN CEMPEDIK DI BELITUNG TIMUR: SUATU PENDEKATAN BIOLOGIS DAN ETNOBIOLOGI Yulian Fakhrurrozi; Ardiansyah Kurniawan; Andri Kurniawan
Scripta Biologica Vol 3, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Fish Cempedik has become a freshwater entity in East Belitung District. The abundance of Cempedik is almost used by people in rainy season, by catching activity in downstream of Lintang River and Lenggang River that disembogue in Bendungan Pice. The actvity, however, is not done in dry season caused Fish Cempedik is very difficult to found there. This research aim is to exlore Fish Cempedik’s existence by study of biology and ethnobiology approach, as a development activity of freshwater potential in East Belitung District, especially Fish Cempedik. The results show Fish Cempedik has morphology similarities that indicate group of Family Cyprinidae, there is a round dark spot on its caudal peduncle, silver skin, forked shape caudal fin, two barbels on each side of mouth, 1,8-3,6 g in weight, total lenght 5,13-6,36 cm, standard lenght 3,89-5,07 cm, head lenght 0,69-1,16 cm, head height 0,47-0,9 cm, body height 0,83-1,46 cm, caudal peduncle height 0,31-0,78 cm, caudal peduncle length 0,59-0,95 cm, body wide 0,42-0,9 cm, 21 caudal spines, 12 dorsal spines, 6 anal spines, and 9 ventral spines on each side. In fish catching, people use bubu or sero, many arrested during the rainy season, and in the dry season are more common in the upstream than downstream.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION OF TROPICAL DIATOM Thalassiosira spp. FROM TELUK BAHANG, PENANG Aysha Javeed; Sazlina Salleh; Aqilah Darif; Mahadi Mohammad
Scripta Biologica Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

This study describes the morphological structure of Thalassiosira spp. found in coastal water and intertidal area of Teluk Bahang, Penang. Examination of the samples collected from January 2015 to June 2016 showed that these species were the common genera in both benthic and surface seawater at Teluk Bahang. To obtain phytoplankton samples, five liters of seawater were filtered through the plankton net (35 µm). While for benthic samples, the samples were collected at sediment surface of 1 mm depth. Samples of Thalassiosira spp. were obtained from both phytoplankton and benthic samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of Thalassiosira spp. Results from the SEM showed distinct differences in areolae pattern, sizes, position and number of processes among Thalassiosira spp. (Thalassiosira nanolineata, Thalassiosira densannula, and Thalassiosira gravida). Thalassiosira densannula and Thalassiosira nanolineata were found in both habitats, coastal and benthic area while Thalassiosira gravida was found only in coastal water. Thalassiosira spp. contribute approximately 15% of the total benthic community and approximately 35% of the total phytoplankton community.

METODE EKSTRAKSI DNA CABAI (Capsicum annuum L.) MENGGUNAKAN MODIFIKASI BUFFER CTAB (CETHYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE) TANPA NITROGEN CAIR Kristianto Nugroho; Rerenstradika T Terryana; Puji Lestari
Scripta Biologica Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Chili pepper is an agricultural commodity having high economic value. The production and supply of chili pepper frequently did not match the increased demand; it caused the market price fluctuated. It is important to create new varieties of chili pepper with high production trait to overcome the scarcity. Therefore the plant breeding activities for chili pepper should be done intensively in both conventional and molecular-based to obtain varieties of chili pepper with expected qualities. In molecular breeding, DNA extraction is the crucial steps of the process. If extracted DNA has an excellent quality and quantity, the next processes normally could be completed with the high-quality result. To date, most methods of DNA extraction used liquid nitrogen to destroy the tough carbohydrates of plant tissue. Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen gas in a fluid state which quite difficult to be distributed to the remote laboratory wit no available storage facility. This study aimed to obtain a modified DNA extraction method, in particular for chili pepper, which capable to produce DNA with high quality and quantity without using liquid nitrogen. The sample used consisted of eight F2 plants including their hybrid-parental of the Kencana and the 0207. This research applied modified Doyle and Doyle method for extraction. Modification of extraction buffer is done through the addition of the 1% (w/v) PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) and 0.2% (v/v) β-mercaptoethanol. The results showed that the DNA extracted using this method has good quality and quantity, capable of being amplified by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) primer and could be digested by restriction enzyme EcoRI. Besides, this method can reduce dependence on the use of liquid nitrogen, in particular for remote laboratories with no available storage facility.

KONDISI FITOPLANKTON DAN KUALITAS AIR PADA KEDALAMAN PERAIRAN BERBEDA DI PERAIRAN MALUKU Riris Aryawati; Nurul Fitriya
Scripta Biologica Vol 5, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.sb.2018.5.3.748

Fitoplankton di laut berperan sebagai pembentuk dasar dari rantai makanan melalui produksi primer. Keberadaan fitoplankton sangat terkait dengan faktor fisika kimia perairan. Umumnya kondisi lingkungan perairan memiliki perbedaan konsentrasi di wilayah permukaan dan di perairan yang lebih dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika planktonik di sekitar wilayah penelitian meliputi kelimpahan, dan komposisi fitoplankton serta kondisi fisika kimia perairan di wilayah perairan permukaan dan termoklin. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2015, pada delapam lokasi penelitian. Sampling plankton dilakukan pada 2 kolom air yang berbeda, yaitu di kedalaman permukaan dan pada lapisan termoklin. Air sampel diambil dengan menggunakan Rosette sampler, kemudian disaring dengan menggunakan hand plankton net ukuran mata jaring 20 µm. Filtrat yang terkumpul di bucket lalu dimasukkan ke dalam botol sampel 250 ml dan difiksasi dengan formaldehyde 4%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di perairan Maluku ditemukan Bacillariophyceae (14 marga) dan Dinophyceae (6 marga). Terdapat kondisi parameter perairan yang berbeda pada kedalaman yang berbeda, khususnya untuk nitrat, fosfat, silikat, oksigen terlarut (DO) dan pH. Nitrat, fosfat dan silikat memiliki nilai-nilai yang lebih tinggi pada kedalaman termoklin dibandingkan di perairan permukaan, sedangkan DO dan pH memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi pada perairan permukaan dibandingkan kedalaman termoklin. Kata Kunci: Fitoplankton, kualitas air, permukaan perairan, kedalaman termoklin, perairan Maluku.

ANALISIS FENETIK KULTIVAR CABAI BESAR Capsicum annuum L. DAN CABAI KECIL Capsicum frutescens L. Susi Agustina; Pudji Widodo; Hexa Apriliana Hidayah
Scripta Biologica Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

A study on the “Phenetic analysis of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum frutescens L. “ has been conducted from June to August 2012. The aim of the research is to know the relationship amoung big chillis and small chillis based on morphology. The samples were taken from 5 villages in Sukamantri Sub-district, Ciamis. The method used in this research was explorative survey with purposive random sampling. The character data of big chili and small chili morphologies were analyzed descriptively to determine the relationship using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Mean Arithmetic) methods. The result of this study showed that there were seven cultivars of big chilli, namely C. annuum „Hot Chili‟, Gada, Fantastik, Keriting TM 888, Tanjung 2, Keriting TM 999, Hot Beauty, and four cultivars of small chilli namely C. frutescens „Cakra Ungu‟, Cakra Hijau, Bendot, and Cakra Putih. The fenogram showed that there were five groups, two groups of C. annuum and three groups of C. frutescens. The first group consisted of C. annuum „Hot Chili‟, Keriting TM 888, Fantastik, and Tanjung 2. The second group consisted of C. annuum „Gada‟, Hot Beauty, and Keriting TM 999. The third group was C. frutescens „Bendot‟. The fourth group consisted of C. frutescens „Cakra Putih‟, and C. frutescens „Cakra Hijau‟. The fifth group was C. frutescens „Ungu‟. The closest relationship was between C. annuum „Keriting TM 999‟ and C. annuum „Hot Beauty‟ and the farthest relationship was between C. frutescens „Bendot‟ and C. frutescens „Ungu‟.

THE DIVERSITY OF STONY CORAL AND THE TENDENCY TO BLEACH BASED ON LIFEFORM IN THE TENGAH PATCH-REEF OF KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS Aradea Bujana Kusuma; Erwin Riyanto Ardli; Romanus Edy Prabowo
Scripta Biologica Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Coral reefs, the habitat of tens of thousands of marine species, are an ecosystem with the highest biodiversity. Several threats, however, have impaired coral reefs. One having a potentially catastrophic effect is the increasing temperature of the ocean that leads to a coral bleaching event. This study aimed to determine the diversity of stony coral based on their lifeform, to assess the condition of reefs by measuring percent cover of live coral, and to determine the bleaching occurrence based on the stony coral lifeform in the Tengah patch-reef of Karimunjawa National (Marine) Park. The research was a visual survey with line intercept transects (LIT) used to collect data. The data were presented as percent cover of living coral and their lifeforms. The result showed the diversity of coral in the Tengah patch-reef was very high as indicated by the presence of all coral lifeforms in the study site. The most diverse lifeform was found at 10 m depth with 13 lifeforms, while the lowest lifeform was found at 3 m depth with ten lifeforms. The most extensive live coral cover was found at 3 m depth estimated around 73.71%, and the the lowest coverage was found at 10 m depth, no more than 50.42%. The bleaching event was found in Acropora branching and Acropora digitate at the 3 m depth

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