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Jurnal Respirasi (JR)

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 24070831 EISSN : 26218372 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Jurnal Respirasi is a National journal in accreditation process managed by Department of Pulmonology & Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Publish every January, May, September every year with each of 5 (five) complete texts in Indonesian.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 321 Documents

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First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Pattern Ayurveda Zaynabila Heriqbaldi; Rebekah Juniati Setiabudi; Resti Yudhawati
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: An important concern regarding TB currently is the case of anti-TB drug resistance; hence research on resistance patterns and risk factors is essential. This study aimed to identify the pattern of first-line anti-TB drug resistance. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted at MDR-TB polyclinic Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, in 2017-2019. Only complete medical records were included. The variables were first-line anti-TB drug resistance (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin) and patients’ characteristics (age, gender, treatment history, and comorbidities). The drug resistance test was performed using certified culture methods. Results: Among 239 patients, the incidences of resistance to H, R, E, and S were 79.08%, 94.14%, 25.94%, and 20.08%, respectively. The most common patterns were HR (42.26%), R (18.83%), and HRE (12.55%). The largest age group was 45-54 years old (38%). The dominant gender was male (56.49%). The most treatment history category was relapsed patients (48%) and there were more patients with comorbidity (57%). Conclusion: The highest incidence rate of resistance was rifampicin and the most common resistance pattern was HR. Most of the patients were of working age, male, relapse patients, and had comorbidities. An appropriate TB therapy treatment plays an important role in preventing resistance.

Chronic Lung and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Take a Broader Perspective Syifa Mustika; Tiar Oktavian Effendi
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are often found with gastrointestinal symptoms or even gastrointestinal diseases as one of its comorbid. Vice versa, many cases of gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have developed respiratory dysfunction later. The connection between these two systems has become interesting lately and has led to several studies to prove the association. Several theories have emerged to explain this association. This includes changes in microbiota, the mucosa-related immune system of both systems, side effects of the therapeutic given, and pathomechanism related to gastrointestinal diseases such as GERD. Many studies try to prove the connection between the microbiota in the respiratory and gastrointestinal system, and changing the abundance in one of the systems can affect another. Both of the systems also have a similar mucosal membrane in their lining. Those membranes have an immune defence called Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT). Lymphatic and circulatory systems facilitate the migration between two mucosal, and these interconnections influence each other. Although the side effect of the therapeutic agent in respiratory diseases (such as inhaled corticosteroid, beta-2 agonist, or anti-cholinergic) is thought to be one of the causative mechanisms, discontinuation of therapy is the second option. Probiotic supplementation to improve microbiota is still not a strong recommendation for management.

Pin Point Trachea: A Case Report Ni Wayan Candrawati; Venny Singgih; Ketut Putu Yasa; Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Pin point trachea is a rare case. It is caused by tuberculosis (TB) and trauma due to intubation procedure. Main complication of this abnormality is respiratory failure. It can be diagnosed through bronchoscopy. Managements of this abnormality are interventional bronchoscopy and treating the etiology. Surgery is considered if interventional bronchoscopy failed or cannot be performed.Case: A 29-year-old woman came to the emergency room complaining shortness of breath and hoarseness since two months before hospitalized. The patient also experienced cough, decreased body weight and appetite since 7 months earlier. The patient was diagnosed with bacteriologically confirmed TB and anti-TB drug was given. Cough symptom was decreasing but shortness of breath and hoarseness remained after treatment. Physical examination showed decreased vesicular sound and stridor. Bronchoscopy revealed narrow tracheal lumen (pin point) with fibrosis. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan showed severe narrowing of tracheal lumen at thoracic vertebrae 1-2. Surgery was performed to cut the fibrotic tissue and tracheostomy was placed at stenosis area.Conclusion: Pin point trachea is a rare case. One of the causes is tracheobronchial TB. The main managements are optimal administration of anti-TB drugs and interventional bronchoscopy or surgery.

Vitamin D Supplementation and COVID-19 Gracia Dewitacita Tanaya; Willa Mettacita Tanaya; Ayu Hutami Syarif
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) happened due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It is the third coronavirus causing a pandemic. Cases of COVID-19 have increased rapidly. Epidemiological studies show droplets as a medium of transmission of this virus. The high rate of transmission and the death rate create urgency on the management of COVID-19. Unfortunately, until now there is no definitive therapy for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several potential therapies, including antivirals, immunomodulatory agents, convalescent plasma transfusions, and supportive therapies such as vitamin D supplementation, have been applied in the management of COVID-19. As a hormone, vitamin D has an immunomodulatory effect used in supportive therapy for various immune-related diseases and respiratory system infections. The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are strengthening the physical barrier (cell junction), the specific immune system (adaptive immunity), and the non-specific immune system (innate immunity). Vitamin D is known to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, vitamin D also performs as a substantial part in the induction of ACE2 receptors which gives a weighty influence on pathogenesis of COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency can amplify the risk of infections including COVID-19. Presently, clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 are limited. This literature review further examined the role of vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19.

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in Immunocompromised Patients: Case Series Edward Pandu Wiriansya; Irawaty Djaharuddin; Andi Tiara Salengke Adam
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is a form of extra-pulmonary TB with clinical features ranging from lumps to abscesses. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection and diabetes mellitus alongside TBLN made the diagnosis and management exceptionally challenging. We reported 3 cases of TBLN, 2 among them had an existing HIV co-infection, and 1 had preexisting diabetes mellitus.Case: The first case, a 28-year-old man, previously diagnosed with HIV, complained of a lump in the neck; biopsy results suggested TBLN. The second case was a 36-year-old man with a neck abscess and HIV co-infection. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) pus was positive & Human Immunodeficiency Virus Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (HIV ELISA) was reactive. The third case was a patient with a neck abscess with preexisting diabetes mellitus (DM) underwent wound debridement and was given anti-tuberculosis drugs.Conclusion: TBLN with HIV co-infection or diabetes had clinical features ranging from a painful lump to an abscess. The definitive diagnosis was taken by examining AFB from pus. If the abscess was more extensive than or equal to 3 cm, wound debridement was necessary. The primary treatment for TBLN was anti-tuberculosis drugs and required even greater attention if a patient had any preexisting comorbidities such as HIV and diabetes.

Kidney-Pulmonary Crosstalk from Pathophysiological Perspective Sharifa Audi Salsabila; Alfian Nur Rosyid; Maulana Antiyan Empitu; Ika Nindya Kadariswantiningsih; Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro; Mutiara Rizki Haryati; Mochammad Thaha; Yusuke Suzuki
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Lungs and kidneys are distant organs which are functionally related in physiological and pathological contexts. Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common complications in acute kidney injury (AKI) or acute-on-chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, there is a considerable risk of AKI in respiratory diseases such as ARDS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). From a pathophysiological point of view, the kidney-lung crosstalk involves interdependency in the regulation of fluid hemodynamic, acid-base and electrolyte balance, and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Aside from the closely related function, the crosstalk may also occur by non-classical mechanisms such as through activation of systemic inflammation, excessive cytokine release, and the formation of auto-antibody which targets both kidneys and lungs. This review discussed several disease mechanisms by which kidney and lungs affect each other or are simultaneously affected by pathological processes. Particularly, this review discussed some specific mechanisms in lungs and kidneys, such as how hypoxemia and hypercapnia induced by ARDS may reduce kidney function and how distance injury on kidney may affect the development of non-cardiogenic edema lungs.

Bronchial Arteries Embolization in Tuberculosis-Related Recurrent Hemoptysis with Complete Right Lung Atelectasis: A Case Report Yulia Devina Suci Kusumastrini; Ariani Permatasari
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: Hemoptysis is an emergency condition with high morbidity and mortality which requires immediate treatment. Active tuberculosis (TB) and post-tubercular sequelae can result in hemoptysis with the most common source is from bronchial artery.Case: We reported a 22-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath and recurrent hemoptysis. A chest X-Ray showed total atelectasis right lung due to obstructive airway. After aspiration clotting blood in bronchus and instillation adrenalin with fiber optic bronchoscopy, the atelectasis totally disappeared. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed prominent vascular lesions from the apical right pulmonary artery, right brachialis artery, and branch of the posterior intercostal artery. The patient was referred to the interventional unit of the radiology department in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and underwent bronchial artery embolization. After this procedure, his symptoms resolved completely and he was discharged after a week with 2nd category anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD). 6 months of follow-up, he no longer experienced hemoptysis.Conclusion: Recurrent hemoptysis needs optimal management, including diagnostic with chest radiography, CT and bronchoscopy. Treatment with bronchoscopy and bronchial artery embolization will reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with hemoptysis.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Patient Treatment Adherence Natalia Christin Tiara Revita; Tintin Sukartini; Makhfudli Makhfudli; Joel Rey Ugsang Acob; Hasanudin Hasanudin; Handira Nadhifatul Aini
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a lack of attention to treatment of tuberculosis (TB). TB patients who do not adhere to treatment during a pandemic can cause various health problems in various countries. COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects TB patients such as increasing psychological stress, triggering non-adherence to treatment, affecting quality of life, and even increasing the number of deaths of TB patients. The increasing number of deaths and decreasing success of TB treatment during the pandemic are serious problems that must be addressed immediately. Various efforts were made to overcome the barriers for TB treatment during pandemics. Health workers can provide health education and rehabilitation programs in another media such as tele-health. Digital media can provide health information about TB, improve medication adherence, emphasize the benefits of medication adherence, and motivate patients to undergo treatment.

The Role of Thromboelastography in Heparin Therapy for COVID-19 Patients Yosua Butar Butar; Yetti Hernaningsih; Narazah Mohd Yusoff
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated coagulopathy one of the significant complications often found in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A hypercoagulable and prothrombotic state characterize coagulopathy with an increased risk of thrombotic events. Abnormal coagulation tests could predict bleeding risk, thrombosis, and disease severity. In addition to increasing the D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin time has decreased survival and increased treatment requirements. Based on laboratory findings, it was reported that 70% of patients with COVID-19 had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and 30% had thrombosis. Approximately 8% of patients with COVID-19 have hemorrhagic complications, the most common one is gastrointestinal bleeding. Variations in hypercoagulability and bleeding occur in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the anticoagulant drug should be considered to minimize bleeding risk. An anti-bleeding agent for bleeding complications should be considered for the potential increase of coagulopathy. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a tool that is used to analyze the characteristics of viscoelastic clots, platelet function, and fibrinolysis in whole blood, providing a complete picture of the patient's coagulation status. From various therapeutic guidelines for COVID-19 patients, heparin is used as an anticoagulant drug to prevent thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Starting from prophylactic doses to therapeutic doses, heparin is used to prevent the severity of COVID-19 patient course. The effect of coagulation on COVID-19 patients varies from no impact to hypercoagulation in TEG results.

The Use of Mask in Respiratory Exercise in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic Susanthy Djajalaksana; Aditya Sri Listyoko; Lucky Togihon Harjantho; Anthony Christanto; Silvy Amalia Falyani; Akira Yamasaki
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Introduction: The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic causes public health protocols to be strictly enforced. This study examined the effect of using masks on performing exercises, particularly respiratory exercises, in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 24 people participated in this study using randomization and cross-over techniques. The variables measured were respiratory rate, oxygen (O2) saturation, pulse rate, carbon monoxide (CO) levels, and fatigue scale using the Borg Breathless Score. The statistical test used independent t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U with a different level of p < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the observed parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral O2 saturation, CO levels, and Borg scale) in the groups using masks and not using masks. Conclusion: The increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate, and Borg Scale in the aerobic phase of respiratory exercise is physiological and can improve significantly after the cooling phase.

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Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 6-8 Surabaya 60286 Indonesia

Location
Kota surabaya,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA