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ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal

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Published by Universitas Surabaya

ISSN : 02150158 EISSN : 26205963 DOI : https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj

Core Subject : Social,

Social Sciences

Anima publishes peer reviewed articles with editors and consultants providing detailed assistance for authors to reach publication. Anima publishes research reports and scientific papers in psychology and/or related sciences with the aim to advance science, knowledge, and theory of psychology.

Arjuna Subject : Psikologi - Psikologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 651 Documents

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Do Western Methods Work in South-East Asia? A Thought From the Cross-Cultural Usability Testing of a Food Processor in Indonesia and the Netherlands Daams, Brechtje; Hariandja, Johanna
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 3 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 3, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i3.4477

Currently, many European companies sell their products all over the world, not only in Europe or America but also expanding to Asia. It is therefore interesting to investigate how people from a European and an Asian culture use and perceive a product. This is done by executing across-cultural usability test in Indonesia (a South-East Asian country) and The Netherlands (a Western European country). Usability testing is not very common among people in Indonesia, and therefore not known to the public. So far, no literature can be found about usability testing in Indonesia. On the other hand, usability testing is well known and has been applied successfully in the Netherlands over the last years. Doing usability testing in Indonesia has brought some interesting findings concerning the methods used. It is shown that generally used usability research methods such as the 'think-aloud' method combined with user observation are problematic in Indonesia. It is clear that this usability testing method is not suitable for Indonesians because they do not feel comfortable with it. In this paper, we recommend that if usability testing be executed with Indonesian participants, a method should be worked out which makes them more eager to participate and feel more comfortable when participating. The acceptability and applicability of a research method should be taken into account when testing products with participants from a different culture. Dewasa ini, banyak perusahaan Eropa menjual produknya ke seluruh dunia, bukan hanya di Eropa atau Amerika, tetapi juga merambah ke Asia. Cukup menarik untuk meneliti bagaimana masyarakat dengan budaya Eropa dan Asia menggunakan dan merasakan suatu produk. Hal ini dilakukan dengan melakukan uji-gunalintas budaya di Indonesia dan di Belanda. Uji-guna belum banyak dikenal orang Indonesia, karenanya tak diketahui masyarakat pada umumnya. Sejauh ini belum ditemukan kepustakaan tentang uji-guna di Indonesia. Dilain pihak, uji-guna sudah sangat dikenal dan telah diaplikasikan dengan berhasil di Belanda akhir-akhir ini. Melaksanakan uji-guna di Indonesia menghasilkan temuan-temuan yang menarik menyangkut metode yang dipakai. Ditunjukkan bahwa metode penelitian uji-guna yang biasa dipakai seperti metode "think aloud" dikombinasi dengan observasi pada penggunacukup problematik di Indonesia. Jelas bahwametode uji-guna demikian tidak cocok untuk orang Indonesia karena mereka merasa tak enak melakukannya. Dalam artikel ini, kami merekomendasikan bahwa bila suatu uji-guna dilakukan dengan orang Indonesia, perlu dirumuskan metode yang dapat menarik mereka untuk berperan serta dan memberi rasa lebih nyaman. Penerimaan dan dan kesesuaian suatu metode penelitian perlu diperhitungkan bila menguji produk dengan peserta dari berbagai budaya yang berbeda.

It's a Small World After All: Western Usability Guidelines Predict Behavior of Chinese Users of On-Line Bookstores Yau, Josephine K.Y.; Hayward, William G.
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 3 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 3, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i3.4478

The present study examined whether Western usability guidelines apply to Chinese websites. Nielsen et al (2000) proposed a set of 207 usability guidelines derived from observations in the field. We took a subset of 48 rules, and looked at the compliance rate (number of guidelines a website complied with, divided by the total number of guidelines), task completion time, task accuracy, and users' perceived usability and likeability for four Chinese online bookstores. Results showed a clear relationship between adherence to the rules and usability of the site: as the website's compliance rate increased, so did the usability and the impression the web site received from its users. These results suggest that the rules governing behavior of Chinese users are similar to those of Western users. More generally, this study calls into question the widely-held intuition that usability for Asian websites should be different than usability for Western sites. Studi ini meneliti apakah pedoman penggunaan dari Barat berlaku juga untuk situs-situs jaringan (websites) China. Nielsen et al. (2000) mengumpulkan 207 pedoman penggunaan yang diperoleh dari observasi dilapangan. Kami mengambil subset dari 48 aturan, dan melihat padajumlah kepatuhan (jumlah pedoman yang cocok dengan suatu situs jaringan, dibagi jumlah total pedoman), waktu penyelesaian tugas, keakuratan tugas, dan kegunaan dan kesukaan yang dirasakan pemakai untuk empat toko buku China on-line. Hasil- hasil menunjukkan hubungan yang jelas antarakepatuhan pada aturan dan kegunaansitus: bilalaju kepatuhan padasitus jaringan meningkat, demikian pulakegunaan dan kesanyang diterimasitus jaringan dari penggunanya Hasil-hasil ini menyiratkan bahwa aturan yang mengatur perilaku pengguna China mirip dengan aturan untuk penggunaorang-orang Barat. Sebenarnya, studi ini mempertanyakan intuisi yang banyak diyakini bahwapenggunaan situs-situs jaringan untukorang-orang Asiaharus berbeda dari yang untuk orang-orang Barat.

Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Pemelajaran Terhadap Manfaat Pelatihan Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Peserta Pelatihan Sasongko, James Waskito
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 3 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 3, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i3.4479

Training outcome is determined simultaneously by specific learning factors, such as training materials, training instructors/trainers, training methods, trainee's interest. Training outcome is usually represented by the result of performance appraisal, but the fact shows that trainees perceive that good result of performance appraisal is not caused by training program. This study aims to find how the four learning factors above affect the result of training as perceived by the trainees. Using regression analysis for 65 samples of data, the result showed that the four learning factors gave significantly simultaneous effect to the training outcome as perceived by trainees. Training materials gave the most effective contribution to the training outcome, followed by individual interest, training method and training instructor/trainer. Manfaat pelatihan secara bersamaan dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor pemelajaran, meliputi materi pelatihan, penyampai materi (trainer), metode pelatihan dan Ketertarikan pribadi peserta pelatihan. Manfaat pelatihan biasanyadianggap terwakili oleh hasil penilaian kerja, tapi terdapat beberapa faktabahwapenilaian kerja menunjukan hasil yang bagus meskipun karyawan tidak merasa mendapat manfaat dari pelatihan, atau justru sebaliknya. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana keempat faktor tersebut mempengaruhi timbulnya manfaat pelatihan bagi peserta. Melalui analisis regresi terhadap data 65 sampel, terbukti bahwa keempat faktor tersebut secara bersamaan memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tercapainya manfaat pelatihan ditinjau dari perspektif peserta pelatihan; dengan kontribusi faktor materi memberikan paling tinggi pada manfaat pelatihan, disusul faktor ketertarikan individu, faktor metode dam kemudian faktor trainer.

Kemurungan dan Harga Diri di Kalangan Murid-Murid 'Latchkey' di Sekolah Kebangsaan di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Yusoff, Emi Yusmidar Md; Mahamood, Yahaya
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 3 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 3, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i3.4480

The relation between depression and self-esteem among average students reveals a negative correlation, though environmental factors are sometimes taken into account. This study examined children with rather "weary” conditions and because of that were studied to confirm the correlation between self-esteem and depression among latchkey children who were assumed having various problems. Controlled variables are gender, family's economic condition, and educational status. Students of an elementary school was randomly and stratified sampled to fill in3 forms: Children's Depression Inventory, Cooper smith Self-Esteem Inventory, and Self-Monitoring questionnaire. Pearson correlation reveals a negative correlation between depression and self-esteem among the latchkey children, although the percentage and proportion does not differ from non-latchkey children in other studies. The negative corelation was not affected by gender, family economic condition, and educational status, which were supported by t-test and ANOVA. This condition was supported by descriptive analyses and observation during the study, paying attention to the social support factors of the studied area. Hubungan antara kemurugan dan harga diri di kalangan murid biasa jelas memperlihatkan kenegatifan korelasi sekalipun faktor-faktor lingkungan kadang-kadang diperhitungkan. Kajian ini meninjau kanak-kanak yang dikatakan agak dalam “kepayahan” dan atas alasan itu dicoba dikonfirmasi sekali lagi hubungan harga diri dan kemurungan terutama di kalangan kanak-kanak yang tinggal di rumah tanpa pendampingan orang dewasa (latchkey) yang berkemungkinan besar menghadapi berbagai masalah. Beberapa variabel yang diperkirakan memberi kesan telah diuji adalah gender, taraf ekonomi keluarga dan perbedaan tahap pendidikan. Sejumlah murid sekolah rendah (N=150) telah dipilih secara acak berstrata untuk mengisi 3 borang angket: Children's Depression Inventory, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory dan Maklumat Diri. Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif diantara kemurungan dengan harga diri di kalangan murid yang tinggal di rumah tanpa pendampingan orang dewasa tetapi persentase atau proporsinya tidak berbeda bila dibandingkan dengan pelajar lainnya dalam kajian-kajian sebelum ini. Hubungan negative ini tidak dipengaruhi faktor-faktor gender, taraf ekonomi keluarga dan tahap pendidikan yang dikuatkan dengan uji-t dan ANOVA. Kedudukan ini didukung oleh analisis deskripsi dan observasi selama kajian dijalankan dengan memperhatikan peranan faktor dukungan sosial masyarakat di kawasan kajian.

Cross-Cultural Usability Testing: Defining Cultural Differences in Product Usage and User Needs Between Dutch and Indonesian Users Hariandja, Johanna; Daams, Brechtje
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 4 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i4.4481

In today's global economy, many products designed by European companies are sold worldwide. These products are used by different user groups in the world with different cultures who think and behave indifferent ways. Cross-cultural usability testing provides the key in defining the cultural differences in product usage and user needs between user groups. In this research, a cross-cultural usability testing of a European product is conducted between Dutch and Indonesian user groups by means of observation and interview. The participants are observed individually on how they use the product, what problems they experienced in using the product and their behavior in using the product and solving the problems they encountered. The usability testing is carried out using the think-aloud' method during the observation, which means that the participants are asked to speak about what they are doing and thinking when using the product. Comparing the results found, it can be concluded that Dutch and Indonesians use and perceive a product in a different way. The findings suggest that cross-cultural usability testing may be very useful when designing products for users with different cultures. It provides a competitive advantage for the companies when entering an international market to ensure equally usable products in different cultures. Dalam era ekonomi global, banyak produk yang dirancang oleh perusahaan Eropa dijual di seluruh dunia. Produk-produk tersebut dipakai oleh kelompok-kelompok penggunayang berbeda dengan budaya yang berbeda yang berpikir dan berperilaku berbeda pula. Uji-gunalintas-budaya merupakan kunci dalam menentukan perbedaan dalam penggunaan suatu produk dan kebutuhan pengguna di antara kelompok- kelompok pengguna. Dalam penelitian ini, suatu uji-gunalintas budaya dari sebuah produk Eropa dilakukan antara kelompok Belanda dan kelompok Indonesia dengan cara observasi dan wawancara. Para partisipan di observasi secara individual bagaimana mereka menggunakan produktersebut, dan bagaimana memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi. Uji guna ini dilakukan dengan metode “think-aloud” selama observasi, yang berarti bahwa para partisipan diminta untuk mengatakan apa yang dilakukan dan dipikirkan ketika menggunakan produk tersebut. Dengan membandingkan hasil-hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa orang Belanda dan orang Indonesia mempersepsi sebuah produk dengan carayang berbeda. Temuan-temuan menyiratkan bahwa uji-guna lintas budaya dapat amat bermanfaat bila merancang produk-produk untuk pengguna dengan berbagai budaya. Ini memberi manfaat kompetitif untuk perusahaan-perusahaan yang memasuki pasar internasional untuk menghasilkan produk-produk yang dapat dipakai sesuai budaya setempat.

Kepribadian dan Tingkah Laku Kriminal di Kalangan Remaja: Suatu Perspektif Psikologi Perkembangan Ismail, Khaidzir Hj; Anwar, Khairil
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 4 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i4.4482

This study was keen to look at personality traits and criminal phenomena amongst juvenile delinquents (N=80) through 16PF measurement, compared with the same traits of Moslem boarding school students (N=71) as a control group. This comparison was due to similarity in age, and transitional phase according to developmental psychology perspectives. This study also looks at the trait differences among the delinquents according to demographic factors and type of crimeanal act they did. Results from the statistic alt-test analysis, and transferring the mean score into the trait sten norm of 16PF, reveals no significant differences between the two groups reflected through the 16 PF profile. This proofs that whatever educational program they receive, either in rehabilitation centers or public schoo's, audioritics should take care of the adolescent developmental factors concerning the transitional phase and adolescent's identity turmoil. The identical characteristics among the two groups who were seeking their identity, should reme and teachers and parents to guide them fully, and the government's policy should help develop programs toward producing well educated adolescents with good morality. Kajian ini adalah suatu upaya untuk melihat fenomena kepribadian dan kriminalitas di kalangan narapidana remaja (N=80) dengan menggunakan alat Pengukuran 16PF dan disertai juga dengan mengukur kepribadian remaja pondok (N=71) sebagai grup kontrol untuk melihat trait kepribadian narapidana remaja dan perbandingannya dengan trait kepribadian remaja pondok Pembandingan ini beralasan sama-sama remaja yang hidup dalam jangka masa transisi dalam perspektif psikologi perkembangan manusia. Di samping itujugadilihat perbedaan traitdi kalangan narapidanaberdasarkan faktor demografi dan jenis kasus kriminalitas yang dilakukan. Dari analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji-t, serta dengan menukar skor rerata ke dalam sten score trait 16PF, tidak didapati perbedaan trait kepribadian yang signifikan yang ditayangkan melalui profil 16PF, di antara narapidana remaja dengan remaja pondok. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa apapun program pendidikan remaja , apakah didalam lembaga pemasyarakatan maupun sekolah biasa, para otoritas harus mempertimbangkan faktor perkembangan remaja yang hidup dalam masa transisi dan dalam gejolak keremajaan. Kesamaan kepribadian narapidana remaja dengan remaja pondok yang sedang mencari identitas seyogianya harus dibimbing penuh oleh guru guru dan ibu bapa serta kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah perlu membantu pengembangan program ke arah remaja yang berakhlak dan berilmu.

Penyesuaian Perkawinan Pasangan Suami-Istri Dewasa Muda Ditinjau Dari Kecerdasan Emosional dan Umur Perkawinan Wahyuningsih, Hepi
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 4 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i4.4483

The research is aimed at examining the role of emotional intelligence and length of marriage in predicting marital adjustment among married couples at young adulthood. Proposed hipothesis were: (1) There is relationship among emotional intelligence, length of marriage and marital adjustment for husbands; (2) There is relationship among emotional intelligence, length of marriage and marital adjustment for wives. The subjects of this research were 49 couples, in their first marriage, the average length of marriage was 8.9 years, 100%ofhusbands were employed and 55.1%ofwives were employed. All subjects had completed high school. The data collection was done using DAS (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) and Emotional Intelligence Scale. Hypothesis were tested by regression analysis . The results indicated that there was relationship among emotional intelligence, length of marriage and marital adjustment for husbands and wives. Emotional intelligence is an significant predictor of marital adjustment for husband (b= 324; p= .023< .05) and wives (b=.334; p=.019<.05). Length of marriage however is not a significant predictor for marital adjustment. It also was found that no differences among roles in marriage and employment status of wives in marital adjustment. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peran kecerdasan emosional dan umur perkawinan dalam memprediksi penyesuaian perkawinan yang dimiliki suami maupun istri pada masa dewasa muda. Subjek penelitian (N=49) adalah pasangan suami-istri, baru pertama kali menikah, rata-rata usia perkawinan 8,9 tahun, 55.1% istri bekerja, dan tingkat pendidikan subjek SMA ke atas. Data diperoleh dari Skala Penyesuaian Perkawinan dan Skala Kecerdasan Emosional, dan diuji dengan analisis regresi . Hasil-hasil menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dan usia perkawinan dengan penyesuaian perkawinan suami, dan antara kecerdasan emosional dan usia perkawinan dengan penyesuaian perkawinan istri. Kecerdasan emosional mampu menjadi prediktor baik bagi penyesuaian perkawinan suami maupun istri, sedangkan usia perkawinan tidak, baik pada suami maupun istri. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan penyesuaian perkawinan baik berdasarkan status istri maupun status dalam perkawinan. Didiskusikan juga mekanisme pertahanan ego dan sebab-sebab lain yang mendasari hasil-hasil terebut.

Efektivitas Metode Afirmasi Dalam Mereduksi Kecemasan Pada Penderita Kanker Leher Rahim Rahayu, Veronika Rika; Pramadi, Andrian
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 4 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i4.4485

In today's global economy, many products designed by European companies are sold worldwide. These products are used by different user groups in the world with different cultures who think and behave indifferent ways. Cross-cultural usability testing provides the key in defining the cultural differences in product usage and user needs between user groups. In this research, a cross-cultural usability testing of a European product is conducted between Dutch and Indonesian user groups by means of observation and interview. The participants are observed individually on how they use the product, what problems they experienced in using the product and their behavior in using the product and solving the problems they encountered. The usability testing is carried out using the think-aloud' method during the observation, which means that the participants are asked to speak about what they are doing and thinking when using the product. Comparing the results found, it can be concluded that Dutch and Indonesians use and perceive a product in a different way. The findings suggest that cross-cultural usability testing may be very useful when designing products for users with different cultures. It provides a competitive advantage for the companies when entering an international market to ensure equally usable products in different cultures. Efektivitas metode afirmasi dalam mereduksi kecemasan penderita kanker leher Rahim diuji melalui penelitian dengan desain one sample pre-test post-test. Subjek (N=2) adalah penderita kanker leher rahim stadium 2, dikenai perlakuan berupametode afirmasi, dua kali sehari, selama dua minggu. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan analisisnon-parametrik Wilcoxon. Hasil-hasil menunjukkan metode afirmatif kurang efektif untuk mereduksi tingkat kecemasan penderita kanker leher rahim, terutama pada kondisi yang tidak dapat dikendalikan individu, sertisikap dan dukungan suami, keluarga, dan masyarakat. Disarankan metode afimasi dikenakan pada objek kecemasan yang secara langsung berkaitan dengan diri individu, seperti kecemasan terhadap kematian.

Pengambilan Putusan Pindah Kerja (Studi Deskriptif Proses Pengambilan Putusan Karyawan yang Pernah Pindah Kerja) Supriyanto; Santoso, Guritnaningsih A.
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 4 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i4.4486

Decision to move to other job (turnover) is a complex process as the individual needs to consider some alternatives before he/she decides whether to keep or leave his/her current job. This study is done to get a picture about (a) the process of decision making to move to other job based on Mobley's model of decision making process (1977), and (b)their satisfaction as a result of the decision. Quantitative method is used (as dominant component) in combination with qualitative method (as less dominant component). Attitude scale and questionnaire were used in the quantitative method whereas focus interview was used in the qualitative method. From the participants (N=40) involved in the quantitative method, 3 of them were taken for the qualitative inquiries. The result shows that only 55.5%of the participants pass through all levels of Mobley's model of decision making process. Those who follow all the level of decision making process feel satisfied with their decision to turnover to the new job. Putusan untuk pindah kerja (turnover) merupakan suatu proses yang kompleks, membutuhkan berbagai alternatif dan pertimbangan untuk sampai pada putusan apakah akan tetap bertahan pada pekerjaan yang sedang digeluti, atau pindah kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai (a) proses (tahap-tahap) yang dilalui individu dalam mengambil putusan pindah kerja dengan mengacu pada model proses pengambilan putusan pindah kerja yang dikemukakan oleh Mobley (1977), dan (b) kepuasan yang dirasakan sebagai hasil putusan pindah kerja Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengombinasikan pendekatan kuantitatif (sebagai komponen dominan) dan pendekatan kualitatif (sebagai komponen kurang dominan). Untuk pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan pengukuran dengan skala sikap dan kuesioner, sedangkan untuk pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan wawancara terfokus. Sampel (N=40) untuk pendekatan kuantitatif , 3 orang diantaranya dilibatkan dalam pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwahanya 55.5% subjek penelitian yang melalui semua tahapan pengambilan putusan pindah kerjayang dikemukakan Mobey (1977). Mereka yang mengikuti semua tahapan proses pengambilan putusan pindah kerja cenderung merasa puas terhadap putusan untuk pindah kerja.

Memotret Cara Berpikir dari Teori Mental Self-Government (Sebuah Studi Validasi Lintas-Budaya) Aditomo, Anindito
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 20 No 4 (2005): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 20, No. 4, 2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v20i4.4487

This article reports the results of a literature review and empirical investigation to evaluate the cross-cultural internal validity of the Thinking Styles Inventory and the mental self-government theory (Sternberg, 2002), which is influential but also criticized as based on a weak construct. The main question was whether the interrelationships between thinking styles and the underlying factor structure consistent with the mental self-government theory. This question was investigated using correlational analysis and factor analysis of data from 562 undergraduate students from five faculties in the University of Surabaya. The latent factors obtained were not consistent with its theory. Results also pointed out to other weaknesses of the inventory and theory, including the issue of bipolarity and contextual nature of thinking styles. As an alternative, two new dimensions or types of thinking are proposed: the creative-critical and the practical-conformist thinking styles. Tulisan ini melaporkan hasil kajian pustaka dan penelitian empiris untuk mengevaluasi validitas internal lintas-budaya Inventori Gaya Berpikir dan teori mental self-government (Sternberg, 2002), yang di satu sisi cukup berpengaruh, namun di sisi lain dipandang memilii konstruk yang lemah. Pertanyaan utama dalam studi ini adalah: apakah gaya berpikir saling terkait dan memiliki dimensionalitas sesuai logika teori mental self-government (MSG)? Pertanyaan ini dijawab melalui analisis korelasional dan faktor atas data dari 562 mahasiswa lima fakultas di Universitas Surabaya. Faktor laten yang muncul tidak sejalan dengan yang diajukan oleh teori MSG. Hasil analisis juga memberi petunjuk pada beberapa kelemahan lain teori dan alat ukur ini. Sebagai altematif, dimunculkan dua tipe atau dimensi baru, yakni polaberpikir kreatif-inovatif dan pola berpikir praktis-konformis.

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Dr. Ide Bagus Siaputra

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+62312981246

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Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya Jalan Raya Rungkut Mejoyo (Raya Kali Rungkut), Surabaya, East Java, 60293

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Jawa timur

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