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A. Grummy Wailanduw
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jurnalotopro@unesa.ac.id
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Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya Gedung A6 Kampus UNESA Ketintang Surabaya 60231 Telp. (031) 8299487, Fax. (031) 8292957
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Otopro
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : 1858411X     EISSN : 26857863     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/1026740/otopro
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Automotive Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Jurnal Otopro diterbitkan 2 (dua) kali setahun yaitu bulan Mei dan November oleh Jurusan Teknik Mesin, FT-UNESA, sebagai media informasi dan forum kajian masalah ilmu Teknik Mesin. Berisi tentang tulisan ilmiah, ringkasan hasil penelitian, pembahasan kepustakaan dan gagasan kritis yang orisinil. Redaksi mengundang para ahli, praktisi, dan siapa saja yang berminat untuk menyumbangkan tulisan yang belum pernah diterbitkan dalam media cetak lain, tema tulisan meliputi: Permesinan, Konversi Energi, Material dan Metalurgi, Manufaktur, Rancang Bangun Mesin
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 171 Documents
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PENGARUH KECEPATAN PENGELASAN MIG TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR PATAHAN MAKRO PADA SAMBUNGAN ALUMINIUM Kris Witono; Talifatim Machfuroh; Lisa Agustriyana; Siti Duratun Nasiqiati Rosady
Otopro Vol 21 No 1 Nov 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n1.p6-12

Abstract

MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding is a welding process that uses rolled electrodes which are the same as the base metal and uses a protective gas.  Aluminum is one of the most commonly used metals in the industrial world. Connecting aluminum by welding is a challenge in itself because of its high heat conductivity. This is why a lot of research has been carried out on welding aluminum. This research aims to investigate the effect of travel speed on the tensile strength and macro structure of welds from the robotic welding process. The research was carried out using experimental methods and observing the macro structure of the fracture results. The research results, it was found that changes in welding speed (travel speed) in the aluminum MIG welding process showed a decreasing trend in maximum tensile strength. The highest tensile strength was obtained at the TS variation of 40 mm/minute, while at TS 70 mm/minute the tensile strength was lower. The higher the welding speed, the lower the resulting tensile strength. This is due to reduced heat applied which affects weld penetration and metal joining. A lower welding speed results in better penetration and higher tensile strength, but a speed that is too slow can cause overheating and damage the metal micro structure. The macro structure of the fracture, it was found that higher welding speeds cause fractures that tend to be brittle with defects such as porosity, which can also reduce tensile strength
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN OLI MINERAL, SEMI SINTETIK DAN FULL SINTETIK TERHADAP PENINGKATAN SUHU MESIN MOTOR 4 LANGKAH MANUAL BERKAPASITAS 125 CC Muhamad Ikmal Fawaz; Anggara Sukma Ardiyanta; Emdi Ramadana Putra
Otopro Vol 21 No 1 Nov 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n1.p1-5

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of mineral, semi-synthetic, and full-synthetic engine oils on temperature rise in a 125cc four-stroke motorcycle engine. A quantitative experimental method was applied using three lubricants: AHM MPX 1 (mineral), Mobil Super Moto (semi-synthetic), and AHM SPX 1 (full-synthetic). Tests were conducted on a Honda Supra X 125cc KPH-type engine running at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes from an initial temperature of 40°C. Temperature was measured using a Habotest HT-9829 digital infrared thermometer, while engine speed was monitored with a digital tachometer. One-way ANOVA analysis produced an F-value of 50.293 and a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating significant differences among oil types. The full-synthetic oil yielded the lowest average temperature rise (37.6°C), followed by semi-synthetic (40.5°C) and mineral oil (42.5°C). The results show that lubricant type affects thermal stability, with full-synthetic oil providing superior temperature control.
STUDI AERODINAMIKA KENDARAAN LISTRIK VU-EV DENGAN PENDEKATAN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) Imanuel Timotius Arifin; Ferly Isnomo Abdi; Aji Nugroho; Lailatus Sa’diyah Yuniar Arifianti; Chaska Akhila Ade Diandra
Otopro Vol 21 No 1 Nov 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n1.p22-29

Abstract

This research analyzes the aerodynamic characteristics of the VU-EV electric vehicle using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The study evaluates airflow patterns, pressure distribution, and wake formation at three speeds (20 km/h, 25 km/h, and 30 km/h), aiming to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency and performance of a six-passenger electric golf car equipped with solar panels.The simulation results indicate that higher speeds result in more turbulent airflow, greater pressure differentials between the front and rear, and increased aerodynamic drag. For future studies, improvements in body design—especially at the rear—and the addition of aerodynamic devices are recommended to minimize drag, alongside experimental validation to ensure simulation accuracy and wider applicability for the development of sustainable vehicles.
PERANCANGAN CYLINDER CATCHPOT VACUUM INFUSION SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBUAT KOMPOSIT SERAT KARBON Firman Yasa Utama; Mohammad Irfan; Annisa Kesy Garside; Andita Nataria F.G.; Ferly Isnomo Abdi
Otopro Vol 21 No 1 Nov 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n1.p30-37

Abstract

The use of metal or steel in a variety of applications has begun to be replaced by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). Some of the advantages of CFRP include mechanical strength almost equal to, and sometimes exceeding, that of metal materials. One innovation in the manufacture of carbon fibre composites is the vacuum infusion method. Resin is drawn into the mould under suction pressure from a vacuum pump. Excess resin is drained from the mould through a hose and collected in a container, which also serves to control the vacuum pressure in the mould before it enters the pump. Previously, the catchpot was made of square-shaped iron with permanently welded joints, resulting in unstable suction pressure. Additionally, the resin's fast curing properties made cleaning difficult, leading to blockages in the hose over time. These issues highlight the need for a vacuum infusion design that is easy to open and close, easy to control and leak-proof. In this study, a research and development (R&D) approach was taken. The design process for the Cylinder Catchpot Vacuum Infusion begins with the design, calculation, and design stages, and ends with functional testing. The design process takes into account dimensions and the motor power required to use ¼HP for a 1-liter catchpot. The component is manufactured through the manufacturing stage and undergoes functional testing, where the Cylinder Catchpot Vacuum Infusion tool detects no leaks in the circuit, ensuring stable pressure, and ensuring proper resin distribution throughout the fibers, ensuring no voids in the composite
DESIGN OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) BASED BEARING MONITORING TOOL Yudi Siswanto; Agus Salim Opu; Ika Nurjannah; Henly Pakiding
Otopro Vol 21 No 1 Nov 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n1.p13-21

Abstract

Bearing failure is one of the main causes of operational disruptions in mechanical systems due to the lack of continuous condition monitoring. Early detection of vibration and temperature increases is essential to prevent downtime and reduce maintenance costs. This study aims to design and develop a bearing condition monitoring prototype based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using the Research and Development (R&D) approach. The system employs an Arduino Uno and NodeMCU ESP8266 as the main controllers, a piezoelectric sensor to detect vibration, and an MLX90614 infrared sensor to measure the bearing surface temperature. The measured data are transmitted in real time to the ThingSpeak platform for remote visualization and analysis. Experimental testing over three hours showed an average vibration of 7.25 Hz and an average temperature of 35.87 °C, where the condition indicators on the LED and LCD operated according to the predefined thresholds. The system successfully provided early warnings of potential bearing failure through continuous parameter monitoring. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of low-cost multi-sensor technology with the ThingSpeak platform for real-time, end-to-end bearing condition monitoring, supporting the concept of predictive maintenance.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON OTTO ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH VARIATIONS IN COMPRESSION RATIO AND GASOLINE OCTANE Bahtiar Rahmat; Irwan Setyo Prabowo; Yuris Bahadur Wirawan; Fahmy Zuhda Bahtiar
Otopro Vol 21 No 2 May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n2.p60-68

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the effect of compression ratio variation and gasoline octane number on the performance of spark-ignition internal combustion engines. The experimental object was a single-cylinder 124 cc motorcycle engine with an original compression ratio of 9.6:1. The compression ratio was increased to 10.6:1 by reducing the cylinder height by 0.6 mm. Performance testing was carried out using a dynamometer with two types of fuel, RON 88 and RON 92. Octane number 92 was selected based on fuel availability, while octane number 88 was used to evaluate engine performance under an increased compression ratio. A cylinder wall length reduction of 0.6 mm was applied as the maximum allowable limit, beyond which cylinder head modification would be required. The performance parameters evaluated were torque and brake power over an engine speed range of 4000–7000 rpm. The results indicate that increasing the compression ratio from 9.6:1 to 10.6:1 improved engine torque and brake power by approximately 3.8% to 4%. Meanwhile, the use of higher-octane gasoline (RON 92) increased performance by only about 2% to 2.4%, and only when used in the higher compression engine. In contrast, using high-octane fuel in a low-compression engine resulted in reduced performance due to ignition delay. Overall, the optimal performance was achieved when a high compression ratio was paired with high-octane fuel. Therefore, selecting an appropriate octane rating according to the engine compression ratio is essential to achieve optimal combustion efficiency, brake power output, and torque response.
SIMULATION OF FATIGUE AND DEFORMATION OF CARBON FIBER DRONE PROPELLERS USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) Syaiful Arif
Otopro Vol 21 No 2 May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n2.p51-59

Abstract

This study analyses finite elements in the structural calculation of a drone propeller in carbon fiber with loads that represent live use. The output of this study evaluates the effect of load variations on deformation, stress distribution, and safety factors as key indicators of structural performance. A three-dimensional propeller model is developed based on the actual geometric configuration and analysed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Several loadings are considered: a base load with a total mass of 3.6 kg, and two additional loading conditions with increasing masses of 0.5kg and 0.75kg. The applied loads are converted into equivalent forces distributed along the propeller blades to simulate realistic operating conditions. Simulations show that increasing the applied load causes a proportional increase in the maximum deformation and a significant reduction in the minimum safety factor. The maximum deformation increases from 14.933mm at the base load to 18.044mm at the highest load. The blade tip is consistently identified as a critical region, where the highest deformation and stress concentration occur due to bending-dominated behaviour. The safety factor ranges from 0.51341 to 0.42489 as the load increases, indicating a decrease in structural safety. Fatigue loading is mentioned, this study addresses fatigue qualitatively based on stress concentration and safety factor trends, as explicit S–N curve data, load cycle definitions, and mean stress corrections are not included. The results emphasize the importance of structural optimization and accurate material modelling to improve the reliability and durability of carbon fiber drone propellers under various load conditions.
DESIGN OF A LIFTER FOR HORIZONTAL CHAMBER MACHINE IN A LEAF SPRING PRODUCTION LINE: A CASE STUDY AT PT. XYZ Ahmad Saepuddin; Rachman Arya Syahputra
Otopro Vol 21 No 2 May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n2.p69-77

Abstract

PT. XYZ is an automotive manufacturing company that produces leaf springs. One of the machines used in the leaf spring forming process is a Horizontal Chamber Machine that works by pressing. In its operation, this machine requires a lifter to assist in the transfer of leaf springs and reduce the risk of workplace accidents. The lifter has a frame component that functions as the main structure in supporting the load during the lifting and lowering of the leaf spring. Therefore, it is necessary to design a lifter frame that is safe and capable of withstanding the working load that occurs during the production process. This study aims to design and evaluate the strength of the lifter frame to ensure its safety in operational use. There are three variations of frame designs differentiated by material thickness, namely 10 mm, 12 mm, and 14 mm. The simulation results show that the maximum stress in frame design 1 is 24 MPa, frame design 2 is 16 MPa, and frame design 3 is 12 MPa. The strain values for each design are 0.000066, 0.000048, and 0.000036, while the displacement maximum values are 0.026 mm, 0.016 mm, and 0.016 mm. The safety factors obtained are 11, 15, and 19, respectively. The fatigue life value for all frame designs is  cycles. Based on these simulation results, frame design 1 is declared to have met the strength and safety criteria required for use in the production process
EFFECT OF SECTION THICKNESS ON NODULAR GRAPHITE FORMATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DUCTILE CAST IRON Moch Chamim; Edi Sarwono; Haikal Haikal; Margono Margono
Otopro Vol 21 No 2 May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n2.p43-50

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of section thickness on the microstructure and mechanical response of Ductile Cast Iron (DCI) using specimens with thicknesses of specimen 20, 40, and 60 mm. Optical microscopy reveals a ferrite-pearlite matrix with spherical graphite, where the graphite nodules exhibit a tendency toward larger size and greater heterogeneity with increasing section thickness. The measured nodule diameters are approximately 17-20 µm (20 mm), 21-22 µm (40 mm), and 15-26 µm (60 mm), indicating thickness-driven changes in solidification/cooling conditions that promote graphite hardening in thicker sections. Mechanical testing shows a consistent decrease in hardness with increasing thickness: 246.8 VHN (specimen 20 mm), 226.75 VHN (specimen 40 mm), and 204.8 VHN (specimen 60 mm). Impact test results show a non-monotonic trend, increasing from 0.02 (specimen 20 mm) to 0.049 (specimen 40 mm) and slightly decreasing to 0.045 (specimen 60 mm). The highest impact value at specimen 40 mm indicates an optimal balance between matrix hardness and toughness at intermediate thicknesses, while the slight decrease at specimen 60 mm despite the lower hardness may be related to increased graphite size heterogeneity and microstructural nonuniformity in thicker sections. Overall, thickness significantly affects graphite morphology and the hardness toughness trade off in DCI, with 40 mm sections providing the most favorable toughness in this data set.
EVALUATION OF INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE QUALITY OF BRAKE FLUID RESERVOIR CAP PRODUCTS USING MOLDFLOW SIMULATION Adinda Rahmah Shalihah; Aditya Bagja Subarkah; Farras Novyansyah; Irfan Fadillah; Ammar Fathi Muhadzab; Hafizh Maulana Alfath; Ulima Adristi Azis; Hikari Qurrata’ain Nurhadi
Otopro Vol 21 No 2 May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n2.p78-84

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of melt temperature and mold surface temperature variations on the quality of the motorcycle brake fluid reservoir cap using Autodesk Fusion simulation. Three parameter variations were applied: 260°C/80°C, 220°C/50°C, and 180°C/20°C, while other process parameters were kept constant. The evaluation focused on fill confidence, weld lines, sink marks, and warpage. The results show that all conditions achieved 100% fill confidence with a filling time of 0.53 seconds. However, higher temperatures reduced weld lines but increased sink marks and warpage. Conversely, lower temperatures minimized deformation but increased the number of visual defects. The medium temperature condition provided the best balance between visual quality and dimensional stability. Therefore, the 220°C/50°C condition is recommended as optimal

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