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A. Grummy Wailanduw
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Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya Gedung A6 Kampus UNESA Ketintang Surabaya 60231 Telp. (031) 8299487, Fax. (031) 8292957
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Otopro
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : 1858411X     EISSN : 26857863     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/1026740/otopro
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Automotive Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Jurnal Otopro diterbitkan 2 (dua) kali setahun yaitu bulan Mei dan November oleh Jurusan Teknik Mesin, FT-UNESA, sebagai media informasi dan forum kajian masalah ilmu Teknik Mesin. Berisi tentang tulisan ilmiah, ringkasan hasil penelitian, pembahasan kepustakaan dan gagasan kritis yang orisinil. Redaksi mengundang para ahli, praktisi, dan siapa saja yang berminat untuk menyumbangkan tulisan yang belum pernah diterbitkan dalam media cetak lain, tema tulisan meliputi: Permesinan, Konversi Energi, Material dan Metalurgi, Manufaktur, Rancang Bangun Mesin
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 165 Documents
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PENGARUH TEMPERATUR PEMANASAN DAN MEDIA PENDINGINAN PADA PROSES FLAME HARDENING TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN PADA BAJA S45C Machfuroh, Talifatim; Lostari, Aini; Ulum, Miftahul; Pramartaningthyas, Ellys Kumala
Otopro Vol 20 No 1 Nov 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n1.p1-6

Abstract

Sprocket is one of the main components in two-wheeled vehicles that transfer the rotary force from the engine to the rear wheels of the motorcycle. Because of this main function, the sprocket wears out faster due to friction between the chain and the sprocket. Therefore, a heat treatment process is needed to improve the mechanical properties of steel to make it more resistant to friction. Based on this background, this research focuses on the effect of temperature and cooling media on the hardness level of the material that receiving heat treatment in the form of flame hardening. The material used is S45C steel. The heat treatment process is carried out on steel with heating temperatures of 750º C and 850º C. After being heated, the steel will be quenched quickly with cooling media in the form of fresh water and turalic oil 48 ISO VG 46. Next, the hardness analysis process is carried out on the test object. From the results of the hardness test, it was found that the highest average hardness value was produced by the test object which underwent a flame hardening process at a temperature of 850 oC with fresh water cooling medium, which was 335.333 HB. Fresh water cooling media tends to produce higher hardness values ​​than turalic oil. This is because the cooling rate of fresh water is faster than oil.
THE EFFECT OF SHIELDING GAS ON SURFACE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AFTER THE GMAW WELDING Catrawedarma, IGNB; Rosi, Azriel Alfito Dela; Wahid, M. Abdul; Pamuji, Dian Ridlo; Sari, Eli Novita; Fiveriati, Anggra
Otopro Vol 20 No 1 Nov 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n1.p17-23

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the strength and results of welded joints by testing non-destructive and destructive tests using CO2 and argon shielding gases. The type of welding used was gas metal arc welding with SS400 steel material. After welding, the material was tested using liquid penetrant, porosity, tensile, and bending tests. The results were that CO2 shielding gas tended to have a convex and wide shape, while the welding results from argon gas tended to have a small and flat shape. In both shielding gases, there were defects in undercuts, lack of fusion, and spatter after the liquid penetrant test. The porosity test results have circular spots and irregular lines with holes. The average tensile strength value obtained from argon shielding gas was 255.761 MPa, and CO2 shielding gas produced an average value of 219.671 MPa. The bending strength of the material with argon shielding gas obtained an average value of 729.00 MPa and CO2 gas shielding an average value of 611.99 MPa.
RANCANG BANGUN RANGKA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK PORTABLE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BAYU DAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA Siswanto, Yudi; Amiruddin, Amiruddin; Nurjannah, Ika; Khair, Miftahul
Otopro Vol 20 No 1 Nov 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n1.p31-37

Abstract

Electrical energy sources have developed rapidly today in order to minimize the use of fuel oil which is currently decreasing in number and the distribution of electricity from PLN to the community which is not evenly distributed. The use of renewable and environmentally friendly energy will provide a solution when compared to the use fuels fossil  such as coal which will soon run out, it is also known that Indonesia is a coastal country with abundant wind speed and sunlight potential. Therefore, this study aims to create a power generator by utilizing the potential of solar power plant (PLTS) and wind power plant (PLTB) energy sources by adding a portable system is designed using solidworks. In the process of making this tool, planning is carried out to make a design, design determines the tools and materials used, the work process, cutting hollow iron according to the specified size, welding, and installation of windmills. The size of this power plant is 1330mm long, 600mm wide and 700mm high. The results of the portable power plant test using a 15W capacity lamp obtained the highest results at 11.05VDC PLTS and the highest voltage at 2.45VDC PLTB. In addition, this study also carried out a safety factor simulation on the power plant frame from the simulation results obtained as follows in part one stress value (vonmises) 9.873e-08N/m2, displacement 3.930e-04 mm, strain 4.637e+04 N/m2, and safety factor 1.741, In the frame section two stress (vonmises) 5.554e-04N/m2, displacement 3.098e-00mm, strain 9.488e-08N/m2, and safety factor 3.6.
ANALISA VARIASI UKURAN RUNNER SYSTEM DAN MELT TEMPERATURE TERHADAP FILL TIME, CONFIDENCE OF FILL DAN QUALITY PREDICTION Ellianto, Mario Sariski Dwi; Wibowo, Midarto Dwi; Wirakusuma, Kadex Widhy
Otopro Vol 20 No 2 Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n2.p51-55

Abstract

The technology used in making plastic products is injection molding technology. In general, the products obtained are notof good quality, so simulations need to be carried out to determine the correct production process parameters. This research focuseson determining the effect of variations in runner system size and variations in melt temperature on the optimal fill time, confidence offill, and quality prediction for tensile test specimen products. This research uses a simulation approach with the help of software. Thesimulation method is used to determine the characteristics of each variation in runner size and melt temperature. The type of runnerlayout used is a grid layout type, the runner system type is H balance, and the cross-section type is circle-shaped. Variations in runnersize use runner diameters of 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. Variations in melt temperature use values of 190°C, 200°C, and 210°C. Thesimulations carried out include fill time analysis, confidence of fill analysis, and quality prediction analysis. Simulation results of filltime, confidence of fill and quality prediction at a runner diameter of 2 mm and melt temperature of 210°C yielded optimal values of0.7524 s, 100% and 95.1%, respectively. These conditions ensured that the molten polymer remained in a fully flowable state untilcomplete cavity filling was achieved, thereby minimizing the risk of defects and enhancing cycle time efficiency. An increase in runnersize results in reduced flow resistance of the molten material, while the melt temperature remains within the process conditionsrecommended by the material manufacturer.
PENGARUH DIAMETER NOZZLE DAN PANJANG CABLE TERHADAP CYCLE TIME PADA MESIN AUTOMATIC CABLE TERMINAL YANG DIMODIFIKASI Ubaidillah, Muhammad; Dani, Agus
Otopro Vol 20 No 2 Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n2.p67-73

Abstract

Automatic Cable Terminal Machine is an automatic machine used to cut and process electrical materials, this machine is used by automotive companies to make wiring harnesses. This machine is able to cut raw materials with high precision and optimal speed. In changing the nozzle this machine is modified from manual to semi-automatic to make the machine more optimal. Cycle time is the time required to complete one cycle of cutting operations, from preparation to completion. Cycle time efficiency is very important because it has a direct impact on productivity and production costs. Therefore, optimising cycle time is the main focus in machine research and modification. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect and interaction of nozzle change and cable length on cycle time on a modified Automatic Cable Terminal machine. The research method used was experimental by varying the independent variables of nozzle diameter (15mm, 17mm and 19mm) and cable length (1400mm, 2200mm and 3500mm) with factorial anova data processing method using statistical software. The results showed that the change of nozzle and cable length affected the cycle time and the combination of parameters resulted in an optimal cycle time with high desirability. Nozzle diameter of 15 and cable length of 1400 mm resulted in a cycle of 381.2 seconds with desirability almost close to 1 (0.943590) which indicates that this solution is very good.
PENGARUH JENIS ELEKTRODA TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK HASIL PENGELASAN SMAW MATERIAL BAJA ST 42 Armika, I Putu; Nugraha, I Nyoman Pasek; Widayana, Gede
Otopro Vol 20 No 2 Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n2.p56-61

Abstract

SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding) is an activity carried out in the joining process which has a metal base material. The purpose of the study was to analyze the tensile strength results, and to determine the microstructure of the strongest electrode. using three types of electrodes RB-26, RD-250 and LB-52U electrode diameter 2.6mm on ST37 steel plate with ASTM E8 specimens with a length of 200mm, a width of 20mm and a thickness of 3mm. SMAW welding process with a welding current of 95A, with a position of 1G (flat). This study uses a descriptive quantitative statistical data processing method of experiments using Microsoft Excel software. From the results of the study there is a significant influence on the tensile strength of the three electrode variations. The highest tensile strength results are shown in the RD-260 electrode with a tensile strength of 513.28MPa and the lowest is the LB-260 electrode with a tensile strength of 478.09MPa. The results of microstructure testing with 200x and 400x measurements show that pearlite is the most abundant in the RB-26 electrode and ferrite is the most abundant in the RD-260 electrode. From the tensile test and microstructure test, there is a mutually influencing relationship that the highest tensile strength is the RD-260 electrode type, proven by the greater dominance of ferrite which is softer and more ductile. This finding indicates that the selection of electrode type plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties of the welding results.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TIMING INJEKSI MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI BAHAN BAKAR PERTAMAX DAN ETANOL TERHADAP PERFORMA MOTOR MATIC 110CC Bahri, Saiful; Fahruddin, Arasy; Tjahjanti, Prantasi Harmi; Iswanto, Iswanto
Otopro Vol 20 No 2 Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n2.p44-50

Abstract

The application of ethanol as an alternative fuel needs to be continuously studied to face the energy crisis and environmental crisis. This study aims to determine the comparison of injection timing using pertamax and ethanol variations on torque, power, and efficiency in a 110cc automatic motorbike. Testing was carried out experimentally with variations in the percentage of pertamax ethanol mixture of: 15:85, 30:70, 45:55, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20. Injection timing was modified using ECM software. Torque and power testing used a dynotest tool. The test results showed that power increased by 1.01 kW in the E45 mixture compared to standard timing, with SFC reaching 0.125 kg/kWh.
KONSTRUKSI KOMPOR BRIKET BATUBARA UNTUK EFISIENSI INDUSTRI KECIL DAN MENENGAH Subiantoro, Irfan; Trilaksono, Ardhian; Syarif, Ahmad Bazi
Otopro Vol 20 No 2 Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n2.p62-66

Abstract

Small and Medium Industry is an industry that operates in the field of processing raw materials into products that can increase sales value. In the industrial world, business actors are required to process raw materials in large quantities and can reduce costs to make them cheaper. Coal briquette stoves that exist in society have many shortcomings, therefore researchers will make a coal briquette stove by changing the capacity of the briquette fuel container, designing temperature settings, and setting the ideal stove height. With increasing energy needs and the high price of fossil fuels, coal briquette stoves offer a more affordable alternative for small and medium enterprises (IKM) and are more environmentally friendly. This design explains the process of making a stove, from selecting raw materials to optimal design for industrial use. Apart from that, this article also examines the performance and efficiency of stoves in real applications, as well as their benefits in reducing emissions and increasing the productivity of Small and Medium Industries (IKM). The results show that the use of coal briquette stoves not only reduces operational costs but also supports environmental sustainability so that it is feasible to be widely implemented in the Small and Medium Industry (IKM) sector
PEMODELAN DINAMIKA FLUIDA PADA FUEL INJECTOR MOTOR BENSIN 4 LANGKAH Khambali, Khambali; Fadhilah, Intan; Hartono, Moh; Farida, Nike Nur
Otopro Vol 20 No 2 Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v20n2.p38-43

Abstract

This study aims to model fluid dynamics in the fuel injector of a four-stroke gasoline engine, with a focus on the relationship between fluid pressure and flow rate. The size of the fuel droplet is a key factor that affects combustion efficiency. Droplet size can be controlled through the regulation of injection speed and pressure. In this study, data on injection speed and pressure were collected using an injector tester, injector plunger, and fuel pump tester pressure gauge. The data show that at a higher injection speed (80 m/s), the fuel droplet diameter decreases more rapidly, producing smaller droplets and enhancing combustion efficiency. A similar pattern was observed at higher injection pressures (50 bar), where the droplets atomized more quickly, allowing for a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. The results illustrate that both higher injection speed and pressure support a more efficient atomization process, reduce emissions, and improve engine efficiency. This study concludes that proper regulation of injection speed and pressure is crucial to optimize engine performance and reduce exhaust emissions. The findings can be used to design more efficient fuel injection systems and provide recommendations for the development of future injection technologies
PERANCANGAN TABUNG REAKTOR DESTILASI MICROWAVE-ASSISTED HYDRO DISTILLATION SKALA INDUSTRI RUMAHAN Yudha, Sabdha Purna; Setyorini, Dwi; Syafaatullah, Achmad Qodim
Otopro Vol 21 No 1 Nov 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/otopro.v21n1.p38-42

Abstract

This study presents an innovative design of a reactor vessel for Microwave-Assisted Hydro Distillation (MAHD), optimized for household-scale essential oil production. MAHD, as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional distillation methods, was applied through a newly designed reactor that emphasizes heat transfer optimization and energy efficiency. The reactor was constructed from stainless steel 304 with a capacity of 30–50 liters, integrated with a microwave heating system (500–2000 W), and equipped with a copper pipe condenser. Experimental results demonstrated an increase in essential oil yield of up to 30% compared to conventional hydrodistillation, with extraction times significantly reduced (reaching 100 °C in less than 15 minutes at 1000 W). Further analysis identified optimal operating conditions at 450 W with a feed-to-solvent (F/S) ratio of 0.35 g/mL. This design provides a significant solution for enhancing the efficiency of essential oil production in household industries, with potential implications for reducing energy consumption and improving product quality.

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