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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENGARUH AIR KELAPA TERHADAP MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS IN VITRO, PRODUKSI RIMPANG, DAN KANDUNGAN XANTHORRHIZOL TEMULAWAK DI LAPANGAN NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA; SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.125-134

Abstract

ABSTRAKLangkah antisipatif pemenuhan kebutuhan massal benih temulawakdilakukan dengan perbanyakan secara in vitro menggunakan mediumtumbuh yang murah mengandung air kelapa. Penelitian bertujuan untukmenganalisis kandungan kimia air kelapa dan peranannya dalam multi-plikasi tunas temulawak in vitro, serta pengaruhnya terhadap produksirimpang dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Mei2009 sampai Agustus 2010 di Laboratorium dan Kebun Percobaan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat; serta Balai Besar Penelitian danPengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian. Air kelapa yang digunakan berasaldari kelapa muda (7-8 bulan) dan kelapa tua berumur (10-12 bulan).Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap, terdiri atas 4 kegiatan. Pertama,analisis zat pengatur tumbuh, vitamin dan mineral dalam air kelapamenggunakan metode HPLC. Kedua, pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa (0,5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25%) terhadap multiplikasi tunas temulawak in vitro.Kegiatan dirancang secara acak kelompok, 3 ulangan. Pengamatanmeliputi parameter pertumbuhan. Ketiga, aklimatisasi dan kandunganklorofil tanaman hasil in vitro. Keempat, pertumbuhan dan produksirimpang benih temulawak in vitro dalam pot berisi media tanah + pasir dananalisis kandungan xanthorrizolnya. Rancangan penelitian acak kelompok,3 ulangan, dan parameter pengamatan karakter pertumbuhan, produksirimpang, dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa air kelapa mengandung kinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral dansumber karbon yang berguna untuk multiplikasi tunas in vitro. Kandungankimia air kelapa muda lebih tinggi dibanding air kelapa tua. Mediumtumbuh mengandung air kelapa 15% terbaik dalam merangsang pertum-buhan tunas in vitro (rata-rata 4,6 jumlah tunas per botol selama periodeawal pertumbuhan (8 minggu) sehingga dijadikan sebagai standar perba-nyakan. Bibit temulawak hasil perbanyakan in vitro tumbuh baik (72%)pada masa aklimatisasi, walaupun sebagian kecil ada yang menguning.Kandungan klorofil a, b, dan total klorofil temulawak asal kultur in vitrolebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang konvensional, dan bentukrimpangnya normal. Poduksi rimpang generasi awal (Vo) mencapai rata-rata 320,2g, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rimpang konvensional(800,5g). Kandungan xanthorrhizol temulawak hasil kultur in vitro lebihrendah dibandingkan rimpang konvensional. Hasil penelitian mengindi-kasikan potensi air kelapa sebagai zat pengatur tumbuh alami padatemulawak in vitro.Kata kunci: air kelapa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, xanthorrhizol,hasilABSTRACTAnticipated step for Java turmeric seed massal fulfillment wasconducted by in vitro using cheap growth medium enriched with coconutwater. The aim of the research was to analyse the chemical content ofcoconut water and its role on java turmeric micropropagation in vitro andtheir effect on yield and xanthorrhizol content. The experiement wasconducted from May 2009 to August 2009 at Indonesian Spices andMedicinal Research Institute and Indonsian Center for Agricultural PostHarvest Research and Development. The coconut water used comes fromyoung coconut (7-8 months) and old coconut (10-12 months). The researchconsisted of four steps. First, analysis of growth regulator, vitamin andsucrose from coconut water using HPLC method. Second, the effect ofseveral concentration od water coconut: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% on invitro multiplication. The experiment was arranged in completely blockdesign with three replicates. The parameters observed were growth ofculture during in vitro. Third, acclimatization and chlorophyll content ofplant derived from in vitro and fourth, growth, and yield of java turmericseed on pot containing soil + sand as growth medium and xanthorrhizolanalysis. The experiment was arranged in completely block design withthree replicates. The parameters observed were growth characters, yieldand xnthorrhizol content. Result showed that coconut water containkinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral and carbon source which used forin vitro shoots multiplication. The chemical of young coconut water washigher than old coconut. The growth medium enriched with 15 % coconutwater gave the best result on inducing shoots in vitro (average 4.6shoots/bottle during 8 weeks culture), so it’s used as multiplicationstandard. Java turmeric seed from in vitro culture grew well (72%) onacclimatization. Although, some of them were greenish.The content of a,b, and total chlorophyll of java ginger from in vitro culture was higher thanconventional rhizome and have a normal rhizome. The production on Vo(plantlet generation) around 320.2 g/plant, is lower than conventionalrhyzome (800.5 g). Xanthorhizol and essential oil content of Java turmericfrom in vitro seed were lower than conventional rhyzome. Result researchindicated potency of the coconut water as a nature growth regulator invitro.Key words: coconut water, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, growth,xanthorrhizol, yield
EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH UNTUK PERTANAMAN TEBU DI KABUPATEN REMBANG, JAWA TENGAH / Evaluation of Soil Fertility to Sugarcane at Rembang District, Central Java Fitriningdyah Tri Kadarwati
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 2 (2016): Juni, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n2.2016.53-62

Abstract

Rembang District is an area of Central Java production center which has the main characteristics dominated by dry land. Dry land issues related to the low availability of water and nutrients. It determines the area of soil fertility conditions. Soil fertility affects the growth, production, and yield of sugarcane. Study of soil fertility conducted through the soil fertility evaluation methods of chemical analysis of matching data criteria soil with soil chemical properties. The sampling method is based on the land unit mapping. Soil fertility assessment based on the analysis of soil chemical properties that include cation exchange capacity (NH4Oac extraction method), pH (pH meter), C-Organic (Walkey and Black method), base saturation (estimation of pH mapping), P2O5 (Olsen and Bray-1 method), and available K (flamephotometer). Soil fertility in Rembang district classified into low until moderate. The limiting factor in soil fertility were consists of nitrogen content, cation exchange capacity, pH, available P2O5, organic carbon, and available K
FRAKSINASI KERING MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN KRISTALISATOR SKALA 120 KG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FRAKSI MINYAK KAYA TRIASILGLISER0L RANTAI MENENGAH MURSALIN MURSALIN; PURWIYATNO HARIYADI; EKO HARI PURNOMO; NURI ANDARWULAN; DEDI FARDIAZ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.41-50

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak kelapa merupakan sumber medium chain triglycerides(MCT) utama. Melalui proses fraksinasi dapat dihasilkan fraksi minyakdengan kandungan MCT tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajaripengaruh berbagai faktor perlakuan dingin terhadap kristalisasi danfraksinasi minyak kelapa, serta untuk menetapkan prosedur pendinginanyang efektif dalam menghasilkan fraksi minyak dengan kandungan MCTtinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium SEAFAST CENTER IPBdari bulan Maret 2012 sampai bulan Februari 2013. Fraksinasi dilakukandengan memanaskan minyak pada suhu 70°C lalu didinginkan padaberbagai laju pendinginan untuk mencapai beberapa variasi suhukristalisasi, diaduk dengan kecepatan 15 rpm, dibiarkan mengkristal padalama waktu yang berbeda (hingga 900 menit), serta difraksinasi denganpenyaringan vakum menggunakan kertas Whatman 40. Tiga tahappendinginan yang merupakan faktor kunci keberhasilan proses kristalisasiminyak kelapa yaitu tahap pendinginan awal dari suhu 70 hingga 29°C;tahap pendinginan kritis 29°C hingga suhu kristalisasi; dan tahapkristalisasi itu sendiri. Pada tahap pertama minyak kelapa didinginkansecepat mungkin untuk menurunkan waktu proses, tetapi pada tahap keduaharus dilaksanakan dengan laju pendinginan lambat (kurang dari 0,176°C/menit) untuk menghasilkan kristal yang berukuran besar dan tidak mudahmeleleh. Minyak dengan kandungan triasilgliserol tinggi dapat diperolehdari fraksi olein minyak kelapa. Pada perlakuan suhu kristalisasi 21,30-21,73°C untuk laju pendinginan kritis antara 0,013 hingga 0,176°C/menit,semakin rendah laju pendinginan kritis dan semakin lama proseskristalisasi maka kandungan MCT fraksi olein yang dihasilkan akansemakin tinggi.Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, laju pendinginan, kristalisasi, fraksinasi, MCTABSTRACTCoconut oil is the main source of medium chain triglycerides(MCT). Fractionation produce oil fraction containing MCT concentrate.This research aims to study the influence of various factors of coolingtreatment on the crystallization and fractionation of coconut oil, and toestablish effective cooling procedure to produce oil fraction with highMCT content. The research was conducted in Laboratorium of SEAFASTCENTER IPB from March 2012 to February 2013. Coconut oil washeated at 70°C then cooled at different cooling rate to reach variouscrystalization temperatures. The oil was then stirred at 15 rpm and allow tocrystallized at different period of time (up to 900 min), and finallyfractionated by vacuum filtration using Whatman #40 paper. Fractionationtemperatures was the same as crystalization temperature. The resultsshowed that there were three distinct cooling regimes critical tocrystallization process, i.e temperature range from 70 to 29°C; 29°C tocrystallization temperature; and crystallization temperature. In the firstregime, melted coconut oil might be cooled quickly to save time, but in thesecond regime need be done with a cooling rate of less than 0.176°C/minto produce physically stable crystal. Oil with high triacylglycerol contentcould be obtained from olein fraction of coconut oil. At the crystallizationtemperature 21.30-21.73°C for the critical cooling rate between 0.013 to0.176°C/min, the higher MCT content of olein fraction were produced bythe lower critical cooling rate and the longer crystallization process.Keywords: fractionation, crystallization, MCT, coconut oil, cooling rate.
PERAN HYDRAULIC LIFT JA MBU METE PADA PEMELIHARAAN LENGAS TANAH DAN STATUS AIR JAGUNG SAAT KEKERINGAN / The Role of Cashew Hydraulic Lift in Maintaining Soil Moisture and Water Status of Maize under Drought Condition Joko Pitono; Nur Maslahah; Setiawan Setiawan
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.55-62

Abstract

Hydraulic lift (HL) plants are reported to share water to other plants during drought period. Our previous study found cashew had HL capability, however it was still unclear for sharing water. This study was carried out at the greenhouse of Cimanggu from May to November 2016, to evaluate whether the cashew HL could share water during drought period and its effect on maintaining soil moisture, leaf water potential, transpiration, and photosynthesis of maize. The cashew variety, B-02 and maize variety, Lamuru, planted side by side in the special designed pots, and setted in three conditions, i.e. full irrigation (B), drought without cashew HL access (K), and drought with cashew HL access (H). All of the treated plants were setted in a randomized block design with nine replicates. The results showed the cashew HL could share water to themaize. During the advanced drought periods, the soil moisture of maize was maintained higher ± 2.5% compared to it without access of cashew HL. It promoted water status of maize to be better at 8th day after drought treatment, with decrease of leaf water potential, transpiration, and photosynthesis respectively just about 30%, 36% and 32% of the values on the well irrigated condition. However, those decreased values reached 40%, 70% and 57% for the maize without cashew HL access. This study showed the cashew HL quite effectively induced the sharing water to the maize during drought periods, and alleviated the worse effects of drought stress, so that the maize could maintain a good soil moisture and tissue water status.Keywords: cashew, hydraulic lifts, sharing water, leaf water potential,maize AbstrakTanaman hydraulic lift (HL) dilaporkan dapat memasok air pada tanaman lain di sekitarnya saat periode kekeringan. Hasil studi sebelumnya menunjukkan jambu mete memiliki kemampuan HL, namun belum diketahui potensi pasokan airnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di komplek rumah kaca Cimanggu antara Mei-November 2016 dengan tujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan pasokan air dari hydraulic lift jambu mete pada periode kekeringan dan efeknya terhadap status air jaringan jagung yang tumbuh di sekitarnya. Jambu mete varietas B-02 dan jagung varietas Lamuru ditanam berdampingan pada pot dengan desain khusus, yang diatur dalam tiga kondisi perlakuan, yakni selalu berkecukupan air (B), kekeringan tanpa ada akses HL jambu mete (K), dan kekeringan dengan akses HL jambu mete (H). Ketiga perlakuan kondisi tanaman tersebut ditempatkan di rumah kaca dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan HL jambu mete dapat memasok air pada jagung, sehingga pada periode kekeringan tingkat lanjut, lengas tanahnya menjadi lebih tinggi ± 2,5% dibandingkan jagung tanpa akses HL jambu mete. Adanya pasokan air tersebut menyebabkan status air jaringan jagung selama periode kekeringan menjadi lebih baik dengan tingkat penurunan nilai dari kondisi kecukupan air pada potensial air daun, transpirasi, dan fotosintesis berturut-turut hanya sekitar 30%, 36%, dan 32%, dibandingkan penurunan nilai tersebut pada kondisi tanpa akses HL jambu mete yang mencapai 40%, 70%, dan 66%. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan pasokan air pada jagung oleh HL jambu mete cukup efektif pada periode kekeringan, dan membantu meringankan efek stres kekeringan pada jagung sehingga dapat memelihara status air jaringannya tetap baik.
PENDUGAAN AKSI GEN DAN DAYA WARIS KETAHANAN KAPAS TERHADAP Amrasca biguttula MOCH. MACHFUD; E. SULISTYOWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n3.2009.131-138

Abstract

ABSTRAKAmrasca biguttula merupakan salah satu hama utama kapas yangmampu menurunkan hasil secara nyata. Penggunaan varietas tahan hamasecara genetik merupakan salah satu dari sekian metode pengendalianyang efektif untuk menurunkan kerusakan hama. Penelitian bertujuanuntuk mengetahui aktivitas kerja gen dan daya waris gen yang mengen-dalikan sifat ketahanan terhadap hama pengisap daun A. biguttula.Penelitian dilakukan di Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur daribulan Mei sampai Oktober 2006. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 17genotipe yang terdiri dari (a) tiga varietas tetua jantan berbulu lebat yaituLRA 5166, SRT-1, dan Laxmi; (b) dua varietas tetua betina yangditingkatkan ketahanannya yaitu Kanesia-8 dan Kanesia-9; (c) enamgenotipe generasi F1 hasil persilangan tetua jantan dan betina tersebut diatas, dan d) enam genotipe generasi F2 yang merupakan keturunan darihasil persilangan F1. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok(RAK), diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga genotipeF1 dari pasangan persilangan Kanesia-8 x LRA 5166, Kanesia-9 x LRA5166, dan Kanesia-8 x Laxmi menunjukkan penampilan gen yangmengatur kelebatan bulu daun bersifat dominansi sebagian negatif.Sedangkan penampilan gen pada pasangan persilangan Kanesia-8 x SRT-1, Kanesia-9 x SRT-1, dan Kanesia-9 x Laxmi adalah dominansi sebagianpositif. Nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas dari gen yang mengatur kelebatanbulu daun pada empat pasangan persilangan Kanesia-8 x SRT-1, Kanesia-9 x SRT-1, Kanesia-8 x Laxmi, dan Kanesia-9 x Laxmi adalah tinggi,sedangkan dua pasangan persilangan Kanesia-8 x LRA 5166 dan Kanesia-9 x LRA 5166 nilai heritabilitasnya sedang. Korelasi nyata terjadi antarajumlah bulu daun, populasi nimfa dan nilai JRI. Tingkat kehadiranpopulasi nimfa wereng dan nilai JRI sangat dipengaruhi oleh kerapatanbulu daun.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, Amrasca biguttula, kerapatan bulu,ketahanan, daya warisABSTRACTEstimation of Gene Action and Resistance Heritability ofCotton to Amrasca biguttulaAmrasca biguttula is one of main pests attacking cotton that causessignificant yield loss. The use of resistant varieties is genetically aneffective way to control the pest. An experiment was conducted to studythe activity and heritability of gene(s) responsible for controlling cropresistance to jassid, A. biguttula. The test involved 17 genotypes consistingof (a) three varieties with high trichome density as male parents i.e. LRA5166, SRT-1, and Laxmi; (b) two varieties to be improved their resistanceto jassid as female parents i.e. Kanesia-8 and Kanesia-9; (c) six genotypesof F1 generation resulted from crossing between male and female parents,and d) six genotypes of F2 generation resulted from selfing of genotypes.The test was arranged in randomized block design with three replications.Experimental result showed that the action of gene(s) responsible intrichome density or leaf pubescent of three F1 genotypes i.e. Kanesia-8 xLRA 5166, Kanesia-9 x LRA 5166, and Kanesia-8 x Laxmi were partlynegative dominance, whereas those of F1 genotypes of Kanesia-8 x SRT-1, Kanesia-9 x SRT-1, and Kanesia-9 x Laxmi were partly positivedominance. The heritability of that gene(s) in Kanesia-8 x SRT-1,Kanesia-9 x SRT-1, Kanesia-8 x Laxmi, and Kanesia-9 x Laxmicombinations were high, whereas those in Kanesia-8 x LRA 5166 andKanesia-9 x LRA 5166 combinations were medium. A significantcorrelation was observed between trichome density, nymph population,and JRI value, in which nymph population and JRI were significantlyinfluenced by trichome density.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, Amrasca biguttula, gene action,heritability
PENGARUH AUKSIN IBA DAN NAA TERHADAP INDUKSI PERAKARAN INGGU SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID; NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 3 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n3.2014.122-129

Abstract

ABSTRAK Inggu (Ruta graveolens L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat langka di Indonesia yang perlu dilestarikan. Upaya konservasi tanaman inggu telah dilakukan secara in vitro di laboratorium Balittro selama 17 tahun pada kultur tunas. Untuk mengobservasi kestabilan genetik perlu dilakukan induksi perakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh auksin IBA dan NAA terhadap induksi perakaran inggu secara in vitro. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tunas steril inggu in vitro yang telah berumur 17 tahun, yang ditanam pada media dasar Murashige dan Skoog (MS) setengah konsentrasi (½ MS) yang diperkaya vitamin dari group B. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi auksin IBA dan NAA (0; 0,001; 0,002; dan 0,003 mg/l). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari lima botol yang berisi dua tanaman. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah, panjang, dan bentuk akar, serta jumlah tunas dan penampilan kultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media ½ MS yang diperkaya NAA pada konsentrasi rendah 0,001 mg/l menghasilkan jumlah akar terbanyak, yaitu 13,6 akar. Perlakuan ini juga menghasilkan banyak bulu-bulu akar yang menandakan akar yang sehat. Kata kunci: Ruta graveolens L., IBA, NAA, induksi perakaran, in vitro  The Effect of Auxin IBA and NAA to In Vitro Rooting Induction of Roe (Ruta graveolens L.)  ABSTRACTRoe (Ruta graveolens L.) is one of the Indonesian rare medicinal plants. An attempt to conserve roe, has been conducted through in vitro culture of sterile shoots at the laboratory of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institut (ISMCRI) for 17 years. To observe the genetic stability of culture following in vitro conservation for a long period, the collection must be tested in greenhouse and field. Therefore, it is necessary to induce rooting. The aim of the experiment was to observe the effect of IBA and NAA auxin to root induction of roe. The sterile shoots were used as material. They were planted on half-concentration (½ MS) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, enriched with vitamin from group B. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. Each replication consist of five bottles with two plants. The treatment tested were several concentrations of IBA and NAA (0; 0.001; 0.002; and 0.003 mg/l). The parameters observed were number, lenght, shape, and length of roots, and also the number of shoots and culture performance. The result showed that the use of ½ MS + NAA0.001 mg/l produced the highest number of roots  (13.6 roots). This treatment also produced a lot of root hairs which indicates a healthy roots. Key words: Ruta graveolens L., IBA, NAA, roots induction, in vitro
Improvement of Cane Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugarcane (Sacharrum officinarum) Through Maintaining Ratoon FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI; BUDI SANTOSO; AHMAD DHIAUL KHULUQ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 4 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v21n4.2015.199-205

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe level of sugarcane yield in dry land or rainfed generally still low at 40 to 50 tons per hectare. Farmers prefer maintenance of sugarcane than unloading ratoon cane (RC). This can be understood because unloading RC requires high cost, especially in the purchase of seed cane and tillage. Approach through maintaining ratoon techniques are expected to increase production and sugar yield. The research purposes to obtain cane yield and sugar yield RC optimally with maintaining ratoon techniques in dry land. Research has conducted in the Ngimbang, Lamongan district from June 2013 until August 2014. Sugarcane varieties used PS 862 (early ripening) belong to farmers. The study compiled by randomized block design (RBD) and repeated 3 times. The treatment consisted of 1). Replanting; 2). Off barring; 3). Organic fertilizer; 4). Maintaining 10 plants/m; 5). Giving PGR; 6). The package of (1+2); 7). The package of (1+2+3); 8). The package of (1+2+3+4); 9). The package of (1+2+3+4+5); and 10). Control. The results showed that the complete treatment of maintaining ratoon (replanting, off barring, organic fertilizer, maintaining 10 plants/m and PGR) obtained the highest value on the highgrowth parameters include 304.67 cm and a diameter of 3.16 cm, while the production parameters include the stalk number 5.73 stalk/m, stalk weight 1.29 kg/stalk, and stalk length 264.11 cm. Maintaining ratoon could gave the best cane yield and sugar yield than ratoon plants without maintaining ratoon cane with an increase of cane yield 16.20 tons/ha (32.14%) and an increase of sugar yield 1.38% (25.60%). Maintaining on ratoon cane 4th on rainfed significantly increase the production of sugarcane per hectare although not linear with increasing sugar yield.Keywords: Maintaining ratoon, PS 862 varieties, dry land, Sacharrum officinarum PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN RENDEMEN TEBU (Sacharrum officinarum) MELALUI RAWAT RATOONABSTRAKTingkat produktivitas tebu di lahan kering atau tadah hujan umumnya masih rendah sebesar 40 sampai dengan 50 ton per hektar. Para petani tebu lebih memilih rawat ratoon daripada membongkar tebu ratoon (RC). Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena membongkar ratoon membutuhkan biaya yang lebih besar, terutama dalam pembelian bibit tebu dan olah tanah. Pendekatan melalui teknik rawat ratoon diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produksi dan rendemen tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh pertanaman tebu dengan teknik rawat ratoon yang berproduksi dan berendemen optimal di lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Ngimbang, Kabupaten Lamongan mulai Juni 2013 sampai Agustus 2014. Varietas tebu yang digunakan yaitu PS 862 (masak awal) milik petani. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas 1). Sulam; 2). Pedot Oyot; 3). Pupuk Organik; 4). Pertahankan 10 tanaman/m; 5). Pemberian ZPT; 6). Paket (1+2); 7). Paket (1+2+3); 8). Paket (1+2+3+4); 9). Paket (1+2+3+4+5); dan 10). Kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lengkap pada rawat ratoon (sulam, pedot oyot, pupuk organik, 10 tanaman/m dan ZPT) diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada parameter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi 304,67 cm dan diameter 3,16 cm, sedangkan parameter produksi meliputi jumlah batang terpanen 5,73 batang/m, bobot batang 1,29 kg/batang, dan panjang batang 264,11 cm. Rawat ratoon dapat memberikan hasil produksi dan rendemen terbaik dibandingkan tanaman tebu tanpa rawat ratoon dengan kenaikan sebesar 16,20 ton/ha (32,14%) dan peningkatan angka rendemen 1,38% (25,60%). Rawat ratoon RC 4 pada lahan tadah hujan secara signifikan meningkatkan produksi tebu perhektar meskipun tidak linier dengan peningkatan rendemen gula.Kata kunci: Rawat ratoon, varietas PS 862, lahan kering, Sacharrum officinarum
INDUKSI EMBRIO SOMATIK SEKUNDER KOPI ARABIKA DAN DETEKSI KERAGAMAN SOMAKLONAL MENGGUNAKAN MARKA SSRs / Induction of Secondary Somatic Embryos of Arabica Coffee and Detection Somaclonal Variation Using SSRs Marker Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Rr. Sri Hartati; Reflinur Reflinur; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.11-20

Abstract

The secondary somatic embryogenesis of coffee plant can be used to propagate superior varieties, plant resulted from genetic transformation and mutation. Present study aimed to obtain the best media composition for induction of secondary somatic embryos in solid or semi-solid media, and to evaluate the possibility of somaclonal variations occurrence in the resulting plantlets. Primary somatic embryos torpedo phase of the AS2K variety were used as explant sources. Types of cytokines i.e. 2-iP (4.54 and 9.08 μM), kinetin (9.30 μM) and BAP (BAP 17.76 and 1.33 μM) and medium density (solids and semi-solid) were used as treatments. A total of 20 SSRs marker were used in molecular analysis of plantlets with 10 replication per treatment. The results showed that the media with the addition of BAP 17.76 μM resulted in the highest percentage (75.50%), the highest number of secondary somatic embryos (10.63), the tertiary, quarter and quiner somatic embryos. Number of secondary somatic embryos produced in a dense media was higher than those in the semi-solid media.. Based on molecular analysis, planlets on all treatment were relatively homogenous except on medium with 17.76 μM BAP which indicated by one allelle changing at ssrR209 locus. These findings indicated that the use of culture medium with supplemented with 9.08 μM 2-iP is advisable to induce the secondary somatic embryos due to its capacity to produce high number of somatic embryos and exhibited no somaclonal variations occurred among the plantlets.Keywords: Coffea arabica, tertiary somatic embryos, quarter somatic embryos, quiner somatic embryos, semi solid media AbstrakEmbriogenesis somatik sekunder pada tanaman kopi dapat digunakan untuk memperbanyak varietas unggul, hasil transformasi dan mutasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi media terbaik dalam menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder dalam media padat maupun semi padat, dan mengevaluasi kemungkinan terjadinya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embrio somatik primer fase torpedo dari varietas AS2K. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis sitokinin yaitu: 2-iP (4,54 dan 9,08 μM), kinetin (9,30 μM) dan BAP (BAP 17,76 μM dan 1,33 μM) dan kepadatan media (padat dan semi padat). Analisis molekuler menggunakan 20 primer marka SSRs dengan jumlah ulangan 10 planlet per perlakuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan media dengan penambahan BAP 17,76 μM menghasilkan persentase embrio somatik sekunder tertinggi (75,50%), embrio somatik sekunder terbanyak (10,63), embrio somatik tersier, kuarter dan kuiner. Jumlah embrio somatik sekunder yang dihasilkan pada media padat lebih banyak dibandingkan semi padat. Berdasarkan analisis molekuler, planlet yang dikulturkan pada semua perlakuan relatif seragam, kecuali pada perlakuan BAP 17,76 μM yang menunjukkan telah terjadi perubahan satu alel pada lokus ssrR209. Temuan ini memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan media kultur dengan 2-iP 9,08 μM lebih dianjurkan untuk menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder karena dapat menghasilkan jumlah embrio somatik cukup banyak dan tidak memperlihatkan adanya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan.Kata kunci: Coffea arabica, embrio somatik tersier, embrio somatik kuarter, embrio somatik kuiner, media semi-padat
ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL SABARMAN DAMANIK
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 4 (2001): Desember, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n4.2001.113-119

Abstract

Analysis of Indonesian pepper supply and demand in the International MarketStudy on the supply and demand of Indonesian pepper in the international market was conducted by using the data of time series from 1980 to 1999. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and two stage least square (2 SLS) estimation method. The result of analysis revealed that the factors affecting pepper supply from Indonesia were international market, world price, pepper production, exchange rate, and the last export volume. The supply export of pepper of each major pepper producing counlircs showed similar characeristics, i.e. die expot of pepper of the countries, including Indonesia was affeclcd signiicantly by the national pepper production. When the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than that of the price change. The demand for pepper import at the elasticity coeicient value smaller than one (0.144 -0.680) meant that it was inelastic. The elasticity coeficient value of the Indonesian pepper supply in the short and long terms was 1 168 and 4.037 respectively. It meant that they were elastic, if the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than thai of the price change. The implication to Ihe pepper industry in Indonesia were (a) the decrease in Ihe pepper price in the international market did not affect the national pepper production, and (b) the exchange rale affect the volume of the pepper export.
PENGGUNAAN AIR KELAPA SEBAGAI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH PADA MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) IN VITRO DELIAH SESWITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.135-140

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakansalah satu tanaman obat potensial unggulan yang memiliki khasiatmultifungsi. Rimpangnya yang berkhasiat obat mampu mengobati ber-bagai penyakit seperti kelainan pada hati/lever, kantong empedu, danpankreas. Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat ingin menggunakan pengo-batan dengan bahan alami, menjadikan permintaan benih temulawaksebagai bahan baku obat maupun industri jamu di Indonesia meningkatdengan pesat. Kondisi ini memberi peluang kepada petani sebagaipenyedia bahan tanaman. Upaya penyediaan bahan tanaman secara massaldalam waktu singkat serta bebas hama dan penyakit dapat dilakukanmelalui teknik kultur jaringan. Teknik ini dibatasi oleh tingginya biayaperbanyakan, di antaranya penggunaan bahan kimia. Oleh karena itu perludikaji penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yang berasal dari bahanalami (salah satunya adalah air kelapa) sebagai substitusi ZPT sintetik.Penelitian penggunaan air kelapa sebagai ZPT dilakukan di LaboratoriumKultur Jaringan Plasma Nutfah Pemuliaan dan Perbenihan, BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor, dari bulan Mei sampaidengan bulan Desember 2009. Eksplan berasal dari tunas temulawak sterilhasil perbanyakan sebelumnya. Media yang digunakan adalah mediaMurashige and Skoog (MS) yang dikombinasikan dengan beberapa tarafkonsentrasi air kelapa (0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20%) sebagai substitusi ZPT danair kelapa dengan memakai millipore. Media dibuat padat, sebagaipembanding pada media MS + ZPT kimia yaitu BA1,5 mg/l. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10 ulangan. Parameteryang diuji adalah jumlah tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah akar. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan, tanpa komponen kimia, dengan penambah airkelapa pada berbagai konsentrasi pada media dasar MS, berhasilmembentuk tunas, daun dan akar. Jumlah tunas terbanyak didapat padakombinasi media dengan penambahan air kelapa 15% sebanyak 3,4 tunas,jumlah daun 2,2 daun serta jumlah akar terbanyak yaitu sebanyak 13,2akar pada umur 2 minggu. Pada kombinasi media dengan memakaimillipore, tunas terbanyak hanya 2,6 tunas, tetapi tidak berbeda nyatadengan perlakuan kontrol MS + BA 1,5 mg/l, yaitu sama-sama memiliki2,6 tunas, 3,6 daun, dan 15,4 akar.Kata kunci : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., in vitro, air kelapa, zatpengatur tumbuh, multiplikasi in vitroABSTRACTThe use of Coconut Water as Growth Regulator onMultiplication of Java Turmeric Buds (Curcumaxanthorrhiza Roxb. ) in vitroJava turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a potentialmedicinal plant which has many uses. Its rhizome has efficacy to curevarious diseases such as disorder on lever, gall bladder and pancreas.There is a tendency that people want to use therapy by natural materials,increases demand of turmeric seed as raw material of medicine industry inIndonesia. This condition provides a chance to farmers as supplier of plantmaterials. However, up to now, the high need of plant materials causes thelimitation of supply so that their alternatives are needed for providing plantmaterials in maximum number. The part of plant material provision in highnumber and in a short time and free from pests and diseases can beconducted through tissue culture technique. However, this technique islimited by the high cost of multiplication, among others the use ofchemical materials. Therefore, the use of growth regulator originated fromnatural material as substitution of synthetic growth regulator need to beassessed, one of them is coconut water. The experiment was carried out atthe laboratory of Tissue Culture, Germ Plasm, and Plant Breeding,Indonesia for Medicinal and Aromatic Crop Research Institute, Bogorfrom May to December 2009. Explants originated from sterile turmericshoots, product of previous multiplication. Media used was Murashige andSkoog (MS) combined with several concentration levels of coconut water( 0; 5; 10; 15, and 20%) as substitution of growth regulator and coconutwater by using millipore. Solid media was used, as comparison on mediaof chemical MS + was BA1.5 mg/l. The experiment was arranged incompletely randomized design with 10 replications. Parameters observedwere the numbers of shoots, leaves and roots. Results showed that withoutchemical component, by addition of coconut water on variousconcentrations on based media of MS, produced shoots, leaves and roots.The highest shoot number obtained on combination of media and additionof coconut water 15% as many as 3.4 shoots, with the number of leaves2.2 leaves at the age of 2 weeks and the highest roots formed on 15 %coconut water as many as 13.2 roots. Whereas on combination of mediawith millipore, the highest shoots were only 2.6 shoots, however it was notsignificantly different from treatment of control MS + BA 1.5 mg/l, itproduced 2.6 shoots,3.6 leaves and 15.4 roots.Key words : Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., in vitro, coconut water,growth regulator, multiplication in vitro

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