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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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PENGARUH MACAM SETEK DAN MEDIA TUMBUH TERHADAP VIGOR BIBIT KEMUKUS (Piper cubeba LINN) ENDJO DJAUHARIYA; MONO RAHARDJO; AGUS SUDIMAN; SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.67-72

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman kemukus (Piper cubeba LINN.) sudah dikenal sejakjaman dahulu sebagai tanaman obat, rempah, pengharum dan penyedapmasakan. Di Jawa Tengah perbanyakan tanaman kemukus pada umumnyadilakukan melalui setek panjang yang terdiri dari 8 - 14 ruas. Perbanyakandengan cara demikian dianggap tidak ekonomis, oleh karena itu perludicari cara perbanyakan yang efisien dan efektif. Percobaan pengaruhmacam setek dan komposisi media tumbuh terhadap daya tumbuh danvigor bibit dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan teknologiperbanyakan kemukus. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun PercobaanCimanggu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Bogor dari bulanSeptember sampai dengan Desember 2003. Percobaan menggunakanrancangan acak kelompok yang disusun secara faktorial dengan 2 faktordan 3 ulangan. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah 3 macam setek pendek 3ruas yaitu : (1) setek bertapak, (2) setek sulur panjat dan (3) setek cabangbuah. Faktor kedua adalah tiga perlakuan komposisi media tumbuh terdiridari (tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir) dengan perbandingan: (a) 1:1:1, (b)2:1:1, dan (c) 3:1:1. Media dimasukkan ke dalam polibag ukuran 10 x 12cm. Variabel yang diamati meliputi persentase daya tumbuh, panjangtunas, jumlah daun, bobot kering tunas, jumlah akar, panjang akar danbobot kering akar. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa vigor bibit yangdiekspresikan oleh persentase daya tumbuh, pertumbuhan tunas dan akartidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh interaksi jenis setek dan komposisi mediatumbuh. Jenis setek berpangaruh nyata terhadap semua variabel yangdiamati, kecuali terhadap jumlah daun. Jenis setek yang berasal dari setekbertapak dan sulur panjat manghasilkan persentase daya tumbuh 68,40%dan 62,00%, panjang tunas 2,87 cm dan 4,70 cm, bobot kering tunas 0,13g dan 0,14 g, jumlah akar 5,95 dan 5,76 dan bobot kering akar 0,05 g dan0.05 g, lebih baik dibandingkan setek cabang buah. Jenis media tumbuhhanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot kering tunas tapi tidakberpengruh nyata terhadap variabel lainnya. Bobot kering tunas yangterbaik didapat pada komposisi media tumbuh tanah + pupuk kandang +pasir (1 : 1 : 1) (0,14 g) dan terendah pada komposisi media tumbuh tanah+ pupuk kandang + pasir (3 : 1 : 1) (0.11 g).Kata kunci : Kemukus, Piper cubeba LINN, bahan tanaman, macamsetek, media tumbuh, daya tumbuh, Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of cutting materials and growth media on thegrowth of cubeba cuttingsIn Indonesia, cubeba pepper plant (Piper cubeba LINN) has beenknown for years as a traditional medicine, spice, fragrant, and seasonings.In Central of Java, it is usually propagated by using eight or fourteen nodecuttings which is not an economical practice. The research on cuttingmaterials and growth media was conducted in Cimanggu ExperimentalGarden of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institutefrom September to December 2003. The objective of the research was tofind out an appropriate propagation technology of cubeba. The researchused two factors and three replications which was arranged in arandomized completely block design. The first factor was three kinds ofcutting nodes, i.e. (1) attached-rooted cuttings (2) vegetative branch and(3) generative branch. The second factor was three kinds of mediacompositions of soil, dung manure and sand (1) 1:1:1, (2) 2:1:1 and (3)3:1:1. Observations were conducted on the percentage of budding, lengthof bud, number of leaves, number of roots, length of root, dry weight ofthe roots, and the shoot. The results of the research indicated that the vigorof seedlings which was expressed by germination percentage, growth ofseedlings, and growth of root, did not significantly affected by theinteraction between kinds of cuttings and media composition. However,the kinds of cuttings significantly affected all variables, except the numberof leaves. Cubeba seedlings originated from attached-rooted cuttings andvegetative branch had higher germination percentage i.e. 68.40% and62.00%, length of shoot 2.87 cm and 4.70 cm, dry weight of shoot 0.13 gand 0.14 g, number of roots 5.95 and 5.76, length of root 7.32 cm and 7.27cm, and dry weight of root 0.05 g and 0.05 g, compared to the cubebaseedlings originated from generative branch. Media composition wassignificantly effected only on dry weight of shoots. The highest dry weightof shoot was resulted from composition of soil, dung manure and sand1:1;1 (0.14 g), while the lowest was found on ratio media composition ofsoil, dung manure and sand 3:1:1 (0.11g).Key words : Cubeba, Piper cubeba LINN, plant material, cuttingmaterials, growth media, growth, West Java
REKAYASA TEKNOLOGI MESIN PENGERING RIMPANG JAHE AGUS SUPRIATNA S.; DJAJENG SUMANGAT; nFN RISFAHERI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 4 (2003): Desember 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n4.2003.148-156

Abstract

Jahe gajah adalah tanaman obat yang sangat potensial dalam industri makanan, minuman maupun obat-obatan. Dalam proses pengolahannya memeriukan pcnanganan yang baik dalam rangka mempertahankan mutu produk yang dihasilkan. Salah satu proses yang sangat penting dan erat kailannya dengan mutu produk tersebut adalah pengcingan Pengcingan merupakan aspek penting dalam upaya pengawetan bahan dan mencegah terjadinya pencemaran oleh jamur atau patogen yang dapat menurunkan mutu bahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang bangun mesin pengering rimpang jahe sebagai bahan baku industi obat. Dalam jangka panjang penelitian ini dipersiapkan untuk menyediakan teknologi rancang bangun dan teknologi proses dalam pengembangan agroindusti tanaman obat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah rimpang jahe dan aktivitas di pedesaan. Penelitian dilakukan di Bengkel Rekayasa dan di Laboratorium Pengolahan Hasil, Balittro pada bulan April - Desember tahun 2002. Metode yang digunakan meliputi perancangan, pembuatan, pengujian, perbaikan, pengujian akhir dan analisis mutu. Mesin pengering impang jahe yang dirancang bangun adalah mesin pengering tipe rak yang berkapasitas S00 kg jahe iisan tiap operasi pengcingan. Sistem pemanasnya menggunakan minyak tanah sebagai bahan bakar dengan konsumsi 3-6 liter perjam dan dilengkapi dengan kipas untuk mendorong udara panas dengan kapasitas 102 m per menit. Kipas digerakkan dengan motor listrik bertenaga 2 HP (1440 RPM, SO Hz). Hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan 100 kg jahe gajah irisan menunjukkan bahwa lama pengcringan sampai mencapai kadar air keseimbangan adalah 13 jam. Rendemen jahe iisan kering rata-rata 13.5%, laju pengeringan 6.85 kg air perjam, dan efisiensi pengcringan 38.84%. Suhu ruang pengering 60-70"C dan kelembaban relatif 20 - 25%. Biaya pengeingan 500 kg jahe iisan jika perajangan jahe dilakukan secara manual yaitu Rp. I 022 perkg. Jika menggunakan mesin perajang, biaya pengeingan menjadi Rp. 273 per kg. Mesin pengeing layak digunakan oleh petani atau kelompok tani. Harga jual produk jahe irisan Rp.30 000 perkg jika pcrajangannya manual, dan Rp. 25 000 per kg jika pcrajangannya menggunakan mesin. Jumlah jahe gajah segar yang dibutuhkan pada titik impas (BEP) yaitu 70.107 kg-'tahun atau 292 kg perhai setara dengan luas pertanaman 2 ha jika perajangan secara manual, dan 33 357 kg/tahun atau 139 kg/hari setara dengan luas areal pertanaman 1 ha jika pcrajangannya menggunakan mesin.Kata kunci: Jahe, simplisia, alat pengeing, irisan, perajangan manual, perajangan mesin ABSTRACT Technology of sliced ginger dryerGinger is a medicinal crop which is very potential as raw mateial in food, drink, and medicinal industry. Drying is an important aspect of its processing to preserve and protect it from fungi or pathogens which can decrease its quality. The aim of this research is to design a drying machine for rhizomes of Zingiberaceae as raw mateial of medicinal industry. In the long term, this research will produce a design and process technology to develop a medicinal crops industry, so that the crops it can get an added value and increase activity in the rural area. The research was conducted al the Workshop and Post Harvest Laboratory of the Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor in April-December 2002. The methods used were designing, constructing and testing, repairing, inal testing and quality analysis. The dryer type was tray dryer with capacity 500 kg for each drying process. Drying chamber was equipped with 40 drying trays. Heating unit used kerosene with consumption rate of 3-6 l/hr. This heating system was equipped with electrical fan blower, which had capacity 102 mVminutc. This fan blower was powered by 2 HP electical motor (1440 RPM, 50 Hz). The methods were designing, constructing, testing, and product quality analysis. The result of sliced ginger drying showed that the 148 drying time to achieve the equilibrium moisture content was 13 hours. The average drying yield was 13.5% and the drying rate was 6.85 kg water/hr. In general, the drying system has drying eiciency of 38.84%. The temperature of drying chamber was 60-70 °C with relative humidity of 20- 25%. The cost analysis showed that the drying cost of resh ginger per kilogram was Rp.l 022 if drying process was carried out manually, while the drying cost using the machine was Rp. 273. This dryer is feasible to be operated by farmers or farmers groups if they arc able to sell the died product at a price not less than Rp. 30 000/kg (by manual slicing) and Rp. 25 000 (by machine slicing). The quantity of fresh ginger at BEP was 70.107 kg/year or 292 kg/day (by manual slicing), while using the slicing machine; the quantity of resh ginger at BEP was 33 357 kg/year or 139 kg/day.Key words: Ginger, simplisia, ginger dryer, manual slicing, machine slicing
ADOPSITEKNOLOGI DAN INDEK PERTANAMAN POLA USAHA TANI BERBASIS LADA DI NANGABULIK KALIMANTAN TENGAH SYAFRIL KEMALA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 4, No 5 (1999): Januari, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v4n5.1999.158-162

Abstract

Technology adoption and crops index ofpepper basedfarm¬ ing system in Nangabulik Central KalimantanA research on technology adoption, technology demontration and crops index of pepper based farming system was conducted in UPT Nangabu¬ lik, Central Kalimantan by using survey method. The purpose of the research was to show : (a) the role of technology demontration in increasing the willingness of the fanners in adopting the technology; (b) the crops index of the pepper based farming system as an indicator for income level. The data were analyzed by using nonparametics Wilcoxon sign rank test and cropping intencity index (CII). The results showed that the technology demontration of pepper based farming system had a significant effect in increasing the willingness of the farmers in adoption the technology. So that, the develop¬ ment of the pepper based farming system in IP I Nangabulik would go faster. An economic of scale aea of the pepper based farming system in Nangabulik would be achieved in around two years. The crops index of the pepper based fanning system was 215.30% meaning the level of eiciency of the pepper based farming system in using the land was 215.30% higher than the traditional farming system in Nangabulik. In other words the pepper based farming system would incease the farmers income by 215.30% (ceteis paibus). Compaing with the land in Java cropped with paddy and had crops index of 300% the pepper based farming system in Nangabulik would give higher income to the farmers after 5 years.
EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI BEBERAPA TEKNIK PENGENDALIAN HAMA PENGISAP DAUN PADA KAPAS IGAA. INDRAYANI; HERI PRABOWO; SIWI SUMARTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n2.2012.47-53

Abstract

ABSTRAKRekomendasi cara pengendalian hama pengisap daun, Amrascabiguttula (ISHIDA) pada  tanaman  kapas masih  mengandalkanpenggunaan kombinasi varietas tahan dan perlakuan benih denganinsektisida kimia sistemik imidakloprid. Namun, tidak jarang petanimelakukan penyemprotan insektisida kimia pada kanopi tanaman yangjuga dapat membunuh serangga berguna, termasuk musuh alami. Tujuanpenelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan teknik pengendalian A.biguttula pada kapas menggunakan varietas dan insektisida. Penelitiandilakukan di KP Asembagus mulai Januari sampai dengan Nopember2010. Perlakuan petak utama, yaitu teknik pengendalian: (1) perlakuanbenih dengan imidakloprid (PB), (2) tanpa perlakuan benih maupunpenyemprotan kanopi tanaman atau kontrol (TPB), (3) perlakuan benih +penyemprotan kanopi (PBS), dan (4) penyemprotan kanopi (S). Perlakuananak petak adalah tiga galur/varietas kapas, yaitu: (1) galur 98050/9/2/4,(2) KI 645, dan (3) Kanesia 10. Pola tanam yang diterapkan adalahtumpangsari kapas dan kacang hijau yang ditanam di antara baris kapas.Setiap perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga kaliulangan. Ukuran anak petak adalah 10 m x 15 m. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap (1) populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan predatornya, (2) frekuensipencapaian populasi ambang ekonomi, (3) skor kerusakan tanaman kapas,(4) hasil kapas berbiji dan kacang hijau, dan (5) analisis ekonomiperlakuan. Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  setiap  teknikpengendalian yang diuji berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan populasi A.biguttula dan predatornya. Rata-rata pencapaian populasi ambangekonomi pada perlakuan benih (PB) dan kontrol lebih rendah (0,5–2 kali)dibandingkan dengan kombinasi perlakuan benih dan penyemprotankanopi (PBS) serta penyemprotan kanopi saja (S) yang mencapai 3–4 kali.Pada galur/varietas kapas yang diuji, pencapaian populasi ambangekonomi paling rendah terjadi pada galur 98050/9/2/4, diikuti oleh Kanesia10 dan KI 645. Perlakuan benih saja (PB) selain menurunkan populasi A.biguttula dan tidak menurunkan populasi predator, juga lebih efisiendibanding perlakuan lainnya dengan nilai marginal rate of return 1,38 danpeningkatan bersih 14,3%. Makna dari hasil yang diperoleh adalahpengendalian A. biguttula pada kapas dengan cara menyemprot kanopilebih baik dihindari apabila benih masih dapat diperlakukan, sedapatmungkin dikombinasikan dengan penggunaan varietas tahan/toleran.Kata kunci : Amrasca biguttula, imidakloprid, ambang ekonomi, galur/varietas, kapas, predator, marginal rate of return (MRR)ABSTRACTEffectiveness and Efficiency of Different ControlTechniques of Cotton Jassid, Amrasca biguttulaRecommendation for controlling jassid (A. biguttula) of cotton still relieson the use of combination of resistant variety and seed treatment(imidachloprid). Farmers, however, often spray chemical insecticides overplant canopy that also kill beneficial insects, including natural enemies.This study was conducted at Asembagus Experimental Station fromJanuary to November 2010. The objective of the study was to find out theeffectiveness and efficiency of control techniques against cotton jassid, A.biguttula. This field study consisted of two factors. First factor consistedof three different control techniques i.e. (1) seed treatment (PB), (2)without seed treatment and foliar application or control (TPB), (3)combination between seed treatment and foliar application (PBS), and (4)foliar application alone (S). Second factor consisted of three cottonvarieties, e.g. 98050/9/2/4, KI 645, and Kanesia 10. Treatments werearranged in a split plot design with three replicates. Cotton intercroppedwith mung bean planted in between cotton rows. Population of A. biguttulaand its predator, economic threshold achievement, score of plant injury,yields of cotton and mung bean were observed. Economic analysis of thetreatments was evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results showed thateach control techniques caused different effect on jassid and its predatordevelopment. The average of economic threshold achievement in seedtreatment application (PB) and control (TPB) were lower (0.5-2.0 times)compared to combination between seed treatment and foliar sprayed(PBS), also only foliar sprayed (3-4 times). Averaged of economicthreshold achievement on 98050/9/2/4 line was the lowest, followed byKanesia 10 and KI 645. Application of seed treatment (PB) not onlyreduced jassid population but also less effective on predator population. Itwas more efficient than other treatments with marginal rate 1.38 and didincrease net income by 14.3%. It means that foliar sprays to control A.biguttula on cotton should be ignored, if applying seed treatment andresistant/tolerant varieties.Key words: Amrasca biguttula, imidachloprid, economic threshold,cotton cultivar/variety, predator, marginal rate of return(MRR)
KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN MOLEKULER ISOLAT Phytophthora palmivora ASAL KELAPA DAN KAKAO HIASINTA FJ MOTULO; MEITY S-SINAGA; GEDE SUASTIKA; HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR; ALEX HARTANA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.111-118

Abstract

ABSTRAKPhytophthora palmivora merupakan patogen penyebab penyakitgugur buah pada tanaman kelapa dan busuk buah pada tanaman kakao.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan isolat P. palmivora asal kelapadan asal kakao berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler.Pengambilan sampel penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakaodilakukan di Kabupaten Banyuwangi dan Jember, Jawa Timur, KabupatenMinahasa dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara, dan KabupatenGorontalo, Gorontalo. Analisis morfologi, ekstraksi DNA dan amplifikasiDNA dengan PCR dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi dan LaboratoriumVirologi, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Faperta IPB. Analisis perunutanDNA dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai BesarBioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi,LIPI Serpong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2005 sampaiFebruari 2007. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi seperti diameter koloni,panjang dan lebar sporangium, tipe koloni, bentuk sporangium, per-bandingan panjang dan lebar sporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITSmenunjukkan bahwa keduapuluh-dua koleksi isolat yang menunjukkangejala penyakit gugur buah kelapa dan busuk buah kakao adalah P.palmivora. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa berbeda dengan isolat P.palmivora asal kakao berdasarkan diameter koloni, panjang dan lebarsporangium serta runutan DNA ruas ITS. Duapuluh-dua isolat P.palmivora asal kelapa dan asal kakao mempunyai sporangium yang mudahlepas dari sporangiospora (caducous), pedikel yang pendek dan papilaserta bervariasi dalam bentuk dan ukuran sporangium. Bentuk sporangiumterdiri dari 4 tipe yaitu ovoid, limoniform, obturbinate, dan obpyriform.Ukuran sporangium berkisar antara 40 – 62 µm panjang dan 28 – 43 µmlebar. Isolat P. palmivora memiliki tipe koloni rosaceous, stelate dancottony. Rata-rata diameter koloni isolat asal kelapa 54.8 cm lebih tinggidari isolat asal kakao 43,4 cm. Hasil perunutan DNA hasil PCRmenunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik antar isolat asal kelapa dan kakaodi Indonesia. Isolat asal kakao berbeda dengan isolat asal kelapaberdasarkan perunutan DNA ruas ITS. Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa dankakao dari Indonesia tidak berada dalam satu kelompok dengan isolatyang berasal dari Thailand, Taiwan, Korea, Puerto Rico, Ghana, danCameron.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, kakao, Theobroma cacao, penyakit,P. palmivora, morfologi, molekuler, keragaman, runutanDNA-ITS, Jawa Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, JawaBaratABSTRACTMorphology  and  molecular  characteristics  of  P.palmivora isolates from coconut and cacaoPhytophthora palmivora, is the pathogen of coconut nutfall andcacao black pod diseases. This study was conducted to differentiate theisolates of P. palmivora from coconut and those from cacao fruit based onmorphology and molecular characteristics. Samples of nutfall of coconutand black pod of cacao were collected from Banyuwangi and JemberDistricts, East Java, Minahasa and Bolaang Mongondow Districts, NorthSulawesi, and Gorontalo District, Gorontalo. Morphological analysis,DNA extraction and amplification of PCR-DNA were conducted inMicology Laboratorium and Virology Laboratorium, Plant ProtectionDivision, Faperta IPB. Sequencing DNA analysis was conducted inMolecular Biology Laboratory, Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan SumberdayaGenetik and Biotechnology Laboratory LIPI Serpong. This research wasconducted from April 2005 to February 2007. Comparative morphologicalevaluated i.e. diameter of colony, length and width of sporangium, l/wratio, type of colony and sequence Internal Transcribed Sequence (ITS)-DNA showed that all isolates of Phytophthora isolated from coconut andcacao  in  Indonesia  were  Phytophthora  palmivora.  Morphologycharacteristics of pathogen isolates from cacao were smaller andsignificantly different in length, width, length/width ratio ofsporangium and diameter of colony compared to coconut’s isolates.Sporangia of 22 isolates were caducous with short pedicel, but werevariable in shape and size. The culture produced ovoid, limoniform,obturbinate, dan obpyriform sporangia, average 40-62 µm in length and28-43 µm in width. The colony types were stelate, cottony and rossaceouswith average diameter of coconut isolates 54.8 cm and cacao isolates 43.4cm. Specific fragment of 900 bp was successfully amplify from coconutand cacao infected by P. palmivora. The DNA sequence analysis of thenuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that thecoconut isolates were not in the same cluster with the cacao isolates. Basedon sequence analysis, the P. palmivora isolates from Indonesia showeddifferent cluster from those of Taiwan, Ghana, Puerto Rico and Costa Ricaisolates.Key words :  Coconut, Cocos nucifera, cacao, Theobroma cacao,diseases, P. palmivora, diversity, morphology, molecular,sequencing  ITS-DNA,  East  Java,  North  Sulawesi,Gorontalo, West Jav
PENGARUH TOPPING, JUMLAH DAUN, DAN WAKTU PENYAMBUNGAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENYAMBUNGAN JAMBU MENTE DI LAPANGAN ROBBER ZAUBIN; RUDI SURYADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.55-60

Abstract

Rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan jambu mente di Indonesia, yaitu rata-rata hanya 350 kg gclondongha, disebabkan antara lain karena pohon- pohonnya berasal dari bibit (seedling) yang mutunya kurang baik. Untuk meningkatkan potensi produksinya, pertanaman jambu mente yang ada sebaiknya disambung dengan batang atas (entres) unggul.Teknik penyam- bungan dirumah atap sudah tersedia dengan hasil 90% - 95% sambungan hidup, sedangkan untuk penyambungan di lapangan baru dilakukan dengan metode sambung samping dengan keberhasilan 40%. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Cikampek mulai Januari 2000 sampai dengan Januai 2001, dengan tujuan untuk menguji perlakuan topping, jumlah daun batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan penyambungan jambu mente di lapangan Rancangannya adalah petak tcrpisah dengan 2 ulangan dan 32 sambungan/ perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) lopping (pembuangan pucuk batang bawah), sebagai petak utama, terdii atas (al) tanpa topping, dan (a2) topping; (2) jumlah daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan, sebagai anak petak, terdiri atas : (bl) 2 daun, disambungpukul 08.00-11.00, (b2) 2 daun, disambung pukul 1 1.00-13 00, (b3) 2 daun, disambung pukul 13.00-15.00, (M) 4 daun, disambung pukul 08.00-11.00, (b5) 4 daun, disambung pukul 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 daun, disambung, pukul 13.00-15.00. Topping dilakukan 7 hai sebelum penyambungan. Sebagai batang bawah digunakan tunas-tunas yang tumbuh dai pangkal batang mente jenis Pecangaan yang ditebang pada tinggi I m. Batang atas diambil dai pohon unggul jenis Balakrisnan-02. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah sambungan yang hidup, pertumbuhan tunas, dan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi yang nyata dari perlakuan terhadap semua parameter. Interaksi terbaik diperoleh pada topping dengan 4 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 08.00 - 11.00, dengan jumlah sambungan hidup, pertumbuhan tunas dan jumlah daun tetinggi, masing-masing 86.36% ; 27 cm ; dan 14 daun, sedangkan hasil terendah ditunjukkan oleh interaksi tanpa topping dengan 2 helai daun pada batang bawah dan waktu penyambungan pukul 1 3 00-15.00, dengan 10% sambungan hidup, petumbuhan tunas 12 cm, dan 5 helai daun.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, topping, teknik penyambungan, produktivitas ABSTRACTEffect of topping, number of leaves and time of grafting on the success of cashew grafting at ield conditionsThe low productivity of cashew plantation in Indonesia, average 350 kg pods/ha, is among others caused by low quality of the cashew plants developed from seedlings. To increase the productivity, the existing trees should be grated with scions taken from high yielding vaieties. The grating technique of cashew at lath-house conditions is available with a success of 90-95%, however, grating technique for ield conditions using (he side grat succeded only 40%. The experiment was conducted at Cikampek Research Installation - Balittro, from January 2000 to January 2001, lo studs the efect of topping, number of leaves on rootstock, and the lime of grating on the success of cashew grating at ield conditions. The design was a split plot, with 2 replicates and 32 grats/treatment. The treatments were (1) topping of the rootstock, as the main plot, consisted of (al) without topping, (a2) topping, and (2) number of leaves on the rootstock and period of grating, as the subplot, consisted of (bl) 2 leaves at the rootstock/grated at 8.00 - 1 1.00, (b2) 2 leaves at the rootstock/graded at 11.00-13.00, (b3) 2 leaves al the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00, (b4) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 08.00- 11.00, (b5) 4 leaves at the rootstock/grafted at 11.00-13.00, (b6) 4 leaves at the rootstock/gratcd at 13.00-15.00. Topping was conducted 7 days before grating Shoots grown from the trunk of the Pecangaan type, coppiced at I m height, were used as the rootstock Scions were taken from high yielding vaiety Balakisnan 02 type. Parameters assessed were number of 'lakes" and growth of scion, consisted of length of scion and number of leaves. Results of the expeiment showed that there were significant interaction of the treatments on all of the parameters. The best interaction was shown by topping with 4 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 8.00-11.00 which resulted in a 86.3% of "takes", 27 cm length of scion with 14 leaves, while the lowest results were shown by without topping with 2 leaves at the rootstock and grated at 13.00- 15.00 with 10% of "takes". 12 cm lengOi of scion with 5 leaves.Key words Anacardium occidentale L., grafting technique, topping, productivity
PEWARISAN SIFAT HERMAPRODIT DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP DAYA HASIL PADA JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) RR. SRI HARTATI; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.117-129

Abstract

ABSTRAKKontribusi sifat hermaprodit terhadap daya hasil tanaman jarakpagar belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui peranbunga hermaprodit terhadap daya hasil dan mekanisme pewarisannya.Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 60 genotipe jarak pagar di Kebun PercobaanBalittri Sukabumi. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei 2007 sampaidengan Juli 2010. Jarak tanam 2 m x 2 m, menggunakan 2,5 kg pupukkandang + 20 g Urea + 20 g SP 36 + 10 g KCl per tanaman. Penelitianterdiri dari (1) evaluasi tipe bunga jarak pagar dan (2) pewarisan sifathermaprodit dan kontribusinya terhadap daya hasil. Hasil evaluasimenunjukkan bahwa delapan dari 60 genotipe jarak pagar yang dievaluasimerupakan tanaman tri-monoecious yang menghasilkan bunga jantan,bunga betina, dan bunga hermaprodit, 52 lainnya merupakan tanamanmonoecious yang hanya menghasilkan bunga jantan dan bunga betina.Karakter yang dimiliki oleh delapan genotipe tri-monoecious yangdievaluasi adalah lebih lambat berbunga (mulai berbunga pada umur 120-274 hari) dan berdaya hasil rendah sampai sedang (jumlah buah 23-228per tanaman pada tahun pertama). Kemunculan bunga hermaprodit tidakterjadi sepanjang tahun, tetapi lebih dominan pada tanaman berumur enambulan. Persentase bunga hermaprodit berkisar 6,25-53% dari total bungayang dihasilkan. Persentase fruitset pada tandan bunga hermaprodit lebihtinggi dibanding tandan bunga non-hermaprodit, dengan tingkatkeberhasilan rata-rata 80% (kisaran 56-100%). Pada tandan bunga yangtidak menghasilkan bunga hermaprodit, buah jadi rata-rata sebesar 50%(kisaran 11-100%). Daya hasil tanaman jarak pagar ditentukan olehgenetik tetua. Bunga hermaprodit diwariskan oleh tetua betina maupuntetua jantan. Gen pengendali sifat hermaprodit diduga adalah gensederhana yang bersifat dominan.Kata kunci: Jatropha  curcas,  monoecious,  tri-monoecious,  bungahermaprodit, fruit setABSTRACTHermaphrodite character has been reported in physic nut, its roleand contribution to production process especially to the yield has not beeninvestigated. The objectives of this research were to evaluatehermaphrodite flowers contribution on yield and their mechanisminheritance. The evaluation was conducted at the Experimental Station ofBalittri Sukabumi from May 2007 to July 2010. The spacing was 2 m x 2m with 2,5 kg manure + 20 g Urea + 20 g SP 36 + 10 g KCl/plant. Theexperiment consisted of (1) evaluation of flower type of physic nut and(2) hermaphrodite inheritance and their contribution on yield. Results ofthe experiment indicated eight from 60 physic nut genotypes were tri-monoecious which were capable on producing male, female, andhermaphrodite flowers while as the rest (52 genotypes) were monoeciouswhich produced only male and female flowers. The tri-monoecious weregenerally late flowering (120-274 days after planting) and low to mediumyield (producing 23-228 fruits per plant in the first year). Hermaphroditeflowers generally occurred six months after planting at the amount rangedfrom 6,25-53% of total flowers. Fruit set of inflorescences havinghermaphrodite flowers was higher, average of 80% (ranged from 56-100%) than those with female and male flowers, average of 50% (rangedfrom 11-100%). Yield of physic nut was affected by the genetic potentialof their parents rather than hermaphrodite character. Hermaphrodite flowercharacter was inherited by both female and male parents and might becontrolled by simple-dominant gene.Key words: Jatropha curcas, monoecious, tri-monoecious, hermaphroditeflower, fruit set
KINERJA PASAR PANDAN SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI ANYAMAN DI KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA B. SUDJARMOKO; D. LISTYATI; M. HERMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 2 (2005): JUNI 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n2.2005.73-77

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman pandan di Indonesia pada umumnya digunakan sebagaibahan baku untuk industri anyaman yang merupakan komoditas ekspor.Introduksi atau pengembangan tanaman pandan menjadi salah satualternatif pada daerah-daerah yang dominan mengguna-kan bahan bakupandan untuk kebutuhan industri, terutama industri anyaman danhandicraft. Untuk mengetahui kinerja pemasaran pandan maka pada bulanJuli-Agustus 2004 telah dilakukan penelitian di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya,Jawa Barat, sebagai sentra penghasil dan industri anyaman pandan diIndonesia. Petani responden dipilih secara acak, demikian pula pedagangpengumpul I, pedagang pengumpul II, dan produsen anyaman pandan.Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas data primer dan sekunder berupa dataharga deret waktu (time series) dari berbagai sumber. Pendekatan yangdigunakan adalah model Structure - Conduct - Performance, denganpangsa petani dan transmisi harga sebagai indikator kinerja pasar. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petani menggunakansaluran pemasaran I (89,25%) dan hanya 10,75% yang menggunakansaluran pemasaran II. Bagian harga yang diterima petani hanya 31,25%pada saluran I dan 37,50% pada saluran pemasaran II. Nilai elastisitastransmisi harga sebesar 0,5148 mengindikasikan bahwa perubahan hargapandan tidak seluruhnya ditransmisikan ke petani produsen. Kinerja pasaryang kurang baik ini terjadi karena struktur pasar yang kurang bersaingdan perilaku pasar yang menjadikan posisi tawar petani lemah berhadapandengan pedagang pengumpul.Kata kunci: Pandanus sp, struktur, perilaku, kinerja pasar, pangsapetani, elastisitas transmisi hargaABSTRACTMarket performance of pandanus as raw material ofhandicraft industry in TasikmalayaPandanus (Pandanus sp.) is the essential raw material of handicraftand potential export commodities. The research was carried out to study ofpandanus performance market. The study was conducted at Tasikmalaya,West Java, as main pandanus handicraft producer, on July-August 2004used survey method. Data collected consisted of primary and secondarydata (time series). The sampling method used was simple randomsampling for farmers, traders I, traders II, and pandanus handicraftproduct. Data analyzed was designed with Structure - Conduct –Performance or SCP model. Farmer share and price transmissionelasticity as main indicator and criteria of analysis. The results showedthat 89,25% farmers used marketing channel I, only 10,75% usedmarketing channel II. Farmers share were only 31,25% on marketingchannel I and 37,50% on marketing channel II. Price transmissionelasticity was 0,5148 indicated that pandanus market had asymmetricprices information. The bad pandanus performance market caused byimperfect market and market conduct while powerless bargaining positionof pandanus farmers.Key words: Pandanus sp., structure, conduct, performance, market,farmers share, prices transmission elasticity
PENYEBAB DAN SERANGGA VEKTOR PENYAKIT KERITING PADA TANAMAN LADA RODIAH BALFAS; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI; T. L. MARDININGSIH; ENDANG SUGANDI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 1 (2002): Maret, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n1.2002.7-11

Abstract

The cause of stunting disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia has not yet been confirmed cither due o a virus or mycoplaam. However, similar disease found on black pepper plants in the Southeast Asia is caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMV) which is transmitted by Planococcus citri. This expeiments was aimed o examine the cause of the stunting disease and its insect vectors. The expeiment were conducted from October 1998 to May 2001. Diseased vegetative materials of black pepper plants showing stunting disease were collected from Sukamulya, Sukabumi. The potential insect vectors were collected from black pepper plants in Bogor, IP Sukamulya (Sukabumi), Lampung and Bangka. The insects were fed on the diseased plants obtained from Lampung, Bogor and IP Sukamulya, then transferred o the healthy plants. The healthy plants were produced rom true seeds and cutings oiginated rom Bogor and IP Sukamulya. The tested plants were incubated at the green house and examined for disease development. Diseased leaf samples collected rom black pepper plant rom IP. Sukamulya and the transmitted plants were sent to the University of Minnesota, USA for Ihe virus (PYMV) by using ISEM (immunosorbent electron microscope). The result snowed that the leaves samples rom IP. Sukamulya were infected by PYMV. The morphology and size of the virus were similar to those caused stunting disease in the South East Asia. Potential insects vectors found on the diseased black pepper plants were two mealybugs, P. minor and Ferrisia virgata (Hemiptera; Coccoidca: PaaidbcoccidaeX aa well as an aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae). The first tial on disease transmission by using P. minor, previously reared on the potato tubers, showed one out of ten tested plants produced disease sympom. The subsequent trial using P minor, bred on healthy black pepper seedlings, showed thee out often tested plants developed disease symptoms. None of the aphid transmitted plants developed Ihe disease. This study confirmed thai PYMV b the cause of stunting disease on black pepper in IP Sukamulya and Lampung and P. minor as the insect vecor of the disease.
DAMPAK EKONOMI DAN KEBERLANJUTAN PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN KELAPA TERPADU DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA RONALD T.P. HUTAPEA; ELSJE T. TENDA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n2.2009.91-99

Abstract

ABSTRAKAkselerasi adopsi teknologi pengelolaan kelapa terpadu merupakankegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mempercepat diseminasi teknologi danmengevaluasi model yang telah dikembangkan oleh Balitka di DesaKaleosan,  Kabupaten  Minahasa  Utara  pada  tahun  2004-2006.Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dan dilaksanakan padabulan November 2006. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristikpetani, tingkat penerapan teknologi, serta usahatani. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi (1) tingkat adopsi dan difusiteknologi anjuran, (2) dampak teknologi terhadap pendapatan petani, dan(3) keberlanjutan organisasi kelompok tani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa tingkat adopsi dan difusi teknologi pembibitan kelapa dan tanamansela jagung direspon cukup baik, dengan kisaran tingkat adopsi dan difusiteknologi sebesar 57,33-70,33. Kegiatan integrasi kelapa dengan ternakbabi serta pengolahan VCO tidak terjadi proses difusi, walaupun tingkatadopsi pada kelompok tani cukup tinggi dengan kisaran 60,00 – 85,33.Dampak ekonomi dari penerapan teknologi anjuran tanaman sela danpengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas kelapa menunjukkan dampak yangpositif, dengan nilai kelayakan finansial BCR dan MBCR >1. Dampakkeberlanjutan organisasi kedua kelompok tani berada pada kelompokberkembang.Kata kunci : Kelapa, sistem usahatani, adopsi teknologi, percepatanABSTRACTAcceleration of management technology adoption ofintegrated coconut in North Minahasa regionIntegrated coconut management technology is a disseminationmodel to accelerate technology adoption in Kaleosan Village, NorthMinahasa in year 2004 – 2006. The research used survey method and wasconducted in November 2006. The data collected included farmers’characteristic, level of technology implementation, and farming systemanalysis. The purpose of this research was to gather information about (1)adoption and diffusion level of recommended technology, (2) impact oftechnology toward farmers’ income, (3) and the continuation of farmers’organization. The research result showed that the adoption stage ofcoconut seedling technology and corn intercropping was responded fairlywith the adoption stage and technologi diffusion of 57.33 – 70.33. Thediffusion process did not happen in the activity of coconut integration withpig cattle and VCO processing, eventhough the adoption stage of farmersgroup was relatively high, about 60.00 – 85.33. Economic impact ofrecommended intercropping technology application and the effect oncoconut productivity showed a positive result, with the BCR and MBCRvalues of > 1. The continuity of both farmers groups has been still indeveloping level.Key words : Coconut, farming system, technology adoption, integration

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