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Buletin Palma
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 1979679X     EISSN : 25287141     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Buletin Palma memuat artikel hasil-hasil penelitian kelapa dan palma lainnya. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Bulletin of Palma is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research finding on coconut and other palm research results. SCOPE Scope of Bulletin of Palma are: 1. Scope of science: Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Socio-Economics, Agronomy, Bioetechnology, Plant Breeding, Plant pathology, Plant Protection, Plant Physiology, Soil Science, Seed Technology, Primary Post Harvest, Climate science, Genetic resources, Entomology,Farming system, Environment, Agricultural extension 2. Scope of commodities : spice, medicinal, aromatic and industrial crops The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 220 Documents
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Hama Baru Tungau Kelapa Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) pada Tanaman Kelapa di Minahasa Utara dan Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara MELDY L.A. HOSANG; A.A. LOLONG; N. LUMENTUT; DIANA NOVIANTI; nFn RAHMA; nFn SALIM
Buletin Palma Vol 14, No 2 (2013): Vol. 14 No. 2, Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v14n2.2013.69-75

Abstract

Tungau kelapa Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang sangat merusak pada tanaman kelapa di India dan Sri Lanka tetapi belum pernah dilaporkan menyerang tanaman kelapa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab kerusakan buah kelapa dan tingkat serangan hama pada pertanaman kelapa di lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Kota Bitung, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Fitopatologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma sejak bulan Oktober – Desember 2012. Pada setiap lokasi dipilih secara acak 5-10 tanaman kelapa yang sudah berproduksi dan berumur sekitar 20-40 tahun. Setiap tanaman contoh dipanjat kemudian diamati kerusakan bunga, buah dan produksi tanaman kelapa. Diambil contoh bunga dan buah terserang dan diamati di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hama yang merusak tanaman kelapa di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan Kota Bitung adalah tungau kelapa A. guerreronis. Hama ini pertama kali dilaporkan terjadi ledakan populasi di Desa Winuri, Kecamatan Likupang Timur, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan beberapa desa di Kota Bitung, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Contoh buah asal Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang menunjukkan gejala serangan, ternyata persentase buah yang ditemukan tungau Aceria guerreronis bervariasi antara 50,00 – 87,67% dan di Kota Bitung 45,71 – 89,29%. Kata kunci: Kelapa, hama baru, tungau, Aceria guerreronis.ABSTRACTNew Pest of Coconut Mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Coconut Plantation in North Minahasa and Bitung Regency, North SulawesiCoconut mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) is one of the most destructive pests of coconut in India and Sri Lanka, but has not previously been reported in coconut palm in Indonesia. The objective of this study were to confirm the previous report by identifying the mite and determining the level of coconut damage in the field. The research was conducted in North Minahasa and Bitung Regencies, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia and in the laboratory of Entomology and Phytopathology, Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute from October to December 2012. At each location 5 to 10 mature palms of 20 to 40 years old were randomly selected. Samples of infested female flowers, and nuts were taken by climbing the palm and the level of damages were estimated in the laboratory. Coconut production of the infested palms were determined by climbing the palm and counting the nuts per bunch. The results confirmed that cocout palm in North Minahasa regency and Bitung City have been infested by coconut mite A. guerreronis. This pest was first reported in the outbreak area at Winuri Village, East Likupang District, North Minahasa regency and some villages in Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The percentage of A. guerreronis infestation in the coconuts from North Minahasa and Bitung regencies varied between 50.00 to 87.67% and between 45.71 to 89.29, repectively.
Inang Alternatif Phytophthora palmivora Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Kelapa A.A. LOLONG
Buletin Palma Vol 13, No 1 (2012): Juni, 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v13n1.2012.1-6

Abstract

Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam usaha peningkatan produktivitas kelapa adalah adanya serangan penyakit busuk pucuk yang disebabkan oleh jamur Phytophthora palmivora. Masalah ini masih terus berlangsung dan bahkan dilaporkan bahwa penyakit busuk pucuk telah menyerang jenis kelapa Dalam yang sebelumnya dilaporkan tahan. Pengendalian penyakit busuk pucuk sulit dilaksanakan karena tanaman terserang dapat mati atau tidak dapat disembuhkan lagi. Tindakan pencegahan dianjurkan dengan cara sanitasi tanaman dan kebun serta melakukan perlakuan dengan bahan kimia untuk tanaman disekitar tanaman sakit. Penanaman tanaman sela dengan tidak memperhatikan jenis tanaman yang merupakan inang alternatif dari P. palmivora akan mendorong meningkatnya populasi tanaman rusak di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mengidentifikasi tanaman inang dan potensi pembentukan oospora dari beberapa isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa dan tanaman lainnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi dan Kebun Percobaan Mapanget Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma pada bulan Januari - Juni 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan (jenis tanaman) dan 5 ulangan. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan inokulasi dengan 19 isolat. P. palmivora mampu menginfeksi tanaman kakao, pepaya dan lada sehingga dapat merupakan inang alternatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Isolat P. palmivora asal kelapa, kakao dan lada sangat virulen terhadap spesifik inang masing-masing dan tidak mampu menginfeksi tanaman vanili. Inokulasi silang dapat terjadi antara isolat asal kelapa dengan isolat asal kakao dan lada dengan produksi oospora yang sangat banyak, sehingga kakao dan lada tidak dianjurkan untuk menjadi tanaman sela pada kelapa di daerah endemik penyakit busuk pucuk. Kata kunci : Inang alternatif, isolat, Phytophthora palmivora, kelapa.ABSTRACTAlternate Host of Several Isolates Phytophthora palmivora Causing Coconut BudrotOne of the obstacles encountered in efforts to increase the productivity of coconut is the bud rot disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora. This issue is still continous and it is reported that the disease can attack Tall type of coconut which was previously reported resistant. Control for bud rot disease is difficult because of infected plants may die or can no longer be cured. Precautions recommended by sanitation plants and farms as well as chemicals treatment around the plants. Intercropped with alternate hosts of P. palmivora will encourage the increased population of damaged plants in the field. This study aims to determine, identify potential host plants and oospore formation of several isolates of P. palmivora coconut and other plant origin. Research conducted in the Fitopatology laboratory and in the Mapanget experimental garden of the Indonesian Palmae Research Institute in January-June 2009. The design used was completely randomized with eight treatments (plant species) and five replications. Each treatment is carried out inoculation with 19 isolates. Result show that P. palmivora can infect cocoa coconut, papaya and pepper and can be an alternative host. Isolates of P. palmivora from coconut, cocoa and pepper showed highly virulent for each specific host and is not capable of infecting vanilla plants. Cross inoculation can occur between isolates from the isolates from cocoa coconut and pepper with the production Oospores very much, so the cocoa and pepper plants are not recommended to be intercrop in the coconut in endemic area of budrot diseases.
Teknik Budidaya Kelapa Organik / The Organic Coconut Cultivation Technique R B Maliangkay; Yulianus Rompah Matana
Buletin Palma No 31 (2006): Desember, 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v1n31.2006.37-45

Abstract

The awareness of the impact of agricultural development to the quality of environment has leaded the coconut cultivation technique to produce organic coconut products. There is no use of anorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticide in organic farming system. As a result, the uses of coconut product that free from any chemical substance, such as botanical pesticide, and wasted coconut parts have been intensified. Agricultural products using organic label have certain markets and consumers and high price as well. Some countries such as Pantai Gading Sri Lanka have intensively used wasted coconut parts as organic fertilizer. Organic coconut products can be obtained by applying organic coconut cultivation technique.   RINGKASAN Menyadari dampak pembangunan pertanian terhadap mutu lingkungan maka pengusahaan kelapa harus berorientasi terhadap mutu lingkungan dengan mendorong terciptannya produkproduk kelapa organik melalui teknik budidaya kelapa organik. Pertanian organik tidak menggunakan input luar berupa pupuk buatan (anorganik) dan pestisida kimia. Teknologi tersebut meliputi penggunaan produk kelapa yang berasal dari tanaman yang bebas pengaruh bahan kimia, seperti penggunaan pupuk organik, penggunanan pestisida nabati dan pengolahan limbah dari tanaman kelapa sebagai bahan organik yang nantinya akan digunakan sebagai pupuk pada tanaman kelapa. Produk pertanian yang memiliki label organik memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi serta mempunyai pasar dan konsumen tersendiri. Di beberapa negara seperti Pantai Gading dan Sri Langka pemanfaatan bagian dari limbah tanaman kelapa sudah dilaksanakan sebagai pupuk organik. Dengan menerapkan teknik budidaya kelapa organik dapat menghasilkan produk kelapa organik.
Intersepsi Hujan pada Berbagai Umur Tanaman Kelapa NOLI L. BARRI
Buletin Palma No 39 (2010): Desember, 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v0n39.2010.128-142

Abstract

The Rainfall Interception of Different Age of CoconutDistribution of the amount of water available in coconut plantation determined not only by supply from outside in the form of rain or irrigation, but also is determined by planting distance, planting system and age of coconut. Some researches indicates a significant correlation between the rainfall intensity and the agronomic properties of plants with the amount of trough fall, net or effective rainfall and canopy interception. Therefore, the distribution of rain in coconut palms in different ages need to be studied. The main objective of this research is to know the difference of trough fall, effective rainfall and rainfall interception in of coconut palms in different ages. The research was done observation methode the coconut palms were selected purposively based on the coconut ages (5, 20 and 50 years old). For measuring the rainfall distribution at each coconut plantation used from coconut palms.The results showed that the average trough fall of 5, 20, and 50 years old coconut palms was 53.67, 31.14, and 39.21 percent of average rainfall, respectively. Effective rainfall or net rainfall that reached the area in coconut plantations did not differ with trough fall. The average rainfall interception of canopy 5, 20, and 50 years old were coconut plantation was are respectively 46.33, 68.82, and 23.51 percent of rainfall. The relationship during rainfall intensity and trough fall and effective rainfall is positive linear. Its meaning that the higher rainfall intensity will followed by the greater of trough fall and the effective rainfall.In the otherside, the In the other side the relations between rainfall intensity and canopy interception is logarithmic. At means that each canopy in different age of coconut have a certain capacity to hold rain water. Capacity of coconut canopy 5, 20, and 50 years old to hold water of rain were 1.171 , 2.219, and 0.896 mm respectively.
Pemanfaatan Blondo sebagai Starter dalam Pembuatan Yogurt JUDITH HENNY MANDEI
Buletin Palma Vol 16, No 1 (2015): Juni, 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v16n1.2015.66-76

Abstract

ABSTRAK Blondo yang diperoleh sebagai hasil samping dari VCO mengandung bakteri Lactobacillus sp. sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kultur starter dalam pembuatan yogurt. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan blondo dan starter lainnya sebagai starter dalam pembuatan yogurt.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai November 2013 di Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Perikanan dan  Ilmu Kelautan Unsrat Manado. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yaitu: fermentasi VCO, pemisahan blondo,  isolasi, identifikasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL), pembuatan kultur starter, pembuatan yogurt dan pengujian mutu yogurt.  Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, perlakuan adalah jenis starter yaitu; starter langsung dari blondo,  isolat (homofermentatif dan heterofermentatif) hasil isolasi blondo, kultur murni (campuran  L. bulgaricus dan S.  thermophilus), dan kultur campuran kering yang mengandung L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus dan S. thermophilus, dengan  ulangan tiga kali. Parameter yang diuji adalah mutu yogurt (total BAL, abu, protein, lemak, total asam laktat, padatan  susu non lemak, penampakan, bau, rasa,  konsistensi), dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang diperoleh dari blondo dengan waktu fermentasi 1 hari tidak teridentifikasi adanya BAL homofermentatif maupun  heterofermentatif, dan  isolat yang diperoleh dari blondo dengan waktu fermentasi 2 hari teridentifikasi adanya BAL homofermentatif, diduga adalah bakteri L. delbruecki  subsp. bulgaricus dan L. casei, sedangkan  isolat yang diperoleh dari blondo dengan waktu fermentasi 3 hari teridentifikasi adanya BAL heterofermentatif, diduga L. fermenti. Starter aktif  yang dibuat langsung dari blondo dengan konsentrasi 15, 20, dan 25% bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai starter yogurt, menghasilkan yogurt yang memenuhi syarat mutu SNI 2981:2009, dan secara organoleptik disukai panelis.Kata kunci: Kelapa, blondo, starter, yogurt. Utilization of Blondo as a Starter in Processing of Yoghurt ABSTRACT Blondo is a by product from VCO process contains which Lactobacillus sp. bacteria that can be used as starter culture in the processing of yoghurt. The research aimed to utilize blondo and other starter as a starter of yoghurt processing. The research was conducted from February to November 2013 in the Laboratory of Research and Standardization Industry Manado and Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences at Sam Ratulangi University  Manado.  The study was conducted in several stages, which are: fermentation of VCO, blondo separation, isolation, identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the starter sultures processing, producing and quality test of yoghurt. Research used completely randomized design, treatments based on starter types are; starter directly from blondo, isolates (homo-fermentative and heterofermentative) from blondo, pure culture (a mixture of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus), and dry mixed culture containing L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus, three times repetition. The tested parameters were the quality of yoghurt (total LAB, ash, protein, fat, total lactic acid, non-fat milk solids, appearance, odor, flavor, consistency), and organoleptic. The results on isolates obtained from blondo showed that one day fermentation time did not show any homofermentative and heterofermentative lactid acid bacterias. Two days fermentation time showed homofermentative lactid acid bacterias assumed L. delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus and L. casei, while 3 days of fermentation  provided heterofermentative Lactic acid bacterias assumed L. fermenti. Actived starter made directly from blondo with  concentration 15, 20, and 25% can be used as a of yoghurt starter, producing yoghurt which complied the quality requirements of SNI 2981: 2009, and preferred by panelists.Keywords: Coconut, blondo, starter, yoghurt.
Variasi Kandungan Minyak dan Asam Lemak Rantai Medium Kelapa Lokal pada Elevasi yang Berbeda ELSJE T. TENDA
Buletin Palma No 36 (2009): Juni, 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v0n36.2009.8-16

Abstract

Variation of Oil and Medium Fatty Acid Chain of Local Coconut from Different ElevationThe research was conducted from March to December 2007 by using nine cultivars of local tall from farmers plantation in North Minahasa, South Minahasa and Bolaang Mongondow regions of North Sulawesi. The sample from each regions was taken out from three different elevation. Each cultivars was selected 15 palms and each palm was taken two mature nuts. VCO processing was done using stage heating and natural fermentation. Fatty acid content was analized at BBIA-Bogor and FTP – UGM laboratories. Beside of that, has been done oil content analyzes of kernel. The result showed that elevation did not influence to oil content and médium chain fatty acid (MCFA). MCFA of VCO from stage heating process almost the same with natural fermentation process.
Karakteristik Generasi Selfing Kelapa Dalam Mapanget untuk Seleksi Pohon Induk Sumber Polen WEDA MAKARTI MAHAYU; HENGKY NOVARIANTO
Buletin Palma Vol 15, No 1 (2014): Juni, 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v15n1.2014.24-32

Abstract

Kelapa Dalam Mapanget (DMT) adalah hasil seleksi massa positif dan negatif terhadap karakter produksi dari 100 pohon terpilih di Kecamatan Mapanget, Sulawesi Utara. Beberapa nomor terpilih yang teridentifikasi potensi hasil tinggi adalah DMT-10, DMT-32, dan DMT-55 yang selanjutnya di-selfing hingga generasi keempat. Kemajuan seleksi dan peningkatan homozigositas kelapa DMT selfing diharapkan dapat meningkatkan potensi produksi varietas hibrida yang dihasilkan dengan pertambahan tinggi batang lambat dan seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman karakter morfologi kelapa Dalam Mapanget generasi OP, S3 dan S4 sebagai panduan dalam seleksi pohon induk sumber polen dalam perakitan kelapa hibrida. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KP. Kayuwatu dan KP. Kima Atas BalitPalma, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara pada bulan September hingga November 2013. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter vegetatif, generatif dan produksi dan dihitung nilai rata-rata, standar deviasi dan koefisien keragamannya. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa koefisien keragaman karakter pada generasi selfing ketiga dan keempat Kelapa DMT pada umumnya meningkat bila dibanding dengan populasi menyerbuk terbuka. Nilai KK sedang hingga tinggi pada populasi Kelapa DMT-S3 adalah: jumlah buah/tandan (sedang), jumlah bunga betina/mayang (sedang), tebal tangkai mayang (sedang). Sedangkan pada populasi kelapa DMT-S4 adalah: jumlah tandan/pohon (sedang), jumlah buah/tandan (sedang), jumlah bunga betina/mayang (tinggi) dan tinggi batang bebas daun (sedang). Karakter yang mengalami peningkatan nilai rata-rata sebagai dampak dari kemajuan seleksi pada perlakuan selfing adalah: jumlah daun, jumlah anak daun, lebar anak daun, panjang anak daun, jumlah buah/tandan (S3), jumlah tandan/pohon, berat buah utuh (S4), berat buah tanpa sabut (S4), berat tempurung (S4), berat air (S4), berat daging buah. Kata kunci: Seleksi massa, penyerbukan sendiri, efek silangdalam, populasi silangdalam.ABSTRACTCharacteristic of Mapanget Tall Selfed Generation for Coconut Parent Selection as Pollen SourceMapanget tall (DMT) coconut variety originated from positive and negative mass selection of 100 coconut provenance based of production in the Mapanget District, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Some of the selected palms were high yielding, such as: DMT-10, DMT-32, and the DMT-55. Self pollination up to the fourth generations was carried out from those three provenance. The objectives of this study were to determine morphological character variations among Mapanget Tall coconut of OP, S3 and S4 generation that can be used to select pollen sources parents for developing more uniform and high yielding coconut hybrid. The research was conducted in the Kayuwatu and Kima Atas Experimental Garden, Indonesia Palm Research Institute, North Sulawesi Province in September to November 2013. The data collected include vegetative, generative, and yield characters. Means, standard deviation and coefficient of variance (cv) for each characters were calculated for each of the parameters. Results of the evaluations indicated selfing to the third and fourth generation showed higher coefficient of variability for the observed characters than that of open pollinated Mapanget coconut populations. The cv was moderate in the S3 population for parameters of harvested fruits per bunch (medium), female flowers per bunch (medium), and stalk thichnes (medium). While the S4 population are: bunch per palm (medium), harvested fruits per bunch (medium), female flowers per bunch (high) and plant height (medium). The following characters have higher means in the selfed population: leaf number per palm, leaflet number, leaf width, leaf length, harvested fruits per bunch (S3), bunch per palm, whole fruit weight (S4), nut weight (S4), shell weight (S4), coconut milk weigth (S4), meat weight.
Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Kelapa : Sejarah, Penyebab dan Penyebarannya Hiasinta F.J Motulo
Buletin Palma No 34 (2008): Juni, 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v0n34.2008.%p

Abstract

Penyakit busuk pucuk kelapa (BPK) merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman kelapa karena menyebabkan kematian tanaman. Gejala serangan yang dimulai dari terkulainya daun tombak nampak sangat jelas bila dibandingkan dengan gejala serangan hama Brontispa longissima atau Oryctes rhinoceros. Kejadian epidemik penyakit BPK pertama kali dilaporkan terjadi di  Pulau Luzon (Filipina) tahun 1919, setelah itu mulai dilaporkan di Pantai Gading (West Afrika) tahun 1984, dan pada pertanaman kelapa PB121 di Desa Pandu, Minahasa (Sulawesi Utara) tahun 1984. Penyebab penyakit busuk pucuk kelapa adalah Phytophthora palmivora yang tergolong dalam Stramenopila atau Chromista. P. palmivora dibedakan dari cendawan terutama oleh  beberapa faktor, yaitu memiliki dua jenis flagela dan miselium yang diploid. Dalam penyebarannya, P. palmivora memiliki lima propagul, yaitu miselium, sporangium, klamidospora, zoospora dan oospora yang digunakan untuk menginfeksi tanaman kelapa. Curah hujan dan kelembaban yang tinggi mempercepat proses perkembangan penyakit di lapangan.
Eksplorasi Bakteri Penghasil Eksopolisakarida dari Rizosfer Kelapa Sawit sebagai Pemantap Agregat Tanah [Exploration of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria from Oil Palm Rhizosphere as a Soil Aggregate stabilizer] Nuni Gofar; Diana Utama
Buletin Palma Vol 21, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v21n1.2020.22-28

Abstract

Palm oil cultivated in sandy or sandy loam with aggregate not stable and easily eroded, will lack water and nutrients. To increase sandy soil aggregation, soil aggregate stabilizing agents must be added, one of which is exopolysaccharideproducing bacteria.This study aimed to explore exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria from the oil palm rhizosphere and analyze their ability to form soil aggregates. Bacterial exploration was carried out by isolating bacteria from various age groups of oil palm rhizosphere, then isolates were selected which were able to produce the best exopolysaccharide, then tested it ability in stabilizing the soil aggregate. Bacterial selection and isolation was carried out in the Soil Biology Laboratory, Department of Land, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The results showed that six isolates had the potential to produce exopolysaccharide (S1A, S3A, S3B, S4A, S4B and S4C) characterized by the presence of thick slime and produce exopolysaccharide. Based on the calculation of exopolysaccharide weight, S4C isolates from oil palm rhizosphere samples over the age of 10 years were able to produce the best exopolysaccharide weight of 44.25 g mL-1. After 2 months incubation, the soil which was inoculated with S4C bacteria had very stable aggregates (excellent physical quality) which differed significantly compared to soil aggregates without bacterial inoculation (poor physical quality).It is recommended to continue the study of the ability of S4C isolates to increase aggregation and water and nutrient retention in soils with high sand content. ABSTRAKTanaman kelapa sawit yang dibudidayakan pada tanah berpasir atau lempung berpasir dengan kemantapan agregat rendah dan mudah tererosi, akan kekurangan air dan unsur hara. Untuk meningkatkan agregasi tanah berpasir, harus ditambahkan agen pemantap agregat tanah, salah satunya adalah bakteri penghasil eksopolisakarida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bakteri penghasil eksopolisakarida asal rizosfer kelapa sawit dan menguji kemampuannya dalam membentuk agregat tanah. Eksplorasi bakteri dilakukan dengan mengisolasi bakteri dari rizosfer kelapa sawit berbagai umur, kemudian dipilih isolat yang mampu menghasilkan eksopolisakarida terbaik, lalu menguji kemampuannya dalam memantapkan agregat tanah. Seleksi dan isolasi bakteri dilakukan di Laboratorim Biologi Tanah, Jurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sriwijaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enam isolat berpotensi menghasilkan eksopolisakarida (S1A, S3A, S3B, S4A, S4B dan S4C) ditandai dengan adanya slime tebal dan menghasilkan eksopolisakarida. Berdasarkan perhitungan bobot eksopolisakarida, isolat S4C asal sampel rizosfer kelapa sawit berumur lebih dari 10 tahun mampu menghasilkan bobot eksopolisakarida terbaik yaitu 44,25 g mL-1. Setelah diinkubasi 2 bulan, tanah yang diinokulasi bakteri S4C memiliki agregat dengan kualitas fisik sangat baik yang berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan agregat tanah tanpa diinokulasi bakteri (kualitas fisik buruk). Disarankan untuk melanjutkan kajian kemampuan isolat S4C dalam meningkatkan agregasi serta retensi air dan hara pada tanah dengan kadar pasir yang tinggi.
Karakteristik dan Potensi Produksi Pati Varietas Sagu Bestari [Characteristics and Starch Production Potential of Sago Bestari Variety] Hengky Novarianto; Ismail Maskromo; Meity A Tulalo; Elsje T Tenda; Jeanette Kumaunang; Donata S. Pandin; Sukmawati Mawardi
Buletin Palma Vol 21, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v21n1.2020.29-37

Abstract

Sago development requires plant material as superior seedlings for rehabilitation and replanting. Until 2016 two superior sago varieties were released, namely Molat sago varieties from Maluku in 2011 and Selatpanjang Meranti sago varieties from the Meranti Islands Regency, Riau in 2013. Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province is one of the areas of natural sago growth, and producing sago starch . This district has the opportunity to develop sago palms as a potential and regional producer. In connection with that, a research has been conducted which aims to find out and obtain superior sago species from Indragiri Hilir Regency, from 2015 to 2017. The research method was conducted by observing the sago population with high yield potential. For the observation, 10 sample trees every year were selected in each location/village in Gaung Anak Serka District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. Data observations were carried out on the morphological characteristics of sago and suckers, sago starch production potential, and proximate analysis. Observation data were analyzed for diversity, standard deviation and coefficient of variance. Morphological observations and production of Bestari sago starch obtained an average leaf length of 8.00 m, diameter of the diameter of bottom stem 47.37 cm, circumference of the bottom stem 148.52 cm, the number of leaf scars on the leaf-free stem 53.23 scars, the number leaves on the crown 16.98 strands, the distance of leaf scar 12.42 cm, the length of the petiole 231.00 cm, the width of the petiole 9.25 cm, the thickness of the petiole 3.93 cm, the length of the rachis 660.33 cm, the length of the leaflets 155.59 cm, leaflets width 9.39 cm, and dry starch yield 254.94 kg per palm. Proximate analysis results on Bestari sago starch obtained an average water content of 13.00%, ash content of 0.60%, fat content of 0.83%, protein content of 0.84%, crude fiber content of 0.29%, and carbohydrate content was 84.34%, with 350 calories, Vitamin C 0.96 mg/100 gr sago starch, and total sugar around 1.43%. Hoping that sago Bestari variety will become the suckers resources for sago development in Indragiri Hilir Region, Riau Province and other region of Indonesia. ABSTRAK Pengembangan sagu membutuhkan bahan tanaman sebagai bibit unggul untuk rehabilitasi dan penanaman kembali. Sampai tahun 2016 telah dilepas dua varietas sagu unggul, yaitu varietas sagu Molat asal Maluku tahun 2011 dan varietas sagu Selatpanjang Meranti asal Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti, Riau tahun 2013. Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau adalah salah satu daerah pertumbuhan sagu alami dan penghasil pati sagu. Kabupaten ini memiliki peluang untuk dikembangkan tanaman sagu sebagai potensi dan penghasilan daerah. Sehubungan dengan itu, maka telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan jenis sagu unggul asal Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, sejak tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2017. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi terhadap populasi sagu potensi hasil tinggi. Untuk pengamatan telah dipilih sebanyak 10 pohon contoh setiap tahun di setiap lokasi/Desa di Kecamatan Gaung Anak Serka, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Pengamatan data dilakukan terhadap karakteristik morfologi tanaman sagu dan anakan, potensi produksi pati sagu, dan analisis proksimat. Data pengamatan dianalisis keragaman, simpangan baku dan koefisien keragamannya. Hasil pengamatan morfologi dan produksi pati sagu Bestari diperoleh rata-rata panjang bebas daun 8,00 m, diameter batang bawah 47,37 cm, lingkar batang bawah 148,52 cm, jumlah bekas pelepah daun pada batang bebas daun 53,23 buah, jumlah daun pada mahkota 16,98 helai, jarak antar pelepah 12,42 cm, panjang pelepah 231,00 cm,lebar pelepah 9,25 cm, tebal pelepah 3,93 cm, panjang daun 660,33 cm, panjang anak daun 155,59 cm, lebar anak daun 9,39 cm, dan produksi pati kering 254,94 kg per pohon. Hasil analisis proksimat pada pati sagu Bestari diperoleh rata-rata kadar air 13,00%, kadar abu 0,60%, kadar lemak 0,83%, kadar protein 0,84%, kandungan serat kasar 0,29%, dan kadar karbohidrat adalah 84,34%, dengan 350 kalori, Vitamin C 0,96 mg/100 gr pati sagu, dan total gula sekitar 1,43%. Diharapkan varietas sagu Bestari menjadi sumber benih untuk pengembangan sagu di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau dan daerah Indonesia lainnya

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