Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Article Per Year (5 Year)

All

Perspektif, Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri

psp
Website

Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

ISSN : 14128004 EISSN : 25408240 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Majalah Perspektif Review Penelitian Tanaman Industri memuat makalah tinjauan (review) fokus pada Penelitian dan kebijakan dengan ruang lingkup (scope) komoditas Tanaman Industri/perkebunan, antara lain : nilam, kelapa sawit, kakao, tembakau, kopi, karet, kapas, cengkeh, lada, tanaman obat, rempah, kelapa, palma, sagu, pinang, temu-temuan, aren, jarak pagar, jarak kepyar, dan tebu.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 201 Documents

5 6 7 8 9

Topping, Harvesting, and Blending Tech-niques and Cigarette Design To Reduce Nicotine Levels of Tobacco and Cigarette JOKO HARTONO
Perspektif Vol 10, No 1 (2011): Juni 2011
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v10n1.2011.%p

Anti-smoking movement increasingly pressed towards the development of national tobacco and cigarette industry. Various regulations have been made, namely Government Regulation of Republic Indonesia (PPRI) No. 81 year 1999 and PPRI No. 38 year 2000. Previous PPRI No 19 of 2003, which among other things, deleting the provision levels of nicotine and tar content per cigarette but require cigarette manufacturers to include levels of nicotine and tar contained and push the Department of Agriculture to produce tobacco with health risks as small as possible, partly by decreasing nicotine content. Decreased levels of nicotine can be done with topping, sucker control, proper harvest, and blending, and design of cigarettes. Through proper topping and sucker control the tobacco nicotine content can be controlled. To reduce levels of nicotine, topping should not be too deep. Further, harvest should be done in stages, according to the maturity level of the leaves. Nicotine content of bottom leaves was lower compared to upper leaves. While in post-harvest technology, namely at the level of Tobacco Industry (IHT), decreased levels of nicotine can be done using certain types of tobacco on the blending process in order to obtain a mixture of nicotine content of tobacco which meets the requirement. For those big IHT greater reduction in levels of nicotine can be done through the engineering cigarette design. Keywords: Nicotiana tabaccum, a decrease of nicotine, topping, harvesting, blending, cigarette design.

KINERJA DAN PERSPEKTIF AGRIBISNIS LADA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI / Performance and Perpective Agribusiness of Agribusiness In Efforts to Increase Farmer Welfare Andi Amran Sulaiman; Valeriana Darwis
Perspektif Vol 17, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRAKIndonesia pernah menjadi negara peringkat pertama sebagai produsen lada dunia dan pada tahun 2017 kontribusi lada Indonesia terhadap lada dunia sebesar 19% dibawah kontribusi Vietnam sebesar 27%. Agar bisa mempertahankan peringkat atau meraih kembali sebagai produsen tertinggi dunia, maka produksi lada harus ditingkatkan. Disisi lain perlu dioptimalkan kinerja agribisnis lada dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petaninya. Tulisan ini mempergunakan data sekunder dari BPS, IPC dan Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan Kementerian Pertanian. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Produksi lada bisa ditingkatkan dengan cara: (1) penambahan luas areal berdasarkan pedoman teknis yang sudah dibuat oleh Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan dan (2) peningkatan produktivitas lada yang masih dibawah rata-rata 1 ton/ha atau jauh dibawah Vietnam (3,2 ton/ha) melalui penerapan budidaya berdasarkan Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) dan Good Manufacture Practices (GMP) terutama dalam: (i) peningkatan sosialisasi dan pemakaian bibit unggul yang sudah dirilis oleh Litbang Kementan atau bibit lokal yang sudah memperhatikan mutu genetis, mutu fisik dan mutu fisiologis. (ii) Jenis dan dosis pupuk hendaknya memperhatikan jenis tanah dan umur tanaman. (iii) Lebih disarankan mempergunakan tajar hidup, karena bisa memperpanjang umur ekonomis tanaman lada. Adapun peningkatan kinerja agribisnis lada dimulai dari: (i) peningkatan mutu produk dengan memperbaiki teknologi pasca panen khususnya mempergunakan alat pengolahan dalam perontokkan, pengupasan dan pengeringan lada. (ii) Penerapan standar SNI dalam perdagangan lada dimulai dari tingkat petani. Tujuannya agar petani dapat menjual lada sesuai dengan mutu produk yang dihasilkan. (iii) Memperpendek rantai pasar dengan cara membuat kerjasama perdagangan antara petani dengan pedagang besar atau eksportir. (iv) Petani tidak menjual lada dalam bentuk primer. (v) Untuk stabilisasi harga lada disarankan pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan resi gudang.ABSTRACTIndonesia has been the first country to rank as a world pepper producer and by 2017 Indonesia pepper contribution to the world pepper by 19% under Vietnam's contribution by 27%. In order to maintain a rank or regain as the world's highest producer, pepper production must be improved. On the other hand need to be optimized pepper agribusiness performance in improving the welfare of the farmers. This paper uses secondary data from BPS, IPC and Directorate General of Plantation Ministry of Agriculture. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive method. The production of pepper can be increased by (1) additional area based on technical guideline made by Directorate General of Plantation and (2) increase of pepper productivity which is still below average 1 ton/ha or far below Vietnam (3.2 ton/ha ) through the application of cultivation based on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Good Manufacture Practices (GMP), especially in: (i) enhancement of socialization and use of superior seeds that have been released by Research and Development of the Ministry of Agriculture or local seedlings that have paid attention to genetic quality, physical quality and physiological quality. (ii) The type and dosage of fertilizer should consider soil type and plant age. (iii) It is advisable to use live supports, because it can extend the economic life of pepper plants. The improvement of pepper agribusiness performance starts from: (i) improvement of product quality by improving post harvest technology especially using processing tool in threshing, peeling and drying of pepper. (ii) Implementation of SNI standard in pepper trade starting from farmer level. The goal is that farmers can sell pepper in accordance with the quality of the resulting product. (iii) Shortening the market chain by making trade cooperation between farmers and wholesalers or exporters. (iv) Farmers do not sell pepper in primary form. (v) For the stabilization of the price of pepper it is recommended that the government adopt a warehouse receipt policy.

Pengendalian Hama Kapas Menggunakan Mulsa Jerami Padi SUBIYAKTO SUBIYAKTO; I G.A.A. INDRAYANI
Perspektif Vol 7, No 2 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRAKTeknik pengelolaan serangga hama dan budidaya tanaman mempunyai suatu kesamaan, yaitu menciptakan ekosistem alami. Penggunaan mulsa jerami padi adalah upaya manipulasi habitat yang menyebabkan iklim mikro lebih kondusif terhadap perkembangan mikroartropoda tanah dan artropoda predator serangga hama. Pemberian mulsa jerami padi dapat meningkatkan peran artropoda predator sebagai pengendali alami serangga hama, sehingga dapat mengurangi frekuensi ambang populasi hama dan mengurangi penggunaan insektisida. Pemberian mulsa jerami padi 6 ton/ha pada tanaman kapas tumpangsari dapat mengurangi penggunaan insektisida 57%. Dilihat dari aspek budidaya, pemberian mulsa jerami dapat menjaga kelembapan dan suhu permukaan tanah. Pemberian mulsa jerami padi pada kapas tumpangsari kedelai dapat meningkatkan hasil panen kapas 21% dan kedelai 31%. Kebiasaan petani membakar jerami dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap perkembangan mikroorganisme, khususnya mikroartropoda tanah dan artropoda predator serangga hama.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, pengendalian hama, mulsa, jerami padi, tumpangsari. ABSTRACTCotton insect pest control by using paddy straw mulchInsect pest management and cultural techniques have been applying for plant management based on natural ecosystem properties. Habitat manipulation by applying paddy straw mulch is one of biological approach to increase micro climate environment become suitable for growth and development of soil arthropod population. Paddy straw mulch of 6 ton/ha enhanced the role of soil microarthropods and predators, reduced the frequency of pest population threshold, and decreased the chemical insecticide application for insect control by 57%. Straw mulch can also be used to maintain moisture and temperature of soil surface needed by arthropod for their population development. Cotton yield increased by 21% while soybean about 31% in cotton intercropped with soybean when paddy straw mulch were applied before planting during cotton season. Sanitation by burning paddy straw after harvest would make the soil environment unsuitable for growth and development of soil microorganisms due to killed by this activity.Key words: Pest control, paddy straw mulch, intercropped.

Penerapan Standar Mutu Tembakau di Indonesia SAMSURI TIRTOSASTRO
Perspektif Vol 3, No 1 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Untuk memperbaiki sistem perdagangan tembakau, pemerintah telah membuat standar mutu tembakau bersama pihak terkait, khususnya petani sebagai produsen dan industi rokok sebagai konsumen. Standar mutu yang disusun secara kesepakatan (voluntary) tersebut selanjutnya ditetapkan oleh Badan Standardisasi Nasional dalam bentuk Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan diharapkan menjadi ketenruan yang mengikat (mandatory) dalam sisem perdagangan tembakau di Indonesia. Namun demikian usaha standardisasi tersebut belum berhasil baik dan perdagangan tembakau masih menggunakan cara lama, yaitu penentuan mutu dan harga secara subyekif oleh konsumen. Penyebab belum berhasilnya penerapan standar mutu tersebut karena standar mutu belum seluruhnya sesuai dengan selera konsumen dan juga maraknya pemalsuan mutu. Mutu tembakau hendaknya dibagi dalam kelas, tipe, grade, grup, warna dan mutu. Agar pembagian inci ini dapat terlaksana, komoditas tembakau harus distandardisasi cara penanaman, panen, pengolahan, sortasi, pembungkusan atau pengebalannya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut diperlukan pembinaan petani tembakau dalam hal teknik budidaya dan pengolahan yang sesuai untuk menghasilkan mutu sesuai selera konsumen. Sistem pembinaan petani melalui kemitraan antara petani dan perusahaan tembakau sebagai pengelola merupakan langkah paling baik. Perusahaan hendaknya dapat merakit teknologi yang sesuai, mengantar kepada petani, mengawal teknologi tersebut dan menyediakan pasar serta membantu menyediakan sarana produksi dan mengusahakan pinjaman modal jika diperlukan.Kata Kunci Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum, standar mutu, unsur mutu, kemitraan petani perusahaan, peran pemerintah. ABSTRACT Application of standard tobacco quality in IndonesiaFor improving the tobacco markeing system, the government has tried to introduce quality standard of tobacco commodities. The government made the tobacco qualiy standard together with all quarters that have the relation to tobacco commodity, especially farmers as tobacco producers and cigarette factoies as tobacco consumers. The quality standard that was set up by agreement (voluntary) further was determined by the Badan Standardisasi Nasional to become Indonesian Naional Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia) format. This standard is expeced to become the hold regulaion (mandatory) for tobacco markeing sysem in Indonesia. Nevertheless, this standarizaion effort has not given good result yet. Unil now the tobacco markeing system sill use the old tradiional method, i.e. the quality and pice are set by the subjecivity of the consumers. The reasons why the tobacco quality standard applicaion has not a succeded yet, because the quality standard has not accommodaed all of the consumer expectaion, and the tobacco standard has not had the details of classificaion and there were also the large of the tobacco quality adulteraion. The tobacco quality is better to be classified as class, type, grade, group, colour and quality. In order that the details of classificaion can be caried out, the tobacco commodity should be standardized in its preparation since cultivaion, harvesing, curing, soring, and packaging. To reach this purpose, it needs guidance for farmers, especially technical-cultivation, harvesting, curing, grading, packaging and also marketing system. The objecive of the guidance was to produce tobacco quality suitable with the consumers needs. Collaboraion in in form of partnership between farmers and consumers is very important to me this program successfull. The consumers provide suitable technology, give the technology to the farmers, escorting the technology in its applicaion, credit investment and prepare the tobacco market.Key Words : Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, quality standard, quality factor, partnership collaboraion, government role

POTENTIAL OF SUPERIOR VARIETY KEMIRI SUNAN AS RESOURCES FOR BIODIESEL MATERIAL . SYAFARUDDIN; AGUS WAHYUDI
Perspektif Vol 11, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/p.v11n1.2012.%p

Biodiesel needs to be developed seriously as an alternative energy due to decrease in fossil fuel resource. Biodiesel had been planned by OPEC to be one of energy supply resource. Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is one of potential crops for the biodiesel purpose. Besides containing high oil, it also has specific characteristics such as fast growing and vigority, wide range of elevation (from low to high lands), high productivity, and good for conservation crop. The first step had been done to save the potential genetic material of kemiri sunan by variety registry to Center for Plant Variety Protection dated 25 May 2009. Based on observation in two populations (Majalengka and Garut), rendemen of kernel oil of Jumat population (Kemiri Sunan 2 Variety), about 47.21-56.00% was better than Cinunuk and Banyuresmi populations (Kemiri Sunan 1 Variety), about 40.00-43.11% and 38.10-42.00%, respectively. In general, Kemiri Sunan 2 variety was good in performance, characteristics, and quality. Results of DNA analyses using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and 16 primers in Majalengka and Garut regions showed narrow variations of kemiri sunan accession. It was indicated by one group containing seven samples (Cinunuk, Cidadap, Cicalung, Waru, Kemiri Sunan 2 Variety, Babakan, and Widara) with the similarity level of 100%, while Bodas one with >90%. Other results showed that Kemiri Sunan 1 variety had wide variation and was separated far away from the other 8 samples with the similarity level of 65%. This phenomenon was interesting to be studied according to the possibility of this individual to have better genetic characteristic possibly useful as genetic material for breeding program. Conventional breeding will be success if hybridization among individual having wide genetic variation to obtain progeny with the wide variation as well. The new released variety of kemiri sunan can be used as a new alternative of biodiesel resource. In addition, it is possible to gain added values by the utilization of existing germplasm resources.Key words: Reutealis trisperma (Blanco), high yielding varieties, alternative energy sources.

PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) SEBAGAI TANAMAN OBAT /The Development of Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) Cultivation as A Medicinal Crops Devi Rusmin
Perspektif Vol 16, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRAK Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Tanaman spesifik di dataran tinggi Dieng (ketinggian ≥2.000 m dpl) ini tergolong langka karena umumnya tidak dibudidayakan. Pengembangan tanaman di daerah yang mempunyai kondisi lingkungan yang hampir sama dengan habitat asli seperti di Gunung Putri, Cipanas (1.450 m dpl) merupakan salah satu usaha untuk mencegah tanaman dari kepunahan. Keterbatasan bahan tanaman bermutu dan penerapan teknologi budidaya yang belum optimal menjadi kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman purwoceng. Benih purwoceng yang baru dipanen pada saat masak fisiologis (7 – 8 minggu setelah antesis) mempunyai daya berkecambah sangat rendah (<20%), karena adanya dormansi afterripening. Peningkatan viabilitas potensial (daya berkecambah) dapat dilakukan dengan perendaman benih dalam larutan GA3 400 ppm selama 48 jam, pemanasan pada suhu 50˚C selama 48 jam, dan perendaman dengan KNO3 0,2% selama 24 jam. Produksi simplisia purwoceng lebih tinggi di lingkungan tumbuh asli (Dieng) dibandingkan dengan di Gunung Putri yaitu masing-masing seberat 154 kg dan 58,75 g per 10 tanaman pada umur 9 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Peningkatan produksi dan kandungan bahan aktif dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk lengkap yaitu 40 ton pupuk kandang ditambah 400 kg Urea, 200 kg SP36 dan 300 kg KCl, pupuk organik, mikoriza dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Analisis usahatani purwoceng menunjukkan bahwa dengan luasan lahan 1.000 m2 sangat fisibel dan menguntungkan. Penerapan teknologi budidaya sederhana untuk luasan 1.000 m2 menghasilkan pendapatan bersih sebesar Rp. 34.000.000. ABSTRACT Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is one of the indigenous medicinal crops from Indonesia. The plant which is endemic in Dieng plateau (2000 m above sea level/asl), has not been cultivated properly, hence its existence is endangered. The plant development at Gunung Putri, Cipanas (1500 m asl), which is resemble to its native habitat, is one of the efforts to prevent plant extinction. The main constraints of pruatjan cultivation are the limited qualified plant material and improper cultivation technology. Pruatjan seeds newly harvested at physiological maturity (7- 8 weeks after anthesis) have very low germination percentage (<20%), due to the afterripening dormancy. The potential viability (germination rate) can be improved by soaking the seeds in 400 ppm GA3 solution for 48 hours, heating at 50˚C for 48 hours, and soaking in 0,2% KNO3solution for 24 hours. The yield of pruatjan at 9 months after planting (MAP) was higher in its native habitat (Dieng) (154 kg per 10 plants) than at Gunung Putri (58,75 g per 10 plants). The yield and the content of its active ingredient can be increased by applying 40 tons manure combined with400 kg Urea, 200 kg SP36, 300 kg KCl, organic fertilizers, mycorhiza and plant growth regulators. The analysis farming system of pruatjan at 1.000 m2 indicated high feasibility and profitable. The application of simple cultivation technologies at the areal of 1.000 m2gave net income Rp. 34.000.000.

Sifat-Sifat Tanah yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Patogen Tular Tanah pada Tanaman Tembakau NURUL HIDAYAH; DJAJADI DJAJADI
Perspektif Vol 8, No 2 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRAKTanah secara alami banyak dihuni oleh berbagai jenis mikroba, baik patogen maupun tidak patogen. Informasi tentang sifat-sifat tanah yang mempengaruhi perkembangan patogen tular tanah pada tanaman tembakau masih sedikit, padahal informasi itu sangat bermanfaat untuk menentukan strategi pengendalian patogen. Dalam makalah ini diulas tentang besarnya kerugian serangan patogen tular tanah pada tanaman tembakau, sifat-sifat tanah yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan patogen, dan strategi pengendaliannya.Kerugian hasil akibat serangan patogen tular tanah pada tanaman tembakau mencapai lebih dari 50% senilai Rp 11,1 M per hektar. Tiga jenis patogen tular tanah paling berbahaya pada tembakau adalah Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora nicotianae, dan Meloidogyne spp. Ketiga patogen tersebut dapat saling bersinergi sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan yang lebih parah. Faktor-faktor tanah yang mempengaruhi perkembangan patogen tular tanah adalah pH, tekstur, bahan organik, suhu, dan unsur hara tanah. Di antara faktor tersebut, rendahnya bahan organik dan hara merupakan faktor pemicu paling dominan dalam perkembangan patogen. Oleh karena itu, strategi pengendaliannya adalah dengan penambahan bahan organik sebanyak 22,5 ton/ha dan peningkatan serapan P oleh tanaman tembakau. Kedua strategi itu dapat menekan kompleks patogen tular tanah pada tanaman tembakau di Temanggung sekaligus meningkatkan produksi sebesar 40%.Kata kunci: Patogen tular tanah, tembakau, faktor tanah, strategi pengendalian ABSTRACTSoil Characteristics which Induce Soil-Borne Pathogens of TobaccoSoil is naturally inhibited by many types of microorganisms, either pathogenic or non pathogenic. Information about soil factors that induce the development of soil-borne pathogens on tobacco plant is still limited. This paper describes various types of soil-borne pathogens, soil factors affecting pathogens, and strategy to control them. Soil-borne pathogens cause significantly loss on tobacco yield. The loss of tobacco yield due to soil-borne pathogens is about 50% (equal to 11.1 billion rupiahs per hectare). Three most important soil-borne pathogens on tobacco are Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora nicotianae, and Meloidogyne spp. They may synergistically cause more severe lost on tobacco plants. Soil factors affecting development of these pathogens are pH, temperature, and soil texture, as well as soil organic matter and soil nutrients. Two of these, i.e. organic matters and soil nutritions, are the most important factors determining development of soil-borne pathogens on tobacco plantation. Therefore, the strategy to control soil-borne pathogens is by increasing organic matters up to 22.5 tons/ha and soil nutrition such as P uptake. Both factors are effective in reducing soil-borne incidence as well as increasing tobacco yield up to 40%.Key words: Soil-borne pathogens, tobacco, soil factors, control strategy

PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARET NASIONAL MELALUI PERCEPATAN ADOPSI INOVASI DI TINGKAT PETANI Improvement of National Rubber Productivity through Acceleration of Innovation Adoption at The Farmer's Level Junaidi Junaidi
Perspektif Vol 19, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRAK Produktivitas karet Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini disebabkan mayoritas perkebunan karet Indonesia berupa perkebunan karet rakyat yang produktivitasnya hanya berkisar 1.100 – 1.200 kg/ha/tahun. Upaya meningkatkan produktivitas karet rakyat merupakan tantangan besar bagi pemerintah, peneliti, akademisi, penyuluh, praktisi perkebunan dan segenap pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Tulisan ini menyajikan produktivitas karet Indonesia secara umum, teknologi-teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas karet, kendala dalam adopsi teknologi serta upaya-upaya percepatan adopsti teknologi terutama untuk perkebunan rakyat. Kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan tanaman karet di Indonesia telah menghasilkan teknologi-teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas karet antara lain: klon unggul berpotensi produksi tinggi, pola tanam tumpangsari dan integrasi karet-ternak untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani, dan sistem sadap tipologi klonal untuk mengoptimalkan potensi tanaman. Adopsi teknologi di tingkat petani masih mengalami hambatan berupa keterbatasan pengetahuan, modal dan lahan. Penyuluhan berkelanjutan, pemberdayaan kelompok tani, dan dukungan pemerintah berupa modal dan sarana produksi merupakan kunci percepatan adopsi teknologi. Dalam konsep sistem penyuluhan pertanian berkelanjutan, selain adopsi teknologi peran penyuluhan adalah pemecahan masalah, pelatihan dan pengembangan sumberdaya manusia. Peningkatan produktivitas karet rakyat akan berdampak signifikan terhadap produktivitas karet nasional dan kesejahteraan petani.ABSTRACT This article presents Indonesia's rubber productivity in general, technologies to increase rubber productivity, technology adoption constraints,and strategies to accelerate technology adoption, especially for smallholding farmers. Compared to other main producer countries, Indonesia's rubber productivity is still relatively low. This is due to the majority of Indonesia's rubber is smallholder plantation which productivity is only around 1,100 - 1,200 kg/ha/year. Increasing smallholder plantation productivity is still a major challenge for the government, researchers, academics, extension workers, plantation practitioners and all other stakeholders. The rubber research and development activities in Indonesia have produced technologies that can increase rubber productivity including superior clones, intercropping system and rubber-livestock integration to increase farmers' incomes, and clonal typology tapping systems to optimize yield potential. The adoption of these technologies at the farm level still encounter major obstacles such as limited knowledge, capital and land area. Sustainable extension, farmer groups empowerment,and government support of capital and production resources are required to accelerate technology adoption. In the sustainable agricultural extension concept; beside the technology adoption, the roles of extension are problem-solving, training, and human resources development. The increase of smallholder plantation productivity will have a significant impact on Indonesian rubber productivity as well as farmers' welfare.

Pengelolaan Agroekosistem dalam Pengendalian Hama NURINDAH NURINDAH
Perspektif Vol 5, No 2 (2006): Desember 2006
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRAKPengelolaan agroekosistem dalam pengendalian hama, merupakan salah satu metode dalam Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang diterapkan dengan pendekatan ekologi. Penerapan metode ini dilakukan setelah dipahami faktor-faktor penyebab suatu agroekosistem menjadi rentan terhadap eksplosi hama, dan dikembangkan metode-metode yang dapat meningkatkan ketahanan agroekosistem tersebut terhadap eksplosi hama. Prinsip utama dalam pengelolaan agroekosistem untuk pengendalian hama adalah menciptakan keseimbangan antara herbivora dan musuh alaminya melalui peningkatan keragaman hayati. Peningkatan keragaman vegetasi dan penambahan biomassa, dapat meningkatkan keragam-an hayati dalam suatu agroekosistem. Peningkatan keragaman vegetasi dilakukan melalui pola tanam polikultur dengan pengaturan agronomis yang optimal. Penambahan biomassa dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan mulsa, penambahan pupuk hijau dan pupuk kandang. Kedua metode ini ditujukan untuk mendapatkan produktivitas lahan yang optimal dan berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hyrsutum, Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, pengelolaan agro-ekosistem, keragaman hayati. ABSTRACTAgroecosystem management for Pest ControlAgroecosystem management is an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) with ecological approaches. This method can be applied when the factors that make the agro ecosystem become vulnerable to pest outbreak are known. The main agroecosystem management for pest management is to create the balance between herbivores and their natural enemies by increasing biodiversity, enhancing vegetations and biomasses. Increasing vegetation diversity can be done by adopting poly culture systems, optimizing agronomic arrangements. Increasing biomasses can be done by applying mulch, green manures, and cattle manures. Both methods are aimed to obtain optimal land productivity and sustainability.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, Integrated Pest Management, agroecosystem management, biodiversity

Potensi In-Vivo Selulosa Bakterial Sebagai Nano-Filler Karet Elastomer Thermoplastics NENDYO ADHI WIBOWO; . ISROI
Perspektif Vol 14, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Puslitbang Perkebunan

ABSTRAKSelulosa bakteri merupakan salah satu biopolimer yang berbentuk pita-pita berukuran nano dengan panjang kurang dari 100 nm dan lebar 2-4 nm. Beberapa bakteri yang diketahui bisa memproduksi selulosa antara lain Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, dan Sarcina. Sintesis selulosa bacterial membentuk bundle mikrofibril yang sangat kristalin dengan elastisitas modulus sebesar 78 GPa sama seperti elastisitas modulus dari fiber glass 70 GPa. Selulosa bakteri memiliki kapasitas simpan air, derajat polimerisasi, dan struktur jaringan yang lebih baik daripada selulosa dari tanaman. Produksi nanofibril selulosa dari selulosa bakteri tidak memerlukan proses penghilangan hemiselulosa dan lignin seperti pada selulosa dari tanaman sehingga nano selulosa bakterial dapat menjadi salah satu bahan baku nano komposit yang potensial bagi pengembangan karet alam atau natural rubber (NR). Nano selulosa bakterial bisa menjadi bahan baku nano komposit yang sangat kuat, lebih kuat daripada nano selulosa yang berasal dari tanaman. Pengembangan karet alam atau natural rubber (NR) mengarah pada pengembangan karet untuk tujuan-tujuan khusus, salah satunya adalah elastomer thermoplastics (ETPs) yang merupakan kelompok material yang menggabungkan karakteristik karet dengan bahan termoplastik yang mudah diproses. Konsep penguatan bahan polimer, seperti NR, dengan nano-filler selulosa melalui mekanisme ikatan karet-bahan pengisi akibat peningkatan interaksi karet-bahan pengisi berukuran nano yang memiliki luas permukaan yang besar. Selulosa bakterial seperti Acetobacter xylinum yang ditumbuhkan dalam medium lateks karet alam, akan mengakibatkan partikel latek yang berukuran 5 nm terperangkap pada matrik selulosa ataupun sebaliknya partikel selulosa bakterial yang terperangkap pada matrik karet alam. Manfaat dari adanya mekanisme ikatan in vivo selulosa bakterial dan matrik karet alam adalah dalam rangka mengembangkan industri karet pada sintesis paduan nano-komposit karet dengan selulosa bakterial guna meningkatkan diversifikasi produk pada komoditas karet alam. Produk yang dihasilkan dapat berupa termoplastik elastomer (karet alam termoplastik) yang memiliki prospek untuk digunakan pada komponen otomotif dan produk-produk khusus lainnya.Kata kunci : Bakteri selulosa, Acetobacter xylinum, elastomer thermoplastics (ETPs), lateksABSTRACTIn-Vivo Potency of Bacterial Cellulose As Nano-Filler Elastomer Thermoplastics Rubber (ETPS)Microbial cellulose is one of the biopolymer in the form of nano-sized ribbons with a length of less than 100 nm and a width of 2-4 nm. Some bacteria are known to produce cellulose namely Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Sarcina. Synthesis of bacterial cellulose forming microfibril bundle highly crystalline with elasticity modulus of 78 GPa as of 70 GPa fiber glass. Microbial cellulose has water storage capacity, degree of polymerization, and the network structure is better than cellulose from plants. Nanofibril cellulose production of bacterial cellulose does not require the removal of hemicellulose 104 Volume 14 Nomor 2, Des 2015 : 103 - 112 and lignin as of plants so that the nano bacterial cellulose is a potential raw materials of nano composites in developing natural rubber (NR). Nano bacterial cellulose is potentially a strong raw material for nano composites, stronger than nano cellulose from plants. Development of natural rubber or natural rubber (NR) led to the development of rubber for specific purposes, one of which is elastomeric thermoplastics (ETPs), a group combining the characteristics of rubber material with thermoplastic material that is easily processed. Strengthening The concept to improve the strength of polymer materials, such as NA, with nano-filler bonding cellulose through the mechanism of rubber-filler-rubber is due to an increased interaction of nano-sized filler that has a large surface area. Bacterial cellulose such as Acetobacter xylinum grown in natural rubber latex medium, may result in 5 nm latex particle trapped in the cellulose matrix or vice versa, bacterial cellulose particles trapped in the matrix of natural rubber. Benefits of the bonding mechanism of in vivo bacterial cellulose and natural rubber matrix is develop rubber industry synthesizing nano-composite alloy rubber with bacterial cellulose for natural rubber diversification. The products resulted in the form of thermoplastic elastomer (natural rubber thermoplastic) is potentially to be used in automotive components and other specialty products.Keywords: Bacterial cellulose, Acetobacter xylinum, elastomer thermoplastics (ETPs), latex

Page 7 of 21 | Total Record : 201

5 6 7 8 9

Filter by Year

2002 2021

Filter By Issues

All Issue Vol 20, No 2 (2021): December 2021 Vol 20, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021 Vol 19, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020 Vol 19, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020 Vol 18, No 2 (2019): Desember 2019 Vol 18, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019 Vol 17, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018 Vol 17, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018 Vol 16, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017 Vol 16, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017 Vol 15, No 2 (2016): Desember, 2016 Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Juni, 2016 Vol 14, No 2 (2015): Desember 2015 Vol 14, No 1 (2015): Juni, 2015 Vol 13, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014 Vol 13, No 1 (2014): Juni 2014 Vol 12, No 2 (2013): Desember 2013 Vol 12, No 1 (2013): Juni 2013 Vol 11, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012 Vol 11, No 1 (2012): Juni 2012 Vol 10, No 2 (2011): Desember 2011 Vol 10, No 1 (2011): Juni 2011 Vol 9, No 2 (2010): Desember 2010 Vol 9, No 1 (2010): Juni 2010 Vol 8, No 2 (2009): Desember 2009 Vol 8, No 1 (2009): Juni 2009 Vol 7, No 2 (2008): Desember 2008 Vol 7, No 1 (2008): Juni 2008 Vol 6, No 2 (2007): Desember 2007 Vol 6, No 1 (2007): Juni 2007 Vol 5, No 2 (2006): Desember 2006 Vol 5, No 1 (2006): Juni 2006 Vol 4, No 2 (2005): Desember 2005 Vol 4, No 1 (2005): Juni 2005 Vol 3, No 2 (2004): Desember 2004 Vol 3, No 1 (2004): Juni 2004 Vol 2, No 2 (2003): Desember 2003 Vol 2, No 1 (2003): Juni 2003 Vol 1, No 2 (2002): Desember 2002 Vol 1, No 1 (2002): Juni 2002 More Issue

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Agus Budiharto

Contact Email
phpbun_2006@yahoo.co.id

Phone
+622518313083

Journal Mail Official
deciyantos@yahoo.com

Editorial Address
Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 1 Bogor 16111, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Agus Budiharto

Contact Email phpbun_2006@yahoo.co.id

Phone +622518313083

Journal Mail Official deciyantos@yahoo.com

Editorial Address Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 1 Bogor 16111, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Agus Budiharto

Contact Email
phpbun_2006@yahoo.co.id

Phone
+622518313083

Journal Mail Official
deciyantos@yahoo.com

Editorial Address
Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 1 Bogor 16111, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA