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3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26558777     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5614%2F3bio.2020.2.1
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
3Bio: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal in a wide aspect related to the field of life sciences and other related fields of study. The journal aims to promote scientific discourse and disseminate research on various branches and applications of bio-science, biotechnology and bio-based management. This journal invites original empirical research, literature reviews, theoretical or methodological contributions, or short communications on, but not limited to, the following topics: - Ecology and Biosystematics - Microbiology - Genetics and Molecular Biology - Animal Development and Physiology - Plant Development and Physiology - Entomology - Biomedical science - Biochemistry - Agronomy - Forestry - Bioengineering - Bioethics - Management of Biological Resources The journal also invites contributions from other associated disciplines. This journal is an open-access journal. Readers may read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles without any charge, provided that readers acknowledge the Creative Commons attached to the articles. All submitted papers are reviewed by at least two referees before being accepted for publication, following a double-blind review process. This journal is delivered in an academic English and rigorously edited to provide a quality standard of a scientific journal. This journal is managed by the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 74 Documents
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Estimation of Minimum Viable Population of Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis Raffles 1821) in Support of Wildlife Management in Ir. H. Djuanda Grand Forest Park Hatta Vrazila; Elham Sumarga; Hikmat Ramdan
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.1.2

Abstract

Most long-tailed macaques (LTMs) in Southeast Asia are commensal animals, which means they can coexist and benefit from humans. This interaction potentially triggers disturbance and disease transmission caused by LTMs, for instance, in Ir. Djuanda Grand Forest Park (GFP). A previous study indicates an overpopulation of LTMs in this area. The need for population control of this macaque requires appropriate ecological considerations, including determining the minimum viable population (MVP). This study aims to estimate the MVP of LTMs in Ir. Djuanda GFP area is the key input for its population control scheme. The MVP is determined based on population growth simulation using the Lefkovitch matrix. In combination with the estimate of population growth, the MVP was used to formulate the population control scheme of LTMs, by considering the current wildlife management regulations and the perception of Ir. Djuanda GFP area manager obtained through interviews. This study found six groups of LTMs in Ir. Djuanda GFP with a total population of 229 individuals, a sex ratio of 1:1.05, an age class ratio of infants, juveniles, sub-adults, and adults of 16.6%:25.7%:32,3%:25.3%, and a population growth rate of 19.7%/year. The estimate of MVP of this primate is 230 individuals, with an average group size of 38 individuals and an age class ratio of infants, juveniles, sub-adults, and adults 30%:9.1%:27.4%:23.5%. Based on wildlife management regulations and area manager perceptions, population control schemes can be implemented for relocation and captive purposes. The population control scheme consists of an age-class control scheme and a group control scheme. The age-class control scheme controls the population by 334 individuals, while the colony control scheme controls 406 individuals.
Preliminary Economic Potential Evaluation of Seaweed Gracilaria sp. Biomass Waste as Bioindustry Feedstock Through a Biorefinery Approach: A Case Study in Karawang, Indonesia Muhammad Fadhlullah; Sukma Budi Prasetyati; Imam Pudoli; Calvin Lo
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.1.6

Abstract

Seaweed processing usually produces biomass waste from unused and rejected materials, which have economic potential due to their bioactive components. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the economic potential of seaweed biomass waste through a biorefinery approach. Seaweed Gracilaria sp. biomass waste samples were collected from a representative seaweed production unit in Karawang, Indonesia, and their biochemical composition was analyzed. Relevant information related to seaweed biomass waste was gathered. The preliminary economic evaluation was assessed from the gross revenue of the proposed products, based on the assumed annual seaweed biomass waste productivity, biochemical composition, and estimated market price of the products. The present study revealed that the dry weight of Gracilaria sp. biomass waste contains 63.2% carbohydrates, 13.6% proteins, 1.6% lipids, and 21.5% ashes. Heavy metals were detected in the biomass waste, although no pigments were detected. This study estimates that 52 metric tons/year of Gracilaria sp. biomass waste could generate amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and minerals with potential gross revenue of ± USD 222,924.6/year. This study suggests that Gracilaria sp. biomass waste could be potentially used as feedstock to improve its economic value for bioindustry purposes.  
Effects of Leaf Storage and Distillation Time on the Quality of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) Essential Oil Setiawan Setiawan; Annisa Nadhilah; Rita P Ilhamsari
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.1.1

Abstract

Essential oils such as eucalyptus oil are widely used as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, fragrance, and other medical needs. This oil is extracted from eucalyptus terpenoid compounds, e.g., cineole. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the leaf storage time and distillation time (DT) on Eucalyptus grandis essential oil yield and quality. Three DT treatments (i.e., 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h) and storage time of eucalyptus leaf in warehouse (i.e., 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h) were applied on eucalyptus leaf samples. The quality of the eucalyptus essential oil was determined using cineole content, solubility in alcohol, and optical rotation. The essential oil yield ranges between 0.165-0.220%, with the maximum yield of 0.220% on 3 days of storage and 4-hour distillation time. The cineole content ranged between 10-30% and the highest at 3 h DT with a storage time of 2 days. The optical rotation on the tested specimen showed that the index of refraction produced in oil projections was positive. The samples in all treatments showed high solubility in alcohol. This study showed that storage time of 3 days and 3-hour distillation time resulted in the most optimal eucalyptus essential oil yield, and the excellent quality of oil produced has a high potential for health product applications.
Correlation of Microclimate of West Java on Caffeine and Chlorogenic acid in Coffea canephora var. robusta Suci Awaliyah; Sri Nanan B. Widiyanto; Rijanti R. Maulani; Asep Hidayat; Ujang Dinar Husyari; Tati Suryati Syamsudin; Erly Marwani
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.1.7

Abstract

Caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are two compounds that play a role in determining the quality of coffee. The amount of the two compounds may vary depending on the environment where they are grown. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the local microclimatic condition and the concentration of caffeine and CGA in green and roasted beans of Robusta coffee from six different cultivation areas in West Java, Indonesia (i.e., Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, Sumedang, Kuningan, Cianjur, and Bogor). Samples of green beans and roasted beans were extracted with 70% methanol for caffeine analysis and ethyl acetate for CGA analysis. Caffeine and CGA were analyzed by UV-HPLC using a C18 shimpack gist shimadzu column, with an isocratic elution of methanol:water (1:1) at a 1 mL/min flow rate. Detection was performed at  λ272 nm and λ324 nm for caffeine and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the correlation between microclimate with caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Results indicated that the concentration of caffeine ranged from 7.67 to 16.52% and 10.79 to 15.56% in the green and roasted bean coffee, respectively. The concentration of CGA ranged from 0.74 to 3.03% and 0.25 to 0.77% in the green and roasted bean coffee, respectively. Based on PCA analysis, the most influential microclimate on the caffeine concentration were the humidity, temperature, and altitude, with the total variance of PC1 and PC2 of  76.3%. However, there was no positive correlation between the measured microclimate and the CGA concentration. In conclusion, Robusta coffee's caffeine content is positively affected by the microclimatic condition (i.e., humidity, temperature, and altitude).
Value Chain and Business Development Strategy of MOCAF Cap Kujang in Sumedang Regency Mira Ismiyanti Pribadi; Wawan Gunawan; Rijanti Rahaju Maulani
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.1

Abstract

MOCAF Cap Kujang is one of the MOCAF (Modified Cassava Flour) produced in Sumedang that has been produced since 2012, but until now, the business development is still limited. The challenges in MOCAF Cap Kujang are the limited availability of raw materials, the lack of intensive marketing, and the government has not paid attention to the MOCAF business in Sumedang. This study aims to analyze value chain activities in MOCAF Cap Kujang, identify internal and external factors that influence the MOCAF Cap Kujang business, and determine the business development strategy for the MOCAF Cap Kujang business. The method used for value chain analysis was Porter's model and Hayami Method. Internal factor analysis was carried out using IFE, and external factors using EFE. The results of IFE and EFE were used to formulate strategies on the SWOT matrix. The resulting strategy was then prioritized using the AHP method. The study's results showed that value chain activities in the MOCAF Cap Kujang business consist of primary activities and supporting activities that generate added value at MOCAF by Rp1000/kg (33.33%). The main strength is the clean white of MOCAF Cap Kujang, and the main weakness is that MOCAF Cap Kujang's price is higher than other MOCAFs. The main opportunity of MOCAF Cap Kujang is that MOCAF can be a substitute for wheat for people who cannot consume gluten and the main threat is the lower price of wheat flour. MOCAF Cap Kujang's business development strategy prioritizes cooperation with various parties.
Markov Chain and Cluster Model of Green Algae Phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae) Diversity and Spatial Distribution Pattern along Stream, Water Quality, and Land Use Gradients in Krukut River, Jakarta City Andriwibowo Andriwibowo; Adi Basukriadi; Erwin Nurdin; Amanda Zahra Djuanda; Elizabeth Adeline; Zeadora Abbya Trisya
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.2

Abstract

Green algae phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae) have a wide aquatic distribution, including saltwater and freshwater environments. Compared to the ones living in saltwater, green algae diversity in freshwater ecosystems in rivers is influenced by stream gradients, water quality, and land uses. Meanwhile, in Jakarta, 17 rivers have the potential to provide a habitat for green algae communities. Due to anthropogenic activities, river streams have been affected by influences that may affect the water quality and green algae community along stream gradients. One of the critical rivers in Jakarta is the Krukut river, which has the most extended stream spanning over 40 km and downstream in Jakarta bay. This study aims to model the diversity and distribution pattern of green algae in the Krukut river from its upstream segment in Jakarta city, surrounded by settlements, to the downstream segments in Jakarta bay. The distribution model uses the Cluster Analysis and Markov Chain Model to elaborate the probabilities of green algae phytoplankton distribution in downstream, midstream, and upstream segments of the Krukut river. The results show that 7 species of Chlorophyceae have been recorded in the Krukut river. All species had a high likelihood of being found downstream, particularly Cosmarium sp., Eudorina sp., Spyrogyra sp., and Volvox sp. Regarding distribution, all phytoplankton species have a high probability (4%–31%) and tendency to be distributed from upstream and midstream to downstream rather than from downstream to midstream and upstream, with probability ranges of 2%–27%. The probability and tendency of phytoplankton distribution towards downstream directions avoiding upstream were related to the deteriorating water quality in the upstream, characterized by high turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, and more acidic water.
Analysis and Prediction of Water Balance Using Dynamic Modelling to Solve Water Scarcity in Cimahi Muhamad Fikri Fadhilah; Yayat Hidayat; Anne Hadiyane
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.3

Abstract

Cimahi is one of the most populated, fast-growing cities in Indonesia. Consequently, various environmental problems appear, primarily related to the sustainability of water resources. Exploitation and pollution of water, especially groundwater, are not accompanied by a good water conservation system that ensures proper water infiltration into the soil, causing several locations in the city to experience water deficits. The city may suffer a severe water shortage if this problem is unsolved. This study aims to predict and analyze the need and availability of water in Cimahi in the next few years to determine the right solution to deal with this problem. Analysis and prediction of water availability/needs were carried out by building a dynamic model using STELLA software for simulating the conditions in the next ten years. The results of the model were combined with the applicable spatial policies to formulate possible solutions. Results showed that Cimahi will experience a water crisis starting from 2029 with a total water deficit of 8.22 million M³. The model also predicted South Cimahi District is the area with the worst conditions where the water crisis has occurred since 2022 and peaked in 2029 with water sufficiency of only 59.83%. Based on local spatial planning laws and policies, the city's government is advised to improve its catchment area to protect its water resources. The vegetation cover area surrounding the catchment area can be improved, and water absorption capacity can be increased through civil technical actions such as building absorption wells. The model results showed that a proper solution could be done by expanding 142.8 Ha of green/vegetation cover, building 1576 units of absorption wells, and increasing the PDAM supply by 100 l/second.
Community Dependency and Vulnerability to Natural Resources: Case Study Mount Geulis University Forest Muhammad Rizky Darmawan; Ichsan Suwandhi; Mulyaningrum Mulyaningrum
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.4

Abstract

Mount Geulis University Forest (MGUF) is a university forest area surrounded by eight villages and has close relationships with the surrounding community. With a very strategic position, MGUF is vulnerable to various pressures, especially anthropogenic ones. Other studies have shown that population, development, and the economy have an essential role in environmental degradation. Thus, understanding these three things becomes essential to determine the right strategy to reduce the level of vulnerability around MGUF. This study aims to analyze the level of community dependency on MGUF and the level of vulnerability of the community around MGUF. Community dependency was analyzed using perceived value dependency on livelihood, perceived value dependency on income, and perceived value dependency on participation level. Community vulnerability was analyzed based on the population growth index, built-up land index, and economic openness index. The results showed that the farmer community had a relatively high dependency on MGUF. The lower the income, the higher the dependency on MGUF, and the participation rate increases as the dependency on MGUF increases. Raharja Village has the highest population growth index of 123.75, Mangunarga Village has the highest built-up land index with a value of 75.11, and Jatimukti Village has the highest economic openness index with a value of 33.52. In general, the village with the highest composite vulnerability index is Cikahuripan Village, with a value of 0.71, and the lowest is Jatiroke, with a value of 0.20. Based on the value of the vulnerability index and the level of security, the level of vulnerability can be reduced by carrying out collaborative management to run programs with every stakeholder in the MGUF management system.
Dynamics of Competitiveness and Efficiency of Rice Farming in Java Island, Indonesia Amrina Rosyada; Ramadhani Eka Putra; Wawan Gunawan
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.5

Abstract

Rice is the major crop in Indonesia and the staple food for more than 90% of Indonesians. Given the vital role of rice, efforts to develop rice production are a priority, especially in solving farming efficiency problems. However, inefficiency is one of the major causes of low performance in Indonesian rice production. If farming has high competitiveness and efficiency, Indonesia is encouraged to be able to become an exporter of rice. As a result, national rice farming must continue to improve its competitiveness and efficiency. This study aims to determine the economic efficiency and competitiveness of rice farming in several provinces in Java, i.e., West Java, Central Java, and East Java. The data used in this study is PATANAS survey data obtained from the Center for Socio-Economic Studies and Agricultural Policy, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. This study used a quantitative analysis approach and analytical descriptive analysis. The level of competitiveness was analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), while the efficiency level was analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Method (SFM). The results showed that rice farming in Java Island has a positive profit value on private and social prices. In addition, rice farming in all research locations has competitiveness as measured by indicators of comparative and competitive advantage as characterized by the coefficient values ​​of DRC (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) and PCR (Private Cost Ratio), which are less than one in the study period 2007-2020. The result of a technical efficiency study shows the average technical efficiency of three provinces in Java is around 0.82, and the factor input that significantly increased the technical efficiency was land and intermediate input.
Coffee Plants' Endomycorrhizae Potential to increase the growth and nutrient uptake of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) under Field Condition Santi Sariasih; Pingkan Aditiawati
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.6

Abstract

Inorganic fertilizers utilization is the most common way to increase plant productivity. However, the intensive use of organic fertilizer can harm the environment. Therefore, alternative fertilization by utilizing soil microorganisms to provide plant nutrients is needed. Endomycorrhizae is known as a microorganism that can increase the availability of nutrients and plant growth. This study aimed to determine the potential of endomycorrhizae to increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications was used with four treatments, i.e., (P0) control: without endomycorrhizae and fertilizer, (P1) inorganic fertilizer: NPK recommended dose for seedlings nine months after sowing (N 184 kg/ha, P2O5 72 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha from 400kg/ha urea, 200 kg/ha SP-36, and 200 kg/ha KCl, respectively), (P2) endomycorrhizae: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium, and (P3) endomycorrhizae + organic fertilizer: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium with the addition of chicken manure at a dose of 10 tons/ha. The results showed that endomycorrhizae could increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings by increasing plant height, plant dry weight, and plant N, P, and K uptake by 15.4%, 23.3%, 52.5%, 90.8%, and 75.6%, respectively compared to the control with 67,5% of root colonization at 16 weeks after transplanting (WAT). In conclusion, endomycorrhizae can potentially increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions.

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