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INDONESIA
Jurnal Stamina
Published by Universitas Negeri Padang
ISSN : 26551802     EISSN : 26552515     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/jst.v1i1.5
Core Subject : Humanities, Health,
Humanities Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Penerbitan Jurnal Stamina bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi mahasiswa, dosen dan peneliti untuk pemutakhiran gagasan dari para ilmuwan olahraga di Indonesia. Jurnal Stamina berisi hasil penelitian dalam bidang olahraga dengan fokus pada aspek Kesehatan olahraga, pendidikan jasmani, fisiologi dan biokimia olahraga, peraturan dan kebijakan olahraga, gizi olahraga dan kesehatan masyarakat
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Terapi Fisik, Olah Raga dan Rehabiltasi
Articles 501 Documents
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Virtual Reality Reality As A Method Of Shooting Basketball Practice: A Systematic Study Of Its Effectiveness And Implementation In The Sport Of Basketball Agus Sutriawan; Hikmad Hakim; Muh Nugrah Setyawan
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1340

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has grown rapidly and is increasingly applied in sports training, including basketball. This study aims to systematically review the effectiveness of virtual reality as a basketball shooting training method. The method used is a systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted through Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and SINTA databases with a publication range of 2014–2024. Of 348 articles identified, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed through narrative synthesis. Risk of bias assessment using JBI Critical Appraisal Tools showed that 64.3% of studies had high performance bias due to difficulties in blinding, a common limitation in VR training research. The findings indicate that VR-based basketball shooting training is effective in improving shooting accuracy (average improvement of 24.1% vs. 11.8% conventional), spatial perception, and athlete confidence. VR allows athletes to practice in a safe, repetitive, and measurable simulation environment through mechanisms of augmented real-time feedback, immersive mental rehearsal, and programmed variability of practice. However, limitations include high implementation costs (USD 3,000–50,000), cybersickness risks (50% of studies), and lack of real haptic feedback. The novelty of this review lies in its simultaneous analysis of neuromotor mechanisms and contextual implementation challenges in developing countries. This review recommends integrating VR as a supplement (30–40% of training time) to conventional training to maximize overall basketball shooting training effectiveness
Biomechanical Analysis Forehand Groundstroke Technique On Field Tennis: A Review Of The Literature Muh Nugrah Setyawan; Agus Sutriawan
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1346

Abstract

The forehand groundstroke is one of the fundamental techniques in tennis that requires complex coordination of the musculoskeletal system. This study aims to systematically analyze the biomechanics of forehand groundstroke technique, including movement phases, segmental body contribution, racket velocity, racket-face angle at impact, and its implications for performance improvement and injury prevention. The research method used a systematic literature review approach by analyzing peer-reviewed journals, textbooks, and relevant academic sources related to tennis biomechanics. The results of the review show that the forehand groundstroke consists of five main phases: initiation, preparation, acceleration, impact, and follow-through. Quantitative findings indicate that racket velocity reaches its peak during the impact phase, with professional players producing racket speeds of approximately 25–35 m/s. Stroke power is generated through sequential segmental contribution involving the lower limbs, trunk, shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and wrist. Kinematic analysis also shows that torso rotation and shoulder external rotation play important roles in increasing racket speed and stroke effectiveness. In addition, the racket-face angle at impact significantly influences ball direction, accuracy, and control. This study concludes that a comprehensive understanding of forehand groundstroke biomechanics can help coaches and athletes optimize technique, improve stroke performance, and reduce the risk of injury. The findings provide practical recommendations for developing more effective tennis training programs based on biomechanical principles
Analysis of determinants in physical education achievement: Nutritional knowledge and body mass index Deby Tri Mario; Zikri Muthahari; Pramudya Wisnu Priambodo; Iqbal Maulana; Yovhandra Ockta; Idarul Hafni; Rahman Rahman; Iken Rahma Mahesty; Salma Alfina Putri Nada
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1347

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of Nutrition Knowledge (NK) and Body Mass Index (BMI) on Physical Education (PE) learning outcomes in elementary school students, both partially and simultaneously. This study used an associative quantitative approach involving 28 third-grade students aged between 8-9 years. NK was measured using a multiple-choice questionnaire, BMI was obtained through anthropometric measurements, while PE learning outcomes were obtained from students' report card scores. The data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear correlation and regression. The results showed that the students' NK was in the adequate category (M=70.107±0.875), BMI was in the normal category (M=-1.626±0.977), and PE learning outcomes were in the adequate category (M=77.679±4.514). Regression analysis showed that NK and BMI had a positive and significant effect on PE learning outcomes, with BMI having a greater effect than NK (partially, R²=0.360; R²=0.472; p=0.001; and simultaneously, R²=0.656; p=0.001). These findings indicate that good NK and normal BMI contribute to improved PE learning outcomes in elementary school students. Further research is recommended using a longitudinal design with a larger sample size and considering relevant behavioral and environmental factors to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence PE learning outcomes.
The Use Of An Inclined Mat To Improve The Learning Outcomes Of Fifth-Year Pupils At State Primary School In The Forward Roll Skills Arbian Rafly Sugiarto; Donny Anhar Fahmi; Tubagus Herlambang
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1357

Abstract

This study aims to determine whether the use of an inclined mat can improve the learning outcomesof fifth-year pupils at State Primary School 02 Babadan in the forward roll skill. The research wasmotivated by low learning outcomes, particularly in the psychomotor and affective domains, aswell as the lack of varied teaching media in physical education. A quantitative approach with aquasi-experimental method and a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The populationconsisted of all 17 fourth-year pupils, selected through saturated sampling. Data were collectedthrough cognitive, affective, and psychomotor tests. Descriptive analysis showed an increase inaverage scores across all domains. The paired t-test results indicated no significant improvement inthe cognitive domain (p = 0.136), but a significant improvement in the affective domain (p = 0.015).The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant improvement in the psychomotor domain (p= 0.002), with 13 pupils showing increased scores. In conclusion, the use of an inclined mat iseffective in improving students’ affective and psychomotor learning outcomes in forward rollgymnastics, although it does not significantly affect cognitive understanding. This researchrecommends the inclined mat as an innovative and practical teaching aid for primary schoolphysical education
The Meaning Of Life For Athletes With Disabilities Ayerzi Oktal; Amin Akbar
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1358

Abstract

Athletes with disabilities often face challenges in accepting their condition, losing their direction, and finding meaning in life after experiencing a disability. Although various studies have identified factors related to meaningfulness in life among people with disabilities, research on how athletes with disabilities construct meaning in life through their experiences in Paralympic sport remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore the meaningfulness of athletes with disabilities through their experiences in Paralympic sport. This study employed a qualitative, phenomenological design and was analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Participants were selected using purposive sampling and consisted of three athletes with disabilities: a blind chess athlete, a physically disabled table tennis athlete, and a physically disabled bowling athlete. All participants had been active athletes for at least 1 year and had experience competing in national-level competitions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis. Findings indicate that participation in Paralympic sport helps participants move from a state of existential emptiness to self-acceptance, increased self-confidence, and personal development. Social support from family, coaches, and fellow athletes reinforces this process, resulting in positive changes in psychological, social, educational, and economic aspects that ultimately shape a sense of meaning in life. The themes of process and self-development emerged as central themes connecting the entire process of developing meaningfulness in athletes with disabilities
The Effect Of Using Audiovisual Media On Learning Outcomes In “Indonesia Hebat” Children’s Rhythmic Gymnastics Among Year 4 Pupils Misqola Famay Azzahra; Tubagus Herlambang; Pandu Kresnapati
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1359

Abstract

Rhythmic gymnastics learning in primary schools often faces challenges such as low student interest, boredom, and suboptimal learning outcomes due to monotonous teaching methods. This study aims to determine the effect of audiovisual media on learning outcomes (psychomotor, affective, and cognitive aspects) in rhythmic gymnastics among Year 4 pupils at SDN 01 Bukur. This research employed a pre-experimental design with a quantitative approach (one-group pretest-posttest). The subjects were 22 Year 4 pupils selected through total sampling. Data were collected through tests and observations and then analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, paired sample t-tests, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and N-Gain analysis. The results revealed significant improvements in all three aspects. Psychomotor scores increased from 58.91 to 86.32 (N-Gain 0.66/moderate-high). Affective scores increased from 69.09 to 88.18 (N-Gain 0.58/moderate). Cognitive scores increased from 76.59 to 81.95 (N-Gain 0.15/low). Statistical tests validated significant differences between pretest and posttest (p < 0.05 for all aspects). In conclusion, the use of audiovisual media has a positive and significant effect on rhythmic gymnastics learning outcomes, particularly in psychomotor and affective aspects. Audiovisual media is recommended as an innovative and interactive learning strategy for physical education in primary schools
The Effect Of Using Quizizz And Wordwall Media On Cognitive Learning Outcomes Of Health Materials Naufal Izha Manggalih; Bertika Kusuma Prastiwi; Pandu Kresnapati
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1362

Abstract

Conventional instructional methods remain inadequate for delivering health education on sensitive topics such as Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), particularly in vocational high school settings where epidemiological urgency coexists with deep sociocultural barriers that inhibit open classroom discussion. This study compared the effectiveness of Quizizz and Wordwall platforms on the cognitive learning outcomes of grade XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Kersana. A quasi-experimental approach with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest group design was applied, positioning both classes as active experimental groups: Experimental Group I used Quizizz (n=36) and Experimental Group II used Wordwall (n = 33), totaling 69 students selected through purposive sampling during the Ramadan academic period. The 25-item multiple-choice instrument was validated through expert judgment, producing an Aiken's V index of 0.91 and a Cohen's Kappa reliability coefficient of 0.603 (p = 0.003), both confirming strong instrument quality. Data were analyzed using normalized N-gain scores and the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test. Results showed that the Quizizz group achieved a mean N-Gain of 0.7556 (75.56%), categorized as high effectiveness, while the Wordwall group obtained 0.4968 (49.68%), categorized as moderate. A statistically significant difference was confirmed (p = 0.000), with an effect size coefficient r = 0.503 (large effect), indicating that the performance gap between groups reflects a substantive instructional difference rather than statistical chance. The competitive architecture of Quizizz, particularly its leaderboard system and real-time corrective feedback, produced stronger cognitive gains than the template-based exploration model of Wordwall. Quizizz is recommended as the primary instructional tool for PJOK teachers delivering reproductive health content in vocational settings, especially under conditions that restrict physical activity
The Effect Of Full Court Skill And Drill Training On Basketball Players Shooting Accuracy Under Fatigue Conditions M. Farlyzzahaby Deska Utama; Dadang Warta Chandra Kesuma; Lalu Hulfian
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1363

Abstract

Basketball shooting performance frequently declines under fatigue conditions, yet evidence regarding training approaches specifically designed to improve shooting accuracy in fatigue-related situations remains limited. While previous studies have examined the acute effects of fatigue on shooting performance, fewer studies have investigated training interventions that repeatedly expose players to game-like fatigue during shooting execution. This study aimed to determine the effect of full court skill and drill training on basketball players’ shooting accuracy under fatigue conditions. The study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design involving 15 players from Momentum Basketball Club selected through total sampling. The intervention was conducted for three weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week. Each session integrated dribbling, passing, transition movement, sprinting, and shooting drills across the full court to simulate game-like fatigue. Shooting accuracy was measured before and after the intervention using a shooting test performed after an intensive activity protocol. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics through descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, paired-samples t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 95% confidence interval estimation, and Cohen’s dz effect size. The results showed that the mean pretest score increased from 3.33 to 6.67 in the posttest, with a mean gain of 3.33 points. The paired-samples t-test indicated a significant improvement, t(14) = 20.92, p < 0.001, with a very large effect size (Cohen’s dz = 5.40). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed the same conclusion, W = 0.00, p < 0.001. These findings indicate that full court skill and drill training is effective for improving shooting accuracy when players perform under fatigue. The study contributes practically to the design of basketball training programs that combine technical execution, physical load, and match-specific pressure
The Relationship Between Physical Fitness Levels And Physical Education Learning Outcomes Among Students Natasya Citra Arum; Maftukin Hudah; Setiyawan Setiyawan
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1366

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between physical fitness levels and physical education academic performance among 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Mranggen, in response to the mixed findings of previous studies, as well as to introduce the digital version of the TKSI Stage E/F instrument, which incorporates sensory-motor components such as hand-eye coordination and visual-motor reaction time. The research design used was quantitative, descriptive-correlational, involving 70 students aged 15–16 years who were selected through simple random sampling. Physical fitness was measured using the TKSI Stage E/F test battery, consisting of six items (hand-eye coordination, hand-touch reaction, agility/vertical jump, arm muscle strength, and the Multistage Fitness Test for VO₂ max), while academic achievement was obtained from midterm exam scores through documentary analysis. The data were analyzed descriptively and tested for normality and linearity prior to hypothesis testing, using Spearman's rank correlation because the data were not normally distributed. The results of the study showed that the students’ average physical fitness score was 21.64 (moderate category), while their average Physical Education (PJOK) learning outcomes were 88 (moderate category). The correlation test yielded an r value of 0.196 with p = 0.104 (p > 0.05), indicating a positive but statistically insignificant and very weak relationship between physical fitness and PJOK learning outcomes. These findings suggest that performance on the midterm exam in physical education, which emphasizes cognitive understanding of sports theory, is more influenced by factors such as teaching methods, memory, and psychological readiness than by students’ physical fitness or motor-sensory abilities alone
The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, And Physical Fitness Among Ssb Persisac Athletes Wiwit Bintang Permatasari; Maftukin Hudah; Bertika Kusuma Prastiwi
STAMINA Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Stamina Issue 2
Publisher : DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN DAN REKREASI FAKULTAS ILMU KEOLAHRAGAAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jst.v9i2.1367

Abstract

Physical fitness is a key component of athletic performance, particularly among soccer players who require endurance, recovery, and optimal physical condition. Previous research has reported inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and physical fitness. Some studies have found significant associations, while others have reported non-significant results. Furthermore, evidence focusing on adolescent soccer players in local soccer schools remains limited, particularly in the Indonesian context. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and physical fitness, as well as changes in these variables over a two-week observation period among athletes at SSB Persisac Semarang. This study employed a quantitative correlational design with pre-test and post-test measurements involving 25 athletes selected through purposive sampling. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and physical fitness was evaluated using the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables, while the Wilcoxon test was used to compare pre-test and post-test measurements. The results showed that physical activity had a weak positive correlation with physical fitness (r = 0.176; p = 0.399), while sleep quality had a weak negative correlation with physical fitness (r = −0.162; p = 0.439), with both relationships being statistically insignificant. The Wilcoxon test revealed significant changes in sleep quality (p = 0.006) and physical fitness (p = 0.001), while physical activity did not undergo a significant change (p = 0.145). These findings suggest that physical activity and sleep quality were not significantly associated with physical fitness among athletes at SSB Persisac Semarang; however, significant changes in sleep quality and physical fitness were observed during the two-week observation period

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