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MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology

mediapeternakan
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 522 Documents

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Nutrient Digestibility and Performances of Frisian Holstein Calves Fed with Pennisetum purpureum and Inoculated with Buffalo’s Rumen Bacteria I Prihantoro; D Evvyernie; . Suryani; L Abdullah; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Buffalo’s rumen bacteria (BRB) are potential in digesting fiber feed. BRB already adapted well with low quality forages and agricultural byproducts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of buffalo’s rumen bacteria (BRB) consortium inoculated into preweaning Frisian Holstein calves on nutrient digestibility, physiological status, mineral uptake, and blood profile. This study used 14 isolates of bacteria isolated from rumen fluid of four local buffalos. The research units consisted of seven Frisian Holstein calves at two weeks old with the average body weight of 43.6±4.5 kg. Calves were inoculated with 20 mL of buffalo’s rumen bacteria isolates [4.56 x 109 cfu/mL] every morning for 10 weeks. The calves were divided into two groups i.e., three calves received bacterial inoculation and four calves without any inoculation. The variables which were analyzed in the preweaning and weaning period were feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), rumen fermentation characteristics, body weight, physiological status, blood profile, and mineral status. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test. The results showed that inoculation of buffalo’s rumen bacteria into Frisian Holstein calves effectively increased feed intake, characteristics of leukocytes and neutrophils, and cobalt (Co) uptake during the weaning period. Inoculation of rumen bacteria improved rumen pH during preweaning and weaning periods. Inoculation of rumen bacteria also had no negative effects on digestibility, feed conversion (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), and physiological status.Key words: buffalo rumen bacteria, digestibility, physiological status, blood profile, Pennisetum purpureum

Meat Quality, Blood Profile, and Fecal Ammonia Concentration of Broiler Supplemented with Liquid Smoke F Yosi; S Sandi
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Liquid smoke is one of the feed additive that can be given to animals. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of liquid smoke given through drinking water on meat quality and production of fecal ammonia in broiler. Variables observed were meat pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, the tensile strength of meat, cut off strength of meat, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and fecal ammonia. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, and 4 equal replicates. The treatments tested were symbolized as R0, R1, R2, R3, and R4, based on the level of liquid smoke added into drinking water (v/v) namely, 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%, respectively. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and continued to Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the difference between treatment mean values at 5% probability. The results indicated that addition of liquid smoke up to 1% did not affect the meat pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, the tensile strength of meat, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine content, but it decreased the cut off strength of meat and fecal ammonia. It was concluded that an optimal dose of granting liquid smoke through drinking water was 1%.Key words: liquid smoke, broiler, meat quality, fecal ammonia

In Vitro Goat Fermentation of PUFA-Diet Supplemented with Yeast and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb E Sulistyowati; A Sudarman; K G Wiryawan; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

This in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the ruminal performances of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-diet (containing PUFA with 80% concentrate and 20% King grass) supplemented with yeast and C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. Experimental design was completely randomized block design of 4 x 4 with ruminal liquor derived from 4 slaughtered goats and 4 treatments (PD0-no supplement, PDY- 0.5% yeast, PDC-2% curcuma, and PDM- 0.5% yeast + 2% curcuma). Variables measured were pH, N-NH3, total and partial VFA (volatile fatty acid), protozoa population, and CH4 (methane). Results showed that the lowest (P<0.05) organic (59.63%) and dry matter (58.00%) digestibilities were found in PDM. In in vitro, this diet was also showing quantitatively low in N-NH3 (8.73 mM) and protozoa population (7.90±4.09 103 cfu/mL). On the other hand, it showed numerically high in VFA production (45.27 mM) and pH (6.74), yet low in CH4 (13.43% v/v). Based on these data, PDM was considered the most potential diet to improve nutrient metabolism in rumen of goat, in vitro.Key words: PUFA- diet, yeast, curcuma, in vitro fermentation

Impacts of Domestic Maize Price Changes on the Performance of Small-scale Broiler Farming in Indonesia S J K Umboh; D B Hakim; B M Sinaga; I K Kariyasa
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

This research aimed at analyzing the impact of maize price changes on the performance of small-scale broiler farming in Indonesia using a multimarket model analysis. The multimarket model analysis is partial equilibrium analysis that contains six blocks of equations: prices, supply, input demand, consumption, income and equilibrium. This model analysis was originally designed in General Algebric Modelling System (GAMS) using the Path NLP solver. Employed data in this study were classified into 3 types, namely: (1) production and input, consumption, and household income; (2) inputs and outputs, and (3) elasticities. Decreased domestic maize price was responded by farmer through reducing maize planted area and fertilizers uses. It further had undesired impact on the maize production and maize farmer’s income. Whereas, this policy had positive impact on meat production and small-scale broiler farming income. The opposite impact will happen on those variables, if government increases domestic maize price. This policy caused the maize demand for feed industry decreased. As a result of this condition, it decreased the chicken meat production and small-scale broiler farming income.Key words: maize, broiler, price, multimarket

Prophylactic Modulation of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emitted from Ruminants Livestock for Sustainable Animal Agriculture (REVIEW) J Takahashi
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 3 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Major greenhouse gases (GHG) attributed to animal agriculture sector are methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), either generated from enteric fermentation or manure. The abatement mechanism of rumen CH4 emission may be divided to direct and indirect suppression to methanogens in the rumen.The most significant strategy to mitigate ruminal CH4 emission in indirect manner is to promote alternative metabolic pathway to dispose of the reducing power, competing with methanogenesis for H2 uptake. This includes prebiotics and probiotics (mostly propionate enhancers) which consume metabolic hydrogen (H2) compete with methanogens and abate rumen methanogenesis in indirect manner. With regard to mitigate GHG emissions from manure, such waste has been proposed as a renewable energy and nitrogen sources through biogas plant. Furthermore, in advanced new biogas system, the ammonia stripping from digested slurry of livestock manure in biogas plant has been examined to apply to nitrogen recycling-options mitigating N2O emission. These options are: (1) ammonolysis on fiber-rich feedstuffs, (2) saccharification of the NH3 treated cellulose biomass to produce bio-ethanol, and (3) reformed hydrogen into NH3 fuel cell to generate electricity with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM).Key words: rumen methane, nitrous oxide, probiotics, prebiotics, ammonia stripping

Peranan Fruktosa, Rafinosa, dan Trehalosa pada Kriopreservasi Semen Kuda R I Arifiantini; B Purwantara; T L Yusuf; D Sajuthi
Media Peternakan Vol. 32 No. 3 (2009): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of carbohydrates supplementation on the stallion semen cryopreservation. Semen was collected from 3 stallions using artificial vagina twice a week. Collected semen was evaluated macro-and microscopically. Semen showed >60% progressive motility was then divided into 3 tubes and diluted with skim milk 1:1, centrifuged at 1006 g for 10 minutes. Supernatan was removed and each pellet rediluted either with skim milk extender supplemented with 50 mM trehalose (ST); 50 mM raffinose (SR) or 100 mM fructose (SF) with the concentration of sperm were 200x106 ml-1. Extended semen packed into minitub 0.3 ml and equilibrates at 4 oC for 2 hours, freezes in the liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes and stored in liquid nitrogen container -196 oC for further evaluation. After 24 hours, the semen was thawed at 37 oC for 30 second. The results of this experiment indicated that trehalose supplementation in skim milk was found to significantly improve the percentage of sperm motility (P<0.05) for stallion 1 and 3 compared to raffinose and fructose. But in all stallions, trehalose and fructose were superior compared to raffinose.Key words: Cryopreservation; stallion sperm; sugar

Addition of Purified Tannin Sources and Polyethylene Glycol Treatment on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation in Vitro Anuraga Jayanegara; H.P.S. Makkar; K. Becker
Media Peternakan Vol. 38 No. 1 (2015): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The objectives of this experiment were (1) to observe the effects of purified tannins and polyethy-lene glycol (PEG) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis, and (2) to assess the accuracy of volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in predicting methane emission. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins were extracted and purified from chestnut, sumach, mimosa and quebracho. Hay and concentrate mixture (70:30 w/w, 380 mg) was incubated in Hohenheim glass syringe containing 10 mL rumen liquor + 20 mL buffer. The purified tannins were injected into the syringes at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL each, either without or with PEG 6,000 addition in three replicates. Results revealed that a decrease of methane emission (20%-27%) was observed when the purified tannins were added into basal diet as compared to control (P<0.05), and PEG addition increased methane emission (P<0.05). All purified tannins decreased total gas and total VFA production (P<0.05). The H2 recovery of the treatments ranged from 86.7% to 95.3%. Estimation of methane emission by using VFA profiles revealed an accurate result with a very low root mean square prediction error (1.75%). It is concluded that tannins mitigate methane emission while PEG neutralize such effect, and VFA profiles are accurate predictors of the emission.Key words: tannin, polyethylene glycol, methane, rumen, stoichiometry

Blood Malondialdehyde, Reproductive, and Lactation Performances of Ewes Fed High PUFA Rations Supplemented with Different Antioxidant Sources Dilla Mareistia Fassah; Lilis Khotijah; Afton Atabany; Ridha Rianti Mahyardiani; Ridha Puspadini; Afi Yulian Putra
Media Peternakan Vol. 38 No. 1 (2015): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of vitamin E (vit E) and black tea extract (BTE) as antioxidant sources in high poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rations on blood malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and the performance of reproduction and lactation of Garut ewes. Twelve ewes on late pregnancy periods were divided into completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were control: basal diet without antioxidant, vit E: basal diet supplemented with vit E, and BTE: basal diet supplemented with BTE. The results showed that vit E and BTE supplementation did not affect blood MDA concentration of ewes on late pregnancy, lactation periods, and weaning periods. Antioxidant sources supplementation had no effect on ewe’s nutrient intake, pre-lambing live weight change (LWC), and post-lambing average daily gain (ADG). Vit E supplementation had decreased the milk production, but both of antioxidant sources give positive effect on the milk composition. Nevertheless, the supplementation of vit E and BTE increased the twin type of birth. The vit E supplementation resulted higher lambing rate than BTE, although it had the highest mortality rate of twin lamb. BTE also had better lamb weaning weight than vit E. BTE and vit E gave similar results in ewes productivity on lactation period. In conclusion, this study confirmed that BTE was more effective used as antioxidant source than vit E to prevent the oxidative reaction of PUFA. Vit E supplementation on high PUFA ration reduced ewes milk production but it had similar reproduction performance with BTE.Key words: antioxidant, black tea extract, ewes, lactation, reproduction, vitamin E

Utilization of Bioslurry on Maize Hydroponic Fodder as a Corn Silage Supplement on Nutrient Digestibility and Milk Production of Dairy Cows Heru Dwi Nugroho; Idat Galih Permana; . Despal
Media Peternakan Vol. 38 No. 1 (2015): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The research was conducted to study the effect of addition of 7% DM maize hydroponic fodder (MHF) in corn silage on digestibility and milk production of dairy cows. The experiment used a completely randomized block design with two treatments, and four replications. The treatments were dairy cows fed with grass (Pennisetum purpureum), corn silage, and concentrate (R0), and dairy cows fed with grass (P. purpureum), corn silage, concentrate, and MHF (R1). This research used eight dairy cows with initial average milk production of 13.01±2.96 L/d. MHF was produced in a hydroponic system using bioslurry as a fertilizer enriched with mineral fertilizer. Variables observed were chemical composition of bioslurry, nutrient content of ration, daily dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), and Digestible Energy (DE). Data were analyzed with ANOVA, except for milk production using ANCOVA. Supplementation of MHF resulted a higher total dry matter intake on R1 than R0 (P<0.05), 12.99±0.063 kg/head/d, and 11.98±0.295 kg/head/d, respectively. The digestibility of nutrients were not affected by the addition of MHF. Energy consumption in R1 was also higher than R0 (P<0.05), 49.95±0.36 Mkal/kg, and 46.11±0.54 Mkal/kg, respectively. Supplementation of MHF also increased nitrogen consumption, R1 was higher than R0 (P<0.05), 318.3±2.3 g/head/d, and 295.9±3.5 g/head/d, respectively, and could maintain the persistency of milk production at the end of lactation. It can be concluded that supplementation of MHF in corn silage can increase dry matter intake, energy consumption, and nitrogen consumption, also can maintain nutrient digestibility and maintain persistency of milk production during late lactation of dairy cows.Key words: bioslurry, dairy cow, greenhouse fodder, nutrient digestibility

Purification of Egg White Lysozyme from Indonesian Kampung Chicken and Ducks Zakiah Wulandari; Dedi Fardiaz; Cahyo Budiman; Tuti Suryati; Dian Herawati
Media Peternakan Vol. 38 No. 1 (2015): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Egg white lysozyme (EWL) has considerably a wide functional protein exhibiting antibacterial activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. The EWL is widely applied in food industry and is considerably safe. Despite its high potency, EWL of Indonesian poultry has never been studied and exploited. This study was aimed to purify EWL from two Indonesian poultry: kampung chicken and Cihateup duck, and compared to egg of commercial laying hens. The eggs in this study were obtained from field laboratory of Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) and classified in AA quality based on the interior quality. First attempt to purify the EWL was performed by using ethanol precipitation yielding purified EWL which was still contaminated by other proteins, hence designated as partially purified EWL. Final concentrations of partially purified EWL of kampung chicken, commercial laying hens, and Cihateup duck were about 5800, 5400, and 5500 μg/mL, respectively. To confirm whether the use of ethanol in the purification affecting EWL antibacterial activities, the activities were examined against Staphylococcus aureus. It demonstrated that the partially purified EWL exhibited ability to inhibit S. aureus at 6 and 26 h suggesting that the method was feasible as it did not interfere EWL antibacterial activities. Yet, based on SDS-Page, purity was the issue in ethanol precipitation method. Further attempt using ion exchange chromatography at pH 10 successfully purified lysozyme as indicated by a single band corresponding to lysozyme size (~14 kD) free from bands of other proteins. Altogether, a single step of ion exchange chromatography is sufficient and promising to isolate EWL from Indonesian poultry for various industrial purposes.Key words: Indonesian poultry, lysozyme, egg, kampung chicken, Cihateup duck

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