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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 379   380   381   382   383 
The Protection of Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Herbs for Just Health and Welfare Access for the Traditional Communities: A Comparison between India and Indonesia Yenny Eta Widyanti; Rahmi Jened; Nurul Barizah
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17673

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify a model in the protection of traditional knowledge (TK) of medicinal herbs by adopting a comprehensive protection instrument, comprising positive and defensive protection. Based on the regulation of TK in international conventions and the national laws, the best practice for the protection of TK of medicinal herbs is by implementing a sui generis regulation that stems from the principle of justice in fulfilling the traditional communities’ rights over access to health and welfare.
How is the Effect of Health Services on Toddler Diarrhea?: Ecological Analysis in Indonesia Yuli Puspita Devi; Milla Herdayati; Muthmainnah; Mahdiyyah Husna Nihar; Imas Elva Khoiriyah; Az-Zahra Helmi Putri Rahayu
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17674

Abstract

Background: About 4 billion cases of toddler diarrhea occur worldwide each year. As many as 70% of toddler deaths in the world were caused by diarrheal infections. This study was intended to analyze the relationship of health services factors on the prevalence of diarrhea of infants in Indonesia.Methods: Ecological analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. All provinces were taken as samples. Apart from prevalence of children under five with diarrhea, 4 other variables analyzed as independent variables were, the availability of health workers, the coverage of diarrhea services and the coverage of oralit services to the patients, the coverage of zinc services to the patients, and the poverty factors in each provinces. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation and spearman test.Results: The results show from 34 provinces, the highest prevalence of toddlers is in the Papua Province. The results showed that the higher the percentage of poor people in the province, the higher the prevalence of diarrhea in toddlers (r=0.363). While the low availability of health resources, coverage of oralit use, and coverage of zinc use in patients were mostly occurring in provinces that had a high prevalence of toddler diarrhea. This means that there was an inverse relationship between the availability of health resources (r=-0.430), the coverage of oralit use (r=-0.149) and the coverage of zinc use in patients (r=-0.013) with the prevalence of diarrhea in toddlers.Conclusion: It was concluded that according to bivariate analysis on the prevalence of diarrhea of toddlers showed that increasing availability of health resources in the provinces can help to reduce the prevalence of toddlers by assuming other variables remain.
The Role of Soluble HLA-G Serum Level in Therapeutic Response of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Zainab Khalid Khaleel; Hayfaa Salman Al-Hadithi; Asaad AbdulAmeer Khalaf; Omran Sukar Habib
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17675

Abstract

Human leukocyte antigen-G molecules (HLA-G) have been suggested to play a role in immune evasion and progression of different malignancies by their tolerogenic activity, through interaction with inhibitory receptors on surface of immune cells.The aim is to evaluate the role of the s HLA-G serum level in the prognosis and therapeutic responses to TKIs in CML patients.Serum level of soluble HLA-G was measured for a total of 61 adult patients with CML, who were on regular TKI for at least 6 months whom attended the out-patient’s clinic of the Hematology Center in Basra, compared with 20 apparently healthy controls matched in ages and sexes to the patients using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.Serum levels of HLA-G in CML patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (p=0.006). Elevated serum level of s HLA-G was significantly correlated with sex, BMI, duration of disease, Sokal scoring system.On the other hand, low s HLA-G serum level was significantly correlated with event free status (EF) of CML patients.Lower level of serum soluble HLA-G in CML patients compared to healthy controls and it might be proved as a prognostic biomarker for CML patients.
Different Patterns and Distribution of Skull Fractures in Road Traffic Accidents Zameeruddin Ahmed Hashmi; G Chandra Deepak; Mohammed Taqiuddin Khan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17676

Abstract

Background: The head is a common site of trauma in road accidents, and despite safety initiatives, the mortality rate for head injuries has not decreased. Despite the existence of a mandatory helmet law, both mortality and morbidity rates are on the rise. Head injuries are also associated with injuries to the neck, spine, stomach, abdomen, and pelvic cavity.Objectives: To study different patterns and distribution of skull fractures in different kinds of road accidents.Methods: In the Department of Forensic Medicine at Osmania General Hospital 4,213 post-mortem Examinations were carried out during the period ( August 2019 to January 2021. In 784 cases, death was attributed to Road Traffic Accidents. Head injury was present in 634 cases. In 471 cases out of 784, skull fractures were found. The data has been collected from PME reports and inquest reports, relatives and friends of the deceasedResults: Most frequently noted type of fracture is fissured in 59.8% of the cases. Injuries in RTA’s are almost always due to blunt force on cranial vault. Highest number of fractures are seen in temporal 100 (21%), Fractures occurring in cranial vault alone is 336(71.3%), BOS alone is 28(5.94%). Fractures extending into BOS are 308(65.3%). In the base of skull, overall highest frequency of fracture is found in MCF (alone in BOS) with 109 (23.1%), then in PCF (alone in BOS) is 71 (15%), least in ACF 39(8.28%). Only fracture MCF in all over skull is seen in 11(2.33%) cases, PCF 11(2.33%) casesConclusion: Commonest fracture of skull in road traffic accidents is the fissured fracture in the cranial vault, mostly in temporal bone. Fractures of cranial vault most frequently extend to middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa till foramen magnum which are responsible for immediate deaths. Victims who survived till hospital admission are almost half in number. Strict enforcement of road safety regulations and improving emergency medical services may prevent untimely deaths and disabilities caused by RTAs.
lassification Study of Solid Medical Waste in Heet General Hospital Ziad Kamil Mohsen; Dhafer F. Alrawi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17677

Abstract

Is rated about (10-25 %) Of these wastes as hazardous and can affect the public health environment and pollution in particular, the medical waste m n this hospital if it is not handled properly can cause health problems for health workers in the hospital and for the patients and the community. Medical waste consists of hazardous waste and non - hazardous wastes include waste and hazardous waste infectious , disease, drugs , sharp tools, chemicals, toxic waste genetic and radioactive either non - hazardous waste fats included garbage and general daily waste of residues of food , materials , office and other.
Postoperative Incidence of Iatrogenic Gallbladder Perforation During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Sulaimaniyah Teaching Hospital Sarkhel Hama Tofiq; Seerwan Hama Shareef
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17678

Abstract

Background and Objective: Iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder has been reported in 28% of those patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It has been pointed out that gallbladder perforation can result in formation of gallstones and spillage of bile. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the postoperative incidence of iatrogenic gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in SulaimaniTeaching Hospital.Patients and Methods: The present investigation was a single center, retrospective observational study that was carried out in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital in 2018-2019. The study sample included 99 patients who had undergone elective cholecystectomy. Required data on the possible risk factors and early outcomes and the patients’ demographics including age, BMI, and gender were collected. The collected data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22.0).Results: The results revealed that 80% of the patients were females. Also, 42.4% had no chronic diseases, while diabetes mellitus (DM), DM along with hypertension (HT), and HT were found to be the most prevalent chronic diseases among them with 18.2%, 16.2%, and 10.1% of prevalence, respectively. Only 17.2% of the patients had abdominal operation before, and acute cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis were seen respectivelyin 13% and 17% of them. The most common causes of gallbladder perforation (GP) were found to be electrocautery(16.2%) and grasper (7.1%). Moreover, 33.3% of the patients were overweight (BMI between 25 and 29.9), 45.5% were obese (BMI between 30 and 34.9), and 20.2% had BMI of over 35. Most of the patients aged 30 to 49 (62.6%). A majority of the patients (94.9%) were found to have gallstones.Conclusion: Iatrogenic gallbladder perforation is prevalent among patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still a better choice and associated with fewer complications compared to open cholecystectomy. Required measures need to be adopted for patients with perforated gallbladder in order to minimize spillage and remove as much spilled gallbladder content as possible.
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Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17679

Abstract

B
The Role of Biochemical Parameters in Prediction of Retinal Diseases and their Relationship to Cataract, Diabetes, and Hypertension, in Ibn Al Haytham Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq Huda H. Hassan; Fayhaa M. Khaleel; Khudair Abbas Jassim
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17680

Abstract

This work summarize multiple protective roles serum Zeaxanthin, and Malondialdehyde, in association with metabolic profiles and as a risk of retinal disorder disease with cataract, diabetes, and hypertension, totally thirty healthy control group, and seventy-five patients group for both genders were studied. Retinal disorder disease subdivided after clinical diagnosis, into three major -subgroups, the first cohort was twenty-five patients suffers of cataract, the second twenty-five of diabetic patients, while the third group is twenty-five hypertensive patients. Lipid-profile, Fasting-insulin-levels, serum zeaxanthin and malondialdehyde, have been done to all groups. Important findings presented in the roles of serum zeaxanthin, and malondialdehyde, by similarities and differences, in retinal diseases with cataract, diabetes, and hypertension. The activity levels of serum zeaxanthin in hypertensive retinopathy patients (32.80±30.56 ng/mL), was non-significantly (P>0.01) reduced compared to healthy control (88.85±139.31 ng/mL), in compression with the same patients for serum malondialdehyde MDA which expressed the highest level of MDA (2.456±2.149 μg/mL) among the rest groups, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in control (0.783±0.937 μg/mL), but the differences were non-significant (P>0.05) compared to diabetic retinopathy group (1.839±1.515 μg/mL).The activity levels are negatively associated with malondialdehyde levels in retinal disease patients with cataract, diabetes, and hypertension. Retinal disease patients with cataract, diabetes, and hypertension pathogenesis aren’t legitimately ensured. But multiple protective roles may be adopted in clinical diagnosis of retina, also in response to higher levels of oxidative stress, including serum malondialdehyde, and zeaxanthin, by fasting at least eight hours pre sophisticated lens surgery.
Effect of Thermocycling on Surface Roughness and Shear Bond Strength of Acrylic Soft Liner to the Surface of Thermoplastic Acrylic Treated with Ethyl Acetate Duha Qais Sabah; Bayan S. Khalaf
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17681

Abstract

Objective: To enhance bonding strength between thermoplastic denture base and acrylic soft liner through ethyl acetate surface treatment.Materials and Methods: Modifications of thermoplastic acrylic denture base surface were investigated with SEM. FTIR was used to detect whether there was a chemical bond between thermoplastic acrylic and the organic solvent. A total of 80 samples were prepared and divided into 20 samples for the surface roughness test and 60 samples for the shear bond strength test. Failure type was assessed visually.Results: Shear bond strength and surface roughness values of un treated samples were lower in comparison to surface treated groups; the greatest post thermocycling bond strength value was recorded for the samples treated with ethyl acetate following 1500 cycles.Conclusions: Bonding strength was improved following ethyl acetate surface treatment.
A Comparative Study of Immunological and Molecular Techniques to Diagnose Human Cytomegalovirus in renal Failure Patients in Diyala Governor Ibtihal Hameed Mohsin; IbtesamBadday Hassan; Mohammed Abdul Daim Saleh
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17682

Abstract

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)belongsto the herpes virus family, it has the ability to cause systemic infection and serious diseases in immunocompromised patients such as hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CMV infectionamonghemodialysis (HD) patients.. Renal failure is a condition in which the kidneys fail to remove metabolic end-products from the blood and regulate fluid, electrolytes and pH balance of extracellular fluids.Renal failure diesease is a wide dissemination among kidney patients inBa’quba City.Aim: the study was carried out toImmunological andMolecular detection of CMV among renal failure patients whom admitted to IbnSina Center for kidney Dialysis in Baquba Teaching Hospital .Patients and Methods: This study was conducted for the period from 1/12/2019 to 15/6/2020 in Baquba city in Iraq ,The study involved a total of 100 patients (62 males and 38 females) with kidney diseasewith ageand 50 healthy individuals considered as controls.First step includes Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) diagnosis in studied groupsbyEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique(ELISA) and second step was detection of Human Cytomegalovirus(HCMV) by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results: The obtained results showed that HCMV antibody was detected in renal failure patients by ELISAIgG (100%) while IgM were (15.0%) . Also,Distribution Of Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA in serum between patients with renal failure and control by using sensitive molecular techniques, The obtainedresults showed that the HCMV DNA was detected in (6 out of 45) or 6 % in patients, while in control group (0 out of 5) or 0.0 %.Also, the HCMV DNA was detected in males 1(16.66) %. while in females was 5(83.34) %, while in control group (0 out of 5) or 0.0 %. with highly precent differences was noticing among both sexes. These results showed the age group 60-70 showed the highest rate of infection among other groups.Conclusions: Real time PCR was rapid, sensitive and useful for diagnosing CMV infection in such patients.The results showed that Cytomegalovirus has relationship with chronic and acute renal failure and can affect the patient’s immune status. our results can provide an advanced diagnosis of viral infections among patients in hospitals in Iraq.

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