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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics among Children Under Five in Rural and Urban Communities of Cambodia Sokontheavy Yong; Kittipong Sornlorm; Wongsa Laohasiriwong
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17647

Abstract

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major treat especially in low- and middle-income countries with antibiotic resistant. Cambodia with high prevalence of infectious diseases among children under five, antibiotics use in urban and rural setting has not been clearly identified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the situation of inappropriate antibiotic use among children under five in urban and rural communities of Cambodia.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in both urban and rural communities in Cambodia from September to November 2020 by structured questionnaire interviewed among 512 Cambodian caregivers on antibiotic use for the under 5 children.Results: Among 512 children, majority were males both in urban (55.6 %) and rural (50.3%) settings, with the median age of 29.5 (3:59) months in urban and 30.0 (3:59) months in rural. The prevalence of inappropriate use of antibiotics among children under five was 79.3% (95% CI = 75.55 to 82.60), of which it was 26.0 % in urban and 53.3% in rural. Most of the rural respondents (82.1%) use antibiotics for bacterial infection diagnosed by doctors. However, it was only 52.6% in rural areas. Similar proportion of 58.6 % in urban and 61.1 % rural used antibiotics for fewer days than prescription.Conclusions: Inappropriate use of antibiotics were found in more than 3 quarters of children under five, of which the proportion in rural areas were much higher than urban. The further investigation on factors contributing to inappropriate use of antibiotics should be conducted.
Healthcare Facilities Choice for Maternity Care in Indonesia: Do Socioeconomic Factors Affects? Stefanus Supriyanto; Ratna Dwi Wulandari; Nikmatur Rohmah; Agung Dwi Laksono
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17648

Abstract

The government encourages maternity care in health facilities to reduce maternal mortality. The study aims to analyze the impact of socioeconomic factors on healthcare facilities’ choice for maternity care in Indonesia. The study used secondary data from the official report of the Indonesia Ministry of Health. The study takes all provinces as samples. Moreover, the study used the proportion of maternity care in health facilities as a dependent variable. On the other hand, the research analyzed four other variables as independent variables: percentage of the poor population, percentage of the population having health insurance, literacy percentage of population >15 years, and the unemployment rate for population >15 years. The study analyzed the data using a scatter plot. The study results show the lower the poor population in the province, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that province. The higher the percentage of the population having health insurance in an area, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that area. Meanwhile, the higher the literacy percentage of population >15 years in a province, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that province. Moreover, the higher the unemployment rate for population >15 years in a province, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that province. The study concluded that the four independent variables analyzed ecologically were associated with maternity care in health facilities.
Echocardiographic Study in Preterm Infant with Hemodynamic Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus Sunny Mariana Samosir; Martono Tri Utomo; Mahrus A. Rahman; Risa Etika; Dina Angelika; Kartika Darma Handayani; Agus Harianto
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17650

Abstract

Background: Potential complications of hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) after birth include heart failure, need for respiratory support, renal disfunction, intraventricular hemorrhage, as well as long term altered growth and development. Nevertheless, clinical signs of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are not sensitive and specific enough. Therefore, echocardiography still remains the preferred method to evaluate the ductal patency in preterm infant. The present study aimed to evaluate the echocardiography characteristic in preterm infant with hsPDA.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on preterm infants aged 3-7 days with 24-336/7 weeks of gestation. Data taken were demographic, clinical and echocardiography. Diagnosis of hsPDA was carried out by echocardiography; defined as >1.5mm diameter of ductus and >1.4 left pulmonal artery and aorta (La/Ao) ratio. The statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS 21.0.Results: There were 11 out of 52 preterm infants diagnosed hsPDA. Mean birth weight was 1213±293 gram; Mean gestational age was 30.72±2.01 weeks. In hsPDA group, mean ductus diameter was 2.84±0.93 mm, mean La/Ao ratio was 1.56±0.26, and mean ejection fraction (EF) was 71.55±5.72%.Conclusion: Echocardiographic evaluation is important for addressing hsPDA in preterm infants.
Laser Application for Management of Traumatic Ulcers Following Local Anesthesia in Children Tanya Agarwal; Needhika Registrar; Sania; Pranav Gupta; Deepak Kurup; Srishti
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17651

Abstract

Prolonged local anaesthesia in soft perioral tissues may sometimes lead to accidental lip biting in small children forming a traumatic ulcer. Healing of such ulcers has been reported to enhance with treatment using low level laser therapy (LLLT). This case report describe two cases of traumatic ulcers due to lip bite following inferior alveolar nerve block caused during post anaesthesia period that were treated by LLLT. It resulted in better healing and lower pain, thus helping in healing and repair of the tissue.
Critical Success Factor For E-learning in the Covid -19 Pandemic: A Case Study in Jordan Tasneem Alayed; Tala. H. Sasa; Nawal Bahtiti; Eman Al Muhur
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17652

Abstract

The questionnaire was in three parts. Part A was Availability of E-learning requirements related to technical, administrative and financial aspects Part B was Disadvantages of E-learning and Part C E-learning obstacles. And It was written using Google Forms, and the link was shared through multimedia. The reliability of instrument was determined. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and t_test and Anova was used to test the hypotheses. The result collected and analyzed showed that; the majority of study (84.0%) respondents were in the middle age between 29 to 48 years old. Males were accounted for less than one fifth (18.0%) of sample. And we found out through the results teachers with 12 to 22 years of experience found of obstacles of E- learning in comparison with those with the lowest number of years of experience, and that state schools have more obstacles than private schools.
Relationship between Media Access and Social Support with Contraception Plans in East Java, Indonesia Tasya Azelya Putri Andiani; Muthmainnah, Muthmainnah; Iswari Hariastuti; Yuli Puspita Devi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17653

Abstract

Objectives: The percentage of contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) and total fertility rate (TFR) of woman were indicators of the 2015-2019 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN). Total fertility rates in East Java had decreased significantly from 1971 to 2018. The achievement of the prevalence of modern contraceptive use (CPR) in East Java was 63.1 percent based on the results of the Program Performance and Accountability Survey (PPAS, 2018). This achievement was far better than the national achievement which only reached 57 percent. However, this target cannot be achieved by all districts and cities in East Java. According to Green’s theory, the factors of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing are factors that can be related to behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between enabling factors (media access) and reinforcing factors (social support) related to contraceptive plans in women of childbearing age in East Java, Indonesia.Study Design: This research was a non-reactive study using data from the IDHS (Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey) 2017. The unit of analysis in this study was all teenage respondents in East Java who met the requirements of the 2017 IDHS respondents.Results: The results showed that the enabling factor associated with contraception selection plans was listening to information about contraception through radio (sig = 0.038), television (sig < 0.001) and newspapers (sig < 0.001). While the reinforcing factor associated with contraceptive selection plans was supports from health facilities (sig = 0.000) and from farmacy (sig = 0.023). The role of health workers was very minimal in providing information access to woman in the process of selecting contraception. It can be seen that almost all of the woman said that they did not get information either from field officers (41.91%), from health facilities (39.45%), from village clinics (42.52%), and from pharmacists (38.00%).Implication to the fields: Based on the results of this study, there is a need for equal distribution of education in the selection of contraceptive methods to woman through optimizing the role of various health facilities, one of them through contraception officers, optimizing the use of mass media, especially television, radio and newspapers and magazines in disseminating information related to family planning.
Successful Treatment of Cerebral Tuberculoma and Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in an HIV/AIDS Patient: A Case Report Tenta Hartian Hendyatama; Usman Hadi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17654

Abstract

Tuberculosis is one opportunistic infection that may occur in HIV/AIDS patients. Its clinical presentation may depend on infected organs. A 37-years old man complained of left limb weakness followed by mild fever, weight loss of more than 10 kgs within two months, and swelling in his left submandibular region. Laboratory tests showed mild anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and positive serology HIV test. Histopathological examination of neck swelling showed inflammation of chronic granulomatous tuberculous with acid-fast bacilli positive in Ziehl Nielsen staining. Head CT scan with contrast, showed multiple isodense lesions with rim contrast enhancement accompanied by perifocal edema. Anti-Tuberculosis Drug and Anti-Retroviral Therapy were given as a combination treatment for this patient. Clinical and radiological improvement in the patient indicated good outcome and successful treatment.
The Balanced Score Card in Improving Performance in the Health Care Sector: A Literature Review Tirtana Brachnata; Nur Wening
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17655

Abstract

This paper is a literature review that discusses the use of the Blanced Score Card (BSC) to improve organizational performance, especially in the field of health services. The purpose of this study is to explore and connect theories from various studies. This paper identifies 21 articles with related topics published in the last decade. The results in this study indicate that BSC has been used in the health sector but is mostly used in the hospital sector, amounting to 87.5% (measuring performance against national standards and guidelines in the essential package of hospital services, assessing the quality of health services to strengthen health services in developing a country, integrated health care in hospitals, measuring service quality with the cost of patient care in the hospital, evaluate hospital performance, evaluation of the main performance of the hospital as an effort to achieve the hospital’s strategic goals efficiently) and in part small bada in the field of pharmaceutical services by 12.5% (measuring and evaluating the performance of pharmacies and stressing patient-centered services). While in other health service sectors there has not been any research that causes this cause based on this research it can be used to develop other research to examine the effectiveness of the use of BSC in the broader health service sector such as national health insurance, basic health services, or at the ministry or agency health.
A Patient with AIDS and Embolic Stroke: A Case Report Troy Fonda; Usman Hadi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17656

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global concern. Globally, 36.7 million people are living with HIV and 1 million people died at the end of 2016. There is an association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with neurological manifestations. Between 1% and 5% of patients with HIV develop stroke. The pathogenesis of AIDS with stroke is still controversial. A 37-year-old male patient with AIDS had an embolic stroke. The diagnosis of the patient was based on clinical condition and the CT scan results of the head with contrast. The stroke-causing mechanism in patients is HIV-associated vasculopathy that results from accelerated atherosclerosis. After administration of antiplatelet and statin, the patient’s condition improves.
Association between Cortisol and Infection Risk of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Receiving Induction and Consolidation Chemotherapy in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya Tutwuri Handayani; Dewa Gede Ugrasena; Mia Ratwita Andarsini
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 1 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17657

Abstract

Background: Mortality due to Infection associated therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children remains high, although therapeutic success and survival rate are substantially improving.Methods: This study used a pre and post-test group design for children aged less than 18 years with ALL newly diagnosed and receiving chemotherapy in pediatric patient of Dr. Soetomo hospital Surabaya.Results: The study involved 25 subjects, 10 subjects were male, average age ranged from 3 to 9 years. The high risk-ALL subjects were 15 (60%), hyperleukocytosis 4 (16%) subjects and 7 (28%) subjects with leukopenia. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in decreasing cortisol levels in week-4 compared to week-0 (p <0.001) and an increased in cortisol levels between week-12 compared to week-10. The incidence of infection during induction phase is higher than the consolidation phase (40vs15). The relationship between the mean cortisol levels and the incidence of infection in general showed a significant difference in the induction phase of week-0 (p=0.029), week-4 (p=0.041), and week-6 (p=0.005).Conclusion: In the induction phase, there is an association between mean cortisol levels and the risk of infection, but there is no such association in the consolidation phase.

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