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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Genotyping of Cryptosporidium Parvum by PCR-Sequencing Analysis for The 70 Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) Gene and Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) Gene Sarmad Jassem Mohammed; Noora Amir Al-Watifi; Zahraa Isam Jameel; Amera Kamal Mohammed; Yusor Fadhil Alasadi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16246

Abstract

Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan parasite that is increasingly recognized among immunocompetent hostsas a leading cause of childhood diarrhea in lower source settings and of waterborne diarrheal outbreaks inhigh income countries. C. parvum, which infects bovines, wild animals and humans, account for the majorityof human infections. Cryptosporidium oocysts are transmitted via the fecal oral route, including by person toperson spread, from contaminated food or water, or from contact with infected animals. 300 Stool sampleswere collected from patients in Hilla city from different hospitals. DNA extracted from stool samples, PCRamplification of DNA. Genotyping of HSP70 gene and DHFR Gene was performed using a polymerasechain reaction technique, followed by DNA sequencing. Accordingly, these DNA polymorphisms wereconfirmed using DNA sequencing. The sequencing results showed the presence of many SNPs determinedin the HSP70 gene and DHFR gene.
The Effect of an Electronic Learning Environment According to the Electronic Cooperative Learning Strategy on Cognitive Achievement by Studying Teaching Methods for Students Alia Hussein Obaid; Nabaa Abdul Amir Abdul Hadi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16247

Abstract

This study aimed to know the effect of an electronic learning environment according to the collaborativee-learning strategy on cognitive achievement by studying teaching methods for female students. Theexperimental approach was used in the study, by two experimental groups, a control, and each group (20)students. To achieve the objectives of the study, the cognitive achievement test was built to study teachingmethods and design an electronic learning environment to study the teaching method material, and theresults indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the averages of the two groups inthe measure of cognitive achievement in the post-application and for the benefit of the experimental group.The results were discussed in light of the theoretical framework, as well as Some recommendations andfuture studies have been drawn up.
Effects of Contraception Pills and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Tissue Plasminogen Activator -1 and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Per and Postmenopausal Women Hind Chassab Karam; Dakhel Ghani Omran
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16248

Abstract

Contraception is a program employed to avoid pregnancy during premenopausal period where as hormonereplacement therapy (HRT) is a medical option to ameliorate menopausal complications. The present studywas designed to evaluate the effects of contraceptions and HRT on estradiol hormone ,tissue plasminogenactivator-1 (TPA-1),and plasminogen activator in hibitor-1(PAI-1).One hundred (120) women were recruited ;30 women with contraception; 30 women with HRT ,and60women contraception ; with HRT , and 60 women as a control group. All ages of women were rangedbetween 31-70 years old and subdivided into four groups(31-40,41-50, 51-60, 61-70 years old ).Data obtained from this study indicated a significant elevation (p<0.05) in the levels of estradiol hormone inall tested groups of women compared to control women (without contraception and HRT).It was establisheda significant drop (p<0.05) in the concentration of TPA-1 in women taking contraception and those intakeHRT in a comparison with control groups. About levels of PAI-1,they were significantly higher (p<0.05)in both women with contraception and HRT than of control women .From these observations the availableconclusion may be administration of contraception and HRT influence fibrinolytic system and increaseincidence of thrombotic events .
Effectiveness of Intradialytic Stretching Exercises on Prevention and Reduction of Leg Muscle Cramps among Patients undergoing Hemodialysis: Randomized Controlled Trial Amjed Abdulabbas Shraida; Diaa K. Abd-Ali; Hisham Q. Mohammad
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16249

Abstract

Renal replacement therapy is a treatment option for people who have acute or chronic renal failure. A patientwith increasing symptoms of renal failure is referred to a dialysis and transplantation center early in thecourse of progressive kidney disease. Hemodialysis is one of the most widely used dialysis procedures.Muscle cramps are the most common complication experienced by hemodialysis patients that usuallydevelop during and in between hemodialysis therapy. These cramps appear to be the most common reasonfor the early termination of the hemodialysis session. Study Design: Pretest-posttest non-blind randomizedcontrolled trial has been used in the present study to evaluate the effectiveness of Intradialytic stretchingexercises on the leg muscle cramps among patients undergoing hemodialysis, from the period of September5th, 2020 to March 22nd, 2021. Study Sample: Non-probability purposive Sample of 60 patients undergoinghemodialysis. The sample is divided randomly into two groups; 30 patients as the study group and theother 30 as the control group. The setting of the study: The study is conducted in Al-Najaf City/Al-NajafAl-Ashraf Health Directorate / Al-Sadder Medical City / The specialized center for kidney diseases andtransplantation / Hemodialysis Unit. Result: The study result signifies that the level of muscle crampsimproved significantly among the study group participants compared with control group.
The Effect of (Tabata) Style Exercises to Developing Endurance Ability and Performance of the Skill of Lay-Up Shot of Basketball for Young Players Under Age 18 Years Ahmed Ghassy Abd Alhussein; Hussein Mnaty Sachit; Nidahal Obaid Hamza
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16251

Abstract

The researchers used the experimental method of experimental design with pre and post-test for oneexperimental group for its suitability to the nature of the research, the research community was identifiedwith young basketball players belonging to the Al-Ghadriyah Sports Club of (16-18) years for the 2020-2021 training season, which totaled 12 players. The research sample was chosen by (7) players representingthe training group, and 5 players were hired for the experiment, the researchers prepared his exercises ina high-intensity interval training method and repetitive training in order to achieve the goal of reachingthe development of endurance and performance of the skill of lay-up shot among the players of the Al-Ghadriyah sports club in basketball in Kerbala. The application of the exercises continued for (8) weeks, inwhich 16 training units were achieved, the total number of training units included exercises in the (Tabata)style (16) units and the number of weekly training units that included exercises in the (Tabata) style (2)units for a period of (8) weeks, the time of exercises in one training unit (11-15) minutes. The intensity usedranges between 90-100 %. Among the most important conclusions reached by the researchers is the presenceof statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post-tests of the experimental groupin the researched variables, which indicates that the (Tabata) exercises are effective in developing enduranceand performing the skill of lay-up shot of basketball.
Word Recognition Test for Iraqi-Speaking Adults Ali Ismail Qasim; Sami Raheem Al-Katib; Yasir Lafta Hassoun; Jaafar Ismail Qasim
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16252

Abstract

Objective: to contribute in the development of speech audiometric test in Iraq by using Arabic-Iraqi dialectfor measuring word recognition score (WRS).Methods: sixty normal persons aged 40-65 years (30 males and 30 females) divided into six equal groups.After determining hearing thresholds (PTA) determine WRS , each list of 25 words to one group, monaurallyin the better ear at several intensities through speech audiometer by using monosyllable Alusi’s words liststhrough monitored live voice (MLV).Results: the normal speech audiometric curves of word recognition test in this study are similar to thenormal curves obtained with previous Arabic, European and American monosyllabic word lists in additionto no intelligibility differences between Alusi’s monosyllable word half-lists.Conclusion: this study suggests Alusi’s monosyllable word lists can be used in Iraqi Arabic-speaking adultsto determine WRS.
Nurses’ Knowledge toward Bariatric Surgery at Surgical Wards at Teaching Hospitals in Al-Basra City Ali Malik Tiryag; Hussein Hadi Atiyah
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16253

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge about bariatric surgery and to find the relationshipbetween Nurses’ knowledge about bariatric surgery and their demographic characteristics (age, gender, levelof education, and years of experience). A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on nurses’ knowledgetoward bariatric surgery at surgical wards at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Al-Faiha Teaching Hospital, andAl-Mawani Teaching Hospital in Al-Basra City. The period of the study was extended from the 15th ofNovember 2020 to the fifth of April 2021. Purposive (non-probability) sample covers (100) nurses whowork in the surgical wards, a questionnaire was designed to investigate nurses’ demographics, knowledgetoward obesity, bariatric surgery, complications of bariatric surgery, and postoperative nursing care andpatient education. The results of this study showed that 85% of studied nurses had poor knowledge aboutbariatric surgery, 14% of nurses had moderate knowledge and only 1% of nurses had good knowledge.
Effectiveness of Health Promotion Program on Nurses’ Knowledge about Preventing Transmission of Communicable disease at Primary Health Care Centers in Al -Amara City Tahssein Ali Hussein; Raad Kareem Fraaj
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16254

Abstract

Background: Promoting and sustaining the knowledge of nurses in primary health care centers aboutpreventing transmission of communicable diseases intended to enable the nurse to develop health trendsin people, building healthy behavior, and enable the people to understand health messages to their familiesabout preventing the spread of communicable diseases.Objective: The study aim to evaluate the nurses’ knowledge about preventing transmission of Communicabledisease at Primary Health Care Centers, and to construction of educational program.Methodology: A quasi-experimental design has been carried out from (19) Primary Health Care Centersstarted from the 17th, November 2019 to 12th, April 2021. Select purposive sample comprised of 50 nursesis divided into two groups equally, study group were exposed to the nursing educational program, andcontrol group. Constructed the study instrument by researcher. Questionnaire consisted of (56) questions toevaluate the nurses’ knowledge about preventing transmission of Communicable diseases. The validity ofthe instrument obtained by 15 experts panel while reliability of instrument is determined using test and retestapproach. The analysis of data by application of description statistic (frequency, percentage, arithmeticmean and standard deviations) and inferential statistical (ANOVA, t-test and chi-square test)Results: The study reveal that the majority of nurses had deficit level of knowledge of evaluation at pre -testwhile control group were moderate level of knowledge about preventing transmission of Communicabledisease in Health promotion and Immunization units, while for post-test1,post-test2 presented improve instudy group for knowledge.
Mothers Knowledge about Nutritional Status of their Children in Primary Health Centers at Baghdad City Samar Hussein Kareem
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16255

Abstract

Nutrition is a critical feature of a lifetime and plays an important role in the growth and development of ahealthy child free from illness and disability. The objective analysis is to assess the mother’s awareness ofthe nutritional status of her children and to evaluate her relationship with socio-demographic characteristicsin Baghdad District (Karkh and Rasafa area).Methodology: Methodology: The Descriptive Study was planned to assess mothers with informationconcerning the nutritional status of their children from January 2020 to November 2020 in the Karkh andRasafa areas of Baghdad Region.The sample form is intended for 100 volunteer mothers who have been chosen randomly from the PrimaryHealth Center in Bagdad City to participate in the study. The study included four health centers dividedbetween the Karkh and Rasafa regions of Bagdad, and the number of samples in each center was (25)participating mothers.Results: The findings of the study have been verified by the use of the fisher-test and ANOVA to assessmothers’ knowledge of the nutritional status of their children of high significance between mothers’knowledge and age, occupation status, number of children in the family at (p-value < 0.01), while the levelof schooling, monthly income and knowledge sources have shown that there is no relevance to this.
Assessment Knowledge of Diabetic Patients towards Prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy at the Endocrinology and Diabetes Center in Basra City Khadija Mohammed Jassim; Zainab Salman Dawood; Adil Ali Hussein
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.16256

Abstract

Objectives: The study goals to: To assess diabetic patients’ knowledge of diabetic retinopathy (DR), toassess the knowledge of diabetic patients regarding the prevention of diabetic retinopathy and to find out therelationship between the level of knowledge regarding the prevention of diabetic retinopathy and clinicalsocio-demographic characteristics.Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was performed though out the present study for periodfrom 1st December 2020 to 20st March 2021. A non - probability purposive sample of 100 patients at theEndocrinology and Diabetes Center in Basra City. Data were collected through the questionnaire constructedand the self-management reporting process. The questionnaire consists of three parts: social and clinicaldemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, the environment,economic Status, duration of illness, type of diabetes mellitus, A family history of diabetes, type of treatmentfor diabetes and history of eye disease).The second part consist of questionnaire contain questions relatedto general information regarding knowledge of diabetic patients about diabetic retinopathy. The third partcontains questions related to the prevention of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes. The validityof the tool content was determined by a committee of experts, and the internal consistency of the tool wasdetermined through a pilot study and the calculation of the alpha correlation coefficient (r = 0.70). Analyzingdata by descriptive and inferential statistical approaches using (SPSS) version 22.0.Results: The results of the study showed that (55%) had a poor level of knowledge regarding diabeticretinopathy, and (50%) had a moderate level of knowledge regarding the prevention of diabetic retinopathy.

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