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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Burning Mouth Syndrome and Salivary Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Metformin Monotherapy and on Combination of Metformin and Glibenclamide (A Comparative Study) Suhair A. Hussain1 , Enas F. Kadhim2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10552

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive, incompletely understood metabolic conditionchiefly characterized by hyperglycemia. Impaired insulin secretion, resistance to tissue actions of insulin, ora combination of both are thought to be the commonest reasons contributing to the pathophysiology of type2 diabetes mellitus.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the salivary Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factorlevel in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on treatment of metformin as a monotherapy and those oncombination treatment of metformin and glibenclamide. Also to evaluate the burning mouth syndrome inpatients with diabetes mellitus under hypoglycemic agents.Method: In this study 80 male subjects divided into 3 groups: Group 1: 30 subjects as healthy controlgroup, Group 2: 25 subjects with type 2 diabetes under treatment of metformin as a monotherapy 500mg twice/day and duration 12- 18 months, and Group 3: 25 subjects with type 2 diabetes treated withcombination of metformin 500 mg twice/day and glibenclamide 5mg twice/day and duration 12- 18 months.Oral examination was done for each participant and the oral manifestations were recorded. Unstimulatedwhole saliva samples were collected to measure the brain derived neurotrophic factor level and comparingthe results with each group. Body mass index for all participants was recorded. Salivary Brain derivedneurotrophic factor concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELIZA.Results: The results showed that the burning mouth syndrome was seen in both patients groups. Statisticalanalysis showed a significant increase in burning mouth syndrome among the study groups. Regardingsalivary brain derived neurotrophic factor, results revealed that there was a significant higher in combinationgroup as compared to control and metformin monotherapy group.Conclusion: Both monotherapy and combination therapy was affect salivary level of brain derivedneurotrophic factor. Burning mouth syndrome was seen secondarily to diabetes and poor glycemic controland seen in both patients groups.
Efficacy of Chitosan Immune Response Against Listeria Monocytogenes Infection in Mice Sura Ayed Radam1, Inam Badr Faleh1; Osama Faid allah Atshan2, Mustafa Salah Hasan3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10553

Abstract

The present research aimed to study the effect of dietary chitosan supplementation against murineexperimentally infection by Listeria monocytogenes.forty mice were divided equally into 4 groups. The 1st and 2nd groups fed on diet supplement with chitosan(1mg/kg diet) and (1.5mg /kg diet) for (4) weeks respectively, While 3rd and 4th groups considered as controlpositive and negative groups. At (4) weeks the first three groups were inoculated intraperitoneally i/P with(0.2) ml (1×109) CFU/ml, while the 4th group (control negative) inoculated with (0.2) sterile normal saline.At (7) days post infection, the result revealed diet one of mice in each control positive and treated group at(24hrs.) post infection with heavy bacterial isolation from brain, spleen and liver of infected positive groupand mild to absent bacterial isolation in the 1st and 2nd group respectively.Grossly presence of severe congestion in the internal organs with necrotic foci seen on the splenic surface ofinfected positive control while the characteristic feature in the treated infected group was hepatosplenomegaly.Sever pathological changes were noticed in the infected positive control group characterized by suppurativeinflammation with necrosis accompanied with lymphoid depletion and amyloid like substance depositionwhile the main lesion in treated infected groups showed granulomatous lesion, lymphoid hyperplasia andmononuclear cells infiltration with heavy bacterial isolation from brain, spleen and liver of infected positivegroup and mild to absent bacterial isolation in the first and second group respectively, We concluded thatchitosan stimulated and improve the immune responses in mice against Listeria monocytogenes infection.
The Effect of Boiling Time on the Concentration of Nitrite in Sausages Nurlailah1 , Dinna Rakhmina1 , Badar Ruddin2 , Anny Thuraidah1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10554

Abstract

Background : Nitrite is often used as a preservative as well as curing to brighten foods made from raw meat such as sausages. Excessive use of nitrite can cause symptomatic methemoglobin, tumors to cancer in humans. One method that can be used to reduce nitrate levels in sausages is by boiling. Aim : The study aimed to determine the effect of boiling time on the nitrite content of sausages. Material and Method : This type of research is an experiment with a one group pretest-posttest design. The research material is sausages obtained from distributors, Banjarbaru. The research material treatment was carried out by boiling sausages with distilled water for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes at 80-90o C. Results : There was a decrease in the level of nitrite in sausage after boiling, which is consecutive at 1.44 ppm (5 min); 1.17 ppm (10 minutes); 0.98 ppm (15 minutes); 0.83 ppm (20 minutes) and 0.7 ppm (25 min). The linear regression test found that R square was 0.574 or 57.4%. Conclusion : Meat sausage boiling process can lower nitrite levels in sausages, the longer the boiling process is increasing the amount of nitrite being eliminated from the sausage with the highest number of boiling for 25 minutes there is a decrease of 70%.
Fatal Drowning in Delta State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study of Cases in this Region Uchendu O J,1 Ijomone E A,2 Nwachokor F N3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10555

Abstract

Introduction: Drowning death is a preventable, under-reported public health problem resulting fromrespiratory insufficiency secondary to immersion or submersion in liquid.Aim: To study the sex, age, and place of death of victims of fatal drowning in Warri, Delta state, Nigeria.Material and Method: This is a descriptive, retrospective study of cases of fatal drowning reported to thecoroner and subjected to postmortem examination by the authors in Delta State from 1st January 2003 to31th December 2016. Basic information such as the age, sex and place of death were extracted and analyzedusing Microsoft Office Excel, version 2007.Results: Thirty-seven victims comprising of 34 males and 3 females were examined during this study,giving a mean incidence of about 2.5 cases per annum. Their ages ranged from 1.5 to 59 years with a meanof 28. 53 years and a dual peak in the 3rdand 4th decades. All the deaths were of accidental causes, with mostthe of them (70%) occurring within natural water bodies.Conclusion: The study showed that drowning death is relatively common and usually of accidental etiology.Young males in their thirties and forties are the most vulnerable victims, with the natural water bodies beingthe most common site of drowning. Being a preventable cause of death, adopting and enforcing preventivesafety measures by the individuals, community and government will invariably reverse this trend.
Measurement of Effective Dose Detox for Workers Exposed to Benzene Toxins in Sidoarjo Paint Industry Vivi Budiarti1, Charles Kimura1, Ayu Prima Kartika1, Achmat Kuncoro1, Abdul Rohim Tualeka1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10556

Abstract

One of the aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, namely benzene. Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweetodor (sweet odor), volatile in the air, soluble in water and flammable. Today the use of benzene used bythe paint manufacturing industry. However, the concentration of benzene that exceed standards requiredthreshold value will negatively impact the health of workers in Sidoarjo Paint Industry. Benzene can threatenthe safety and human health if inhaled because it can damage the blood forming system profile in humans.The purpose of this research is to reduce the exposure of benzene by determining the effective dose of toxindetox benzene in the paint industry, Sidoarjo, East Java. This study was an observational study with crosssectionalapproach.result the average concentration of benzene in the workplace respondents was 3.28 mg /m3. The average effective dose should be consumed by the respondent for the avocado intake is 0,011 mg /day, chicken intake 0,026 mg / day, intake of grapefruit 0.033 mg/day, and carrot intake was 0.063 mg /day.
Salivary Zinc level and Taste Detection Thresholds in Hypertensive Patients on Amlodipine and on Losartan (A Comparative Study) Yosor M. Akram1, Taghreed F. Zaidan2, Zaid M Akram3, Omar A. Abed Alsattar4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10557

Abstract

High blood pressure (hypertension) is one of greatest risk factors for cardiovascular disease,whichis a remarkable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The outcome of hypertension (HTN) andcardiovascular disease (CVD) is influenced by a wide variation of risk factors like use of tobacco; excessivealcohol consumption; unhealthy diet, few physical activity ,overweight and obesity; high blood glucose,and abnormal blood lipids. The objectives of this study were to evaluate taste detection thresholds (offour basic tastes) of hypertensive patients on Amlodipine 5 mg and on Losartan 50 mg. And to estimateZinc level in saliva of those patients and compare it with control subjects. A total of 90 subjects wereincorporated in this study they were divided into three groups: 1-Thirty patients on Amlodipine (5mg)2-Thirty patients on Losartan (50mg) and 3- Thirty healthy control subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva wascollected from all subjects including in this study. Volume of 5 ml of each taste gradient solution,was offeredto the participants. The samples were subjected to biomechanical analysis to estimate zinc level by usingthe atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The result showed that the taste detection threshold of sucrose andsault were significantly higher in patients on Amlodipine and on Losartan treatment than in control subjects.While the taste detection threshold of sour and bitter showed no significant differences between the studygroups. Also there is un alteration in salivary Zinc, Zinc in patients on Amlodipine and on Losartan wassignificantly lower compared to control group.
Analysis of Relationship between Work Attitudes and Repetitive Activities with Subjective Complaints on Musculoskeletal Disorder in Circular Loom Division workers PT. Kerta Rajasa Raya Sidoarjo Indonesia Yuly Eka Saputri1, Y. Denny Ardyanto W2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10558

Abstract

The Musculoskeletal System Disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common occupational diseasesexperienced by workers. This disorder is influenced by several factors, such asrepetitive activity factor andunnatural work attitude factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the strong relationship betweenwork attitude and repetitive activity with subjective complaints of musculoskeletal disorder in the circularloom division of PT. Kerta Rajasa Raya Sidoarjo, Indonesia.This study used observational techniques with cross-sectional design. Respondents in this study wereworkers in the circular loom division of PT. Kerta Rajasa Raya, Sidoarjo, that consisted of 14 peoplebased on the researchers’ inclusion criteria. The data were obtained from the results of questionnaires andfield observations. Work attitude data were analyzed using OWAS; MSDs subjective complaint data wereinvestigated using NBM checklist sheets; and repetitive activity data were analyzed based on the results ofquestionnaires, interviews, and observations.The results showed that the majority of respondents have subjective complaints of musculoskeletal disorderwith high severity. The work attitude variable has a very strong correlation with subjective complaints ofMSDs, and repetitive activity variable has a strong correlation with subjective complaints of MSDs.The company are advised to provide training related to safe lifting method, provide information related toMSDs in the form of posters or providing specific material. Companies are also advised to add the expeditionpersonnel to reduce the repetition of lifting activities.
Platelet Counts Analysis of Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) Produced by Several Centrifugation Techniques Pande Putu Rangga Raditya1 , Yetti Hernaningsih2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10559

Abstract

Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) can be obtained by various centrifugation techniques. This study aims to analyze platelet count in PPP produced by three different centrifugation techniques. Samples came from a healthy adult who underwent medical check-up and had been given informed consent. A total of 2.7 mL of blood samples were collected using three citrated tubes. Samples were centrifuged by three different techniques to obtain PPP: 1,500 g for 15 minutes twice, 3,000 g for 15 minutes, and 3,260 g for 10 minutes. The platelet count of each PPP was examined using a hematology analyzer. All three centrifugation techniques produced <10,000/µL platelets in all PPP from 31 samples. The twice centrifugation of 1,500 g for 15 minutes produced a median number of platelets which was 1×103 /µL (0-3). The 3,000 g centrifugation for 15 minutes produced a median number of platelets which was 1×103 /µL (0-5). The 3,260 g centrifugation for 10 minutes produced a median number of platelets which was 2×103 /µL (0-5). A comparison of platelet count showed a significant difference (p<0.05) among the three centrifugation techniques. The three centrifugation techniques in this study were able to produce PPP. The centrifugation technique of 1,500 g for 15 minutes twice produced the lowest number of platelets.
Feeding Style for Children Aged 0-59 Months of Buginese Ethnicity Rudy Hartono1,4, Agustian Ipa1,4, Sirajuddin1,3,4, Aswita Amir1,4, Sharifah Intan Zainun Sharif Isha
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10560

Abstract

Background. The study of Feeding Style of children in ethnic Buginese was focused on caregiver styles to feeding practices that influences nutritional stunting. The purpose of this study was to determine feeding style of Bugis ethnicity. Method. The cross sectional study and the sample size is 300 subjects, selected by random sampling. Located in in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Provice Indonesia (starting January-December 2019). Enumerators in this study were students of the Applied Nutrition & Dietetic in Nutrition Department of the Health Polytechnic Makassar. Research ethics was obtained at the Makassar Health Polytechnic Ethics Commission. The results showed that stunting prevalence for children in Bugineses ethnicity was 22,7% and Feeding Style consists of four groups namely caring ( indulgent ), compromise ( authoritative ), free ( uninvolved ) and completely regulating ( authoritarian ). The conclusion is that the style of Bugis ethnic child feeding style consists of four groups namely indulgent, authoritative, uninvolved, and authoritarian.
Renal Protective Effects of Gamma-Mangostin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice Saikhu Akhmad Husen1,2, Salamun1 , Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori3 , Suhailah Hayaza4 , Raden Joko Kuncoro
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10562

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of gamma-mangostin to reduce plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine and ameliorates the impaired renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice. Antioxidant assay was conducted by using male BALB/c mice. Mice were divided into two groups, they were normal control (KN) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (STZ) induction was performed using multiple low-dose of 30 mg/kg body weight injected for five consecutive days. Diabetic mice have divided into three subgroups; diabetic control (KD), diabetic mice treated with acarbose (KA), and diabetic mice treated with gamma-mangostin. The gamma-mangostin treatment group was categorized based on the dose given; P1 (1 mg/kg BW), P2 (2 mg/kg BW), and P3 (4 mg/kg BW). Interestingly, gamma-mangostin administration was found to be able to lower plasma BUN and creatinine and ameliorate the impaired renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice significantly. Therefore, gamma-mangostin has demonstrated high antioxidant activity. The proof suggests that gamma-mangostin is a lead compound candidate for clinical management or prevent diabetes mellitus.

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