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Muhamad Thohar Arifin
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Muhamad Thohar Arifin MD. PhD. Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Kec. Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275 Email: dimjoffice@gmail.com
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Diponegoro International Medical Journal (DIMJ)
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : Without     EISSN : 27455815     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/dimj
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Diponegoro International Medical Journal (DIMJ) ISSN Number: 2745-5815 welcomes contributions which promote the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between practicing educators and medical researchers all over the world. DIMJ is an international, peer review, electronic, and open access journal. DIMJ is seeking an original and high-quality manuscript. Areas of interest in all aspects of medical and physiology include but are not limited to the following topics: Modelling of diagnose and cure of human diseases The scientific underpinning of medicine and pathophysiology Biochemistry and biology molecular solution Decision support systems Biomedicine Any experimental design and statistical analysis The application of new analytical and study methods (including biomolecular studies)
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 86 Documents
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The Impact of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review Gabriela Valencia Putri Husodho; Muhammad Abi Ghoffari Siregar; Agyta Hanifa Faiza
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29648

Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease remains a significant global public health threat, with around 315 million patients in 2022, having risen due to global population growth, with regional disparities persisting. Air pollution, specifically fine particulate matter (PM) categorized according to size into PM2.5 and PM10, has been identified as a critical and modifiable determinant of coronary heart disease, associated with 4.2 million deaths globally in 2019, most of cardiovascular origin. Hence, a systematic review was conducted to assess the impact that PM2.5 and PM10 have on coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease remains a significant global public health threat, with around 315 million patients in 2022, having risen due to global population growth, with regional disparities persisting. Air pollution, specifically fine particulate matter (PM) categorized according to size into PM2.5 and PM10, has been identified as a critical and modifiable determinant of coronary heart disease, associated with 4.2 million deaths globally in 2019, most of cardiovascular origin.Objective: To assess the impact that PM2.5 and PM10 have on coronary heart disease.Methods: A literature search was done to identify relevant articles using three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO) between 2020-2025. Studies written in English and observational studies were included. Articles without complete data and case reports were excluded. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines.Results: 46 studies were included in the final synthesis. 24 studies discussed only PM2.5, 22 studies discussed both PM2.5 and PM10, while none of the studies discussed only PM10. The majority of the studies were conducted in China (21 studies). Overall, PM2.5 had higher OR, RR, and HR for coronary heart disease compared to PM10, due to its smaller size. Lower quality of life, which includes higher mortality and hospitalization rates, was also seen with higher PM exposure.Conclusion: PM exposure increases the risk of coronary heart disease occurrence and decreases quality of life in patients, with PM2.5 having a higher effect than PM10.
The Effects of Kretek Cigarettes and Ascorbic Acid-based Vape on IL-6, TNF-α Levels, and Pulmonary Histopathology: An Experimental Study on White Rats (Rattus novergicus) on Inflammatory Response and Pulmonary Histopathology Dora Maftikhati; Awal Prasetyo; Udadi Sadhana; Hermawan Istiadi
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29825

Abstract

Background: Smoking habits remain difficult to break, with 991 million smokers worldwide in 2020. Many have switched to vaping, which is regarded as safer than clove cigarettes. Exposure to cigarette smoke can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and damage lung tissue.Objective: This study compared the effects of kretek cigarette smoke and ascorbic acid-based vape smoke on inflammatory response and lung tissue in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: Twenty-one 8-week-old rats were randomized into three groups: control, exposed to kretek cigarette smoke, and exposed to ascorbic acid-based vape. The kretek cigarette group was exposed to smoke from 3 cigarettes/day, while the vape group received 0.5 ml/day of vape smoke, for 12 weeks. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were analyzed using ELISA. The perimeter length of the alveolus, the degree of alveolar wall damage, and the extent of inflammatory cell distribution were also examined. Statistical analyses were accomplished using the ANOVA One-Way test, chi square test, and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: Cigarette exposure significantly increased IL-6 levels (control: 8.43 ± 0.88 pg/ml; kretek cigarette: 11.45 ± 1.17 pg/ml; ascorbic acid vape: 11.83 ± 1.56 pg/ml; p = 0.000), the degree of alveolar damage (mean rank control: 6.21; kretek cigarette: 14.17; ascorbic acid vape: 11.64; p = 0.001), and the extent of inflammatory cell distribution (mean rank control: 4.00; kretek cigarette: 15.25; ascorbic acid vape: 12.93; p = 0.012). TNF-α levels increased in the kretek cigarette group, while the alveolar perimeter length increased in the ascorbic acid vape group; however, neither parameter was statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Both kretek cigarette smoke and ascorbic acid-based vape smoke induced pulmonary inflammation and structural changes, with significant effects observed in IL-6 levels and histopathological damage, but not in TNF-α levels or alveolar perimeter length. There is a need for better regulation and increased public awareness about the dangers of smoking.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Changes in TNF-? Levels and Exciting Frequency in Epilepsy Patients Riri Daynuri; Endang Kustiowati; Amin Husni; Retnaningsih Retnaningsih; Herlina Suryawati; Rahmi Ardhini
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.26585

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy, a neurological disorder, is a global public health problem. The active form of vitamin-D is 5000IU/day for 42 days, able to push inflammation and change the balance between inhibitory cytokine and excitatory cytokine, to suppress recurrent seizuresObjective: Analyze the effect of vitamin-D 5000 supplementations on changes in TNF-α levels pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation and changes in the frequency of seizures pre-and post-vitamin-D supplementation in epilepsy patients.Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental analytic observational study with a pre-and-post-tests approach without control. Subjects were patients diagnosed with epilepsy who had met the inclusion criteria. Previous research subjects were checked for TNF-α levels, then given vitamin-D supplementation of 5000IU/day for 42 days, then rechecked TNF-α levels. Then performed a bivariate analysis.Results:  There was a significant difference between changes in TNF-α pre-and-post-levels of vitamin-D supplementation of 5000IU/day for 42 days (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-levels of vitamin D supplementation 5000IU/day for 42 days (p=0.002). There is a significant relationship between (d)TNF-α on (d)the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation 5000IU/day, strongly and positively related (p<0.001; r=0.661). There is no relationship between risk factors with (d)TNF-α. There is no relationship between risk factors with (d)seizure frequency.Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the levels of TNF-α pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation. There is a significant difference between the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation. There is a relationship between (d)TNF-α and (d)the frequency of seizures pre-and-post-vitamin-D supplementation.
Role of Balinese Flute Playing in Enhancing Cognitive Function and Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in the Elderly Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi; Ni Putu Ayu Putri Mahadewi; Lasta Arshinta; Made Sebastian Dwi Putra Hardika; Christine Kathy Putri Sari
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i2.29300

Abstract

Background: Aging is associated with cognitive decline, yet the brain retains adaptive capacity with proper stimulation. Musical activities, including traditional Balinese flute playing, have shown potential in enhancing memory, concentration, and cognitive performance.Objective: This study examined the effect of playing the Balinese flute piece “Morning Happiness” on cognitive improvement in the elderly, as indicated by changes in serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels.Methods: This experimental study was conducted from June to September 2024 among elderly participants (>60 years) with controlled risk factors. Subjects were randomized into an intervention group (n=28) and control group (n=14), with a male-to-female ratio of 3:4. The intervention group played the Balinese flute for 20 minutes daily, while the control group listened to the same music for 10 minutes, three times weekly. Cognitive function was assessed using the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina), and serum BDNF levels were measured before and after the intervention.Results: The intervention group showed a significant improvement in total MoCA-Ina scores (Z = -2.82, p = 0.005), particularly in abstraction (Z = -2.296, p = 0.022) and delayed recall (Z = -3.436, p = 0.026). Serum BDNF levels also increased significantly after the intervention (from 5.46 ± 6.16 to 7.63 ± 10.16; p = 0.033), while no significant changes were observed in the control group.Conclusion: Balinese flute playing enhances cognitive function, especially abstraction and memory recall, and increases serum BDNF, supporting its role as a non-pharmacological strategy to promote cognitive health in the elderly.
Effectiveness of Animated Video on Tooth Brushing Skills of Children with Down Syndrome Lu&#039;lu&#039;a Fadlila Zain; Indah Lestari Vidyahayati; Ira Anggar Kusuma; Tira Hamdillah Skripsa
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v7i1.27151

Abstract

Background: Down syndrome is a congenital disorder caused by chromosome 21 failing to separate during cell division, causing impaired physical and mental development. Children with Down syndrome often have difficulty taking care of themselves, including brushing their teeth.  This can increase the risk of developing dental and oral health problems. Education using animated video media can increase children's attention so that the material presented is easy to understand.  Therefore, animated videos are expected to improve the brushing skills of children with Down syndrome.Objective:  To determine the effectiveness of animated video on tooth brushing skills of children with Down syndrome at 6 Special Schools in Semarang City.Methods:  This study was a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design involving 48 children with Down syndrome at 6 Special Schools in Semarang City as the sample. The sample was divided into two groups, each consisting of 24 children. One group received intervention using animated videos, while the other group received intervention using conventional media (dental phantom).  Assessment of oral hygiene skills was conducted before and after the intervention using observation sheets that had undergone validity and reliability  testing.  Data analysis was performed using  paired  t-test  and independent t-test.Results: The results showed a significant difference in the average tooth brushing skills of children with Down syndrome (p<0.001) between the animated video and dental phantom media groups Conclusion: Oral health intervention using animated video media is effective in improving tooth  brushing skills  of  children with  Down syndrome  at 6  Special Schools  in Semarang City.
Effects of the BPAL Regimen On Hematological Parameters In Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Dwi Retnoningrum; Sustika Novianita Assan; Villa Sekar Cita; Ardhea Jaludamascena
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v7i1.30994

Abstract

Background: BPaL is a new oral drug combination consisting of Bedaquiline (B), Pretomanid (Pa) and Linezolid (L) for multi-drug resistance tuberculosis. In Indonesia BPaL has been officially launched by the government as a therapeutic regimen for multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients since August 2023. One of the drugs in this regimen has the side effect of anemia. Until now, there are still no references explaining the effect of BPaL on the hematological profile.Objective: To determine the differences in the hematological profile of multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients before receiving the multi drug resistance regimen BPaL anti-tuberculosis drug regimen and while receiving the multi drug resistance regimen BPaL anti-tuberculosis drug regimen.Methods: This research was a retrospective observational analytical study with a retrospective cohort design involving patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Kariadi Hospital based on medical records. The difference test used the paired T-test and the Wilcoxon test.Results: 40 subjects were recruited, there were significant differences in hemoglobin level (p=0.003), hematocrit (p=0.002), red blood cells count (p=<0.001), white blood cells count (p=0.004), platelet count (p=<0.001) and RDW (p=<0.001) before therapy with the BPaL regimen and during therapy with the BPaL regimen.Conclusion: There are significant differences in the hematological profile of multidrug resistant patients, before treatment with the BPaL regimen and while receiving the BPaL regimen.

Page 9 of 9 | Total Record : 86

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