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Lalu Masyhudi
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INDONESIA
International Journal of Social Science
Published by bajang Institute
ISSN : 27983463     EISSN : 27984079     DOI : 10.53625
Core Subject : Humanities, Health, Science, Education, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other
"IJSS” for International Journal of Sosial Science, published by Bajang Instiute. Published in two formats, printed version of ISSN:2798-3463 and the online version of ISSN:2798-4079, both of which are published six times in one year. The scope of the journal studies broadly includes: Culture (a unique study of performing arts and classical culture, traditional from various regions in Indonesia, and modern cultural arts such as dance, fine arts, and music art also includes the study of Indonesian literature on classical and contemporary literary issues) Religion (Study of comparative religion, study of pluralism and religious diversity in Indonesia) Media (Cultural studies and media, New Media and Contemporary Societies) Gender (Urban Culture, Gender bias, and gender inequality) Public policy (extractive public policies, distributive public policies, and regulative public policies) Development (economic and social development, urban and regional development) Environment (customs, social and environmental, land and natural resource utilization) Disaster (local wisdom and social culture, disaster management, community empowerment, survival and humanity, disaster and social emergency response organizations) Tourism (ecotourism, tourism management, religious tourism, urban tourism, and cultural tourism) Economics Agriculture Health Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 626 Documents
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A Case Study Of Top Lordotic Chest Radiography Examination In Tuberculosis Cases At The Radiology Installation Of Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital Zalfa Zahirah Indrawiguna; Asih Puji Utami; Sofie Nornalita Dewi
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v6i2.13123

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious global health problem, with Indonesia ranking second worldwide for the highest case burden. Mycobacterium tuberculosis tends to colonize the lung apex; however, standard AP/PA projections present limitations due to clavicle superimposition, which creates a diagnostic blind spot. Current literature recommends an apical lordotic projection with a 15°-20° cephalad angulation, but its application in clinical settings is often adjusted to the patient's condition, resulting in angle variations that have not been scientifically evaluated. This study aims to analyze the 35° top lordotic chest technique and evaluate its diagnostic image value in tuberculosis cases at the Radiology Installation of RSA (Academic Hospital) UGM. Methods: This qualitative descriptive case study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of UGM Academic Hospital from February to May 2026. The subjects consisted of three radiographers and one radiologist, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via observation, semi-structured interviews, and PACS image documentation. The data were analyzed using the interactive model by Miles et al. (2014), encompassing thematic analysis, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, utilizing source triangulation. Results: This technique was applied using an erect true AP position, a central ray of 35° cephalad, a central point at the manubrium sterni, 58 kVp, 8 mAs, and a 150 cm SID. It was utilized as a compensatory method for patients unable to perform an active lordotic position. The resulting images demonstrated bilateral lung apices free of clavicle superimposition, revealing infiltrates, consolidation, and fibrotic lines in the suprahilar, perihilar, and bilateral paracardial regions, suggesting bilateral pneumonia without ruling out TB. The radiologist affirmed that this technique provides clinical added value for the visualization of apical lesions. Conclusion: This technique serves as a rational clinical adaptation to patient limitations and produces images with adequate diagnostic value for evaluating the lung apex. It is recommended as a complementary examination, rather than a replacement for standard PA/AP projections. The definitive confirmation of tuberculosis still necessitates clinical correlation and ancillary tests, such as Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) sputum smears or cultures.  
Pediatric Lopography Radiographic Examination In A Pre-Stoma Closure (Ileostomy) Case At The Radiology Department Of Rsud Dr. Soeselo Of Tegal Regency Hikmatul Insani; Retno Wati; Muhammad Za'im
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v6i2.13124

Abstract

Background: Lopography is a radiographic examination performed to evaluate bowel conditions prior to stoma closure surgery. Previous studies have reported the use of water-soluble contrast media with anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and oblique projections, with contrast administered through the stoma. However, at the Radiology Department of RSUD (Regional General Hospital) dr. Soeselo of Tegal Regency, pediatric lopography for pre-stoma closure (ileostomy) cases is performed using barium contrast media, an AP projection, and contrast administration through both the stoma and anus. This study aims to determine the examination procedure, the rationale for using barium contrast media, and the reason for utilizing only the AP projection. Methods: This study employed a qualitative method with a case study approach conducted at the Radiology Department of RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency, from October 2025 to April 2026. The study subjects consisted of three radiographers and one radiologist. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed narratively through transcription, data reduction, comparison with theoretical references, and conclusion drawing. Results: The lopography examination was performed without special preparation other than cleaning the stoma area and removing metallic objects around the abdomen. Equipment and materials prepared included a CR X-ray unit, radiography computer, image reader, radiographic printer, a 34 × 43 cm cassette, a size 16 catheter, 110 grams of barium sulfate contrast mixed with 890 mL of warm water at a ratio of 1:8, a bowl, a 50 cc syringe, a clamp, markers, adhesive tape, gloves, and gel (jelly). The examination was conducted using an AP projection with the patient in a supine position. Barium contrast was administered gradually through the proximal stoma, distal stoma, and anus. Barium contrast was selected because it provides clearer visualization of the intestinal mucosa and anatomy compared with iodinated contrast media. The use of only the AP projection was considered sufficient to demonstrate the entire anatomy of the large intestine, from the ascending colon to the rectum. Conclusion: Pediatric lopography radiographic examination in pre-stoma closure (ileostomy) cases using an AP projection with barium contrast administered through the stoma and anus provides clear visualization of intestinal anatomy, demonstrates contrast distribution throughout the colon, and assists in evaluating bowel conditions before stoma closure surgery. The use of additional projections and watersoluble contrast media may be considered to complement anatomical information and enhance patient safety.  
Reintegration As A Pillar Of National Resilience: Failed Reintegration As A Strategic Vulnerability Exploited By Non-Traditional Security Threats In Post-Conflict Aceh Satya Adhie Wibowo; Septiar Dwi Putra; Nefra Firdaus; Harri Dolli Hutabarat; Arifuddin Uksan
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v6i2.13126

Abstract

Twenty-one years after the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding, Aceh is routinely presented as one of Southeast Asia's most successful cases of conflict resolution. That reputation, however, rests largely on the completion of disarmament and demobilisation, while the reintegration phase remains structurally unfinished. This article argues that failed reintegration should be conceptualised not as a residual welfare problem but as a strategic vulnerability that non-traditional security actors can exploit. Employing an interpretive case study design operationalised through framework-guided document analysis, the study integrates three analytical lenses: the international DDR framework, Indonesia's national resilience doctrine (Astagatra), and defence management standards, particularly the threat–vulnerability–consequence risk model. Four vulnerability clusters are identified: fiscal-economic failure marked by elite capture and an unresolved beneficiary data deficit; exploitation by transnational criminal networks operating along the Malacca Strait corridor; intergenerational transmission of conflict memory in the absence of completed transitional justice; and political-structural uncertainty arising from the scheduled expiry of Aceh's special autonomy fund in 2027. The analysis suggests that the Aceh case extends the remobilisation literature, and the emerging research on criminal recidivism among ex-combatants, in a direction those literatures have not yet examined: economically remarginalised ex-combatants are absorbed into transnational criminal economies that require no successor armed organisation, a trajectory that conventional DDR success metrics fail to register because it produces no armed conflict data. The article develops an indicative risk matrix ranking the four clusters and derives six cross-institutional early warning indicators. It concludes that reintegration policy functions as an instrument of vulnerability reduction, analytically equivalent in importance to enforcement action against threat actors themselves
Standardization And Phytochemical Testing Of Purple Leaf Simplicia (Graptophyllum Pictum) Farah Aulia Azzahra; Heldi Candra
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v6i2.13167

Abstract

Background: Purple leaf (Graptophyllum pictum) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. To ensure its safety, quality, and efficacy as a herbal raw material, standardization and phytochemical evaluation are essential. Objective: This study aimed to determine the standardization parameters and phytochemical characteristics of purple leaf simplicia. Methods: The study employed qualitative and quantitative approaches. Purple leaves were cultivated, harvested, processed into simplicia powder, and extracted using the maceration and Soxhlet methods with 96% ethanol. Standardization included moisture content, drying loss, total ash, water-soluble extractive value, ethanol-soluble extractive value, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The cultivation process produced 9 g of simplicia powder. The moisture content, drying loss, total ash, water-soluble extractive value, and ethanol-soluble extractive value were 47.3%, 27.6%, 21.7%, 0.227 g, and 10 g, respectively. Soxhlet extraction yielded 20 mL of concentrated extract. Thin-layer chromatography analysis under UV 254 nm produced Rf values of 0.625, 0.750, and 0.8125, indicating the presence of phytochemical constituents in the extract. Conclusion: Purple leaf simplicia can be successfully standardized using physicochemical parameters and TLC analysis. The findings provide baseline information for quality control and support the utilization of Graptophyllum pictum as a potential raw material for herbal medicine development
Standardization And Phytochemical Test Of Red Betel Leaf Simplicia (Pipper Ornatum) Riza Vetisari; Heldi Candra
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v6i2.13168

Abstract

Red betel (Piper ornatum) is a medicinal plant widely utilized in traditional medicine because of its potential pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to standardize red betel leaf simplicia and evaluate its phytochemical characteristics to determine its quality as a raw material for herbal medicinal products. An experimental laboratory study was conducted using red betel leaves processed into simplicia through harvesting, wet sorting, washing, drying, and grinding. Ethanolic extracts were prepared using maceration followed by Soxhlet extraction. Standardization was performed by evaluating non-specific parameters, including moisture content, drying loss, ash content, water-soluble extractive value, and ethanol-soluble extractive value. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and qualitative phytochemical screening were employed to identify the presence of major secondary metabolites. The results showed that several quality parameters complied with the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia standards, while the moisture content and drying loss exceeded the recommended limits, indicating that the drying process requires further optimization. TLC analysis successfully produced characteristic chromatographic profiles, confirming the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract. These findings suggest that red betel leaf possesses considerable potential as a source of herbal medicine; however, improvements in post-harvest handling and drying techniques are essential to produce standardized simplicia with consistent quality and safety
Preparation Of Simplicia And Testsspecific And Non-Specific Parameters Of Celery Mustard (Cyanthilium Cinereum) Imalia Tiranda; Heldi Candra
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v6i2.13169

Abstract

Sky mustard (Cyanthillium cinereum) is a medicinal plant that has long been used in traditional medicine because of its potential pharmacological properties attributed to its bioactive secondary metabolites. Standardization of simplicia is essential to ensure the quality, safety, and consistency of herbal raw materials prior to their utilization in pharmaceutical preparations. This study aimed to prepare sky mustard simplicia and evaluate its specific and non-specific quality parameters as well as its phytochemical characteristics. A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted using sky mustard leaves processed into simplicia through harvesting, wet sorting, washing, drying, grinding, and storage. Ethanolic extracts were prepared using maceration followed by Soxhlet extraction. Quality evaluation included determination of moisture content, drying loss, total ash content, water-soluble extractive value, ethanol-soluble extractive value, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The results demonstrated that the water-soluble extractive value (19.1%) and ethanol-soluble extractive value (6%) met the requirements of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. However, the moisture content (18%), drying loss (42%), and total ash content (20%) exceeded the recommended standards, indicating that improvements in the drying and post-harvest handling processes are required. Thin-layer chromatography revealed characteristic chromatographic profiles with Rf values of 0.7125, 0.8150, and 0.9625, confirming the presence of bioactive constituents. These findings indicate that Cyanthillium cinereum has promising potential as a herbal medicinal material, although optimization of simplicia preparation and standardization procedures is necessary to obtain consistent quality and comply with pharmacopoeial standards

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