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Marcellino Rudyanto
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marcellino-r@ff.unair.ac.id
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bikfar@ff.unair.ac.id
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Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya-60115, East Java, Indonesia
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Kota surabaya,
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INDONESIA
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 23028270     EISSN : 28081048     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikfar.v8i2.31763
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology
to facilitate interaction, discussion, and updating of research ideas in the fields of pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Development, Organic synthesis, Analytical chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nutraceutical / functional foods.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Farmakologi
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December" : 5 Documents clear
DETEKSI CEMARAN BAKTERI Escherichia coli PADA JAMU KUNYIT TEMULAWAK YANG DIJUAL DI KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA DENGAN METODE MPN (Most Probable Number): Deteksi Cemaran Bakteri Escherichia Coli pada Jamu Kunyit Temulawak yang Dijual Di Kecamatan Singaparna Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dengan Metode MPN (Most Probable Number) Aqil, Azril Haeruman; Fadilah, Nitya Nurul; Susanti, Susanti
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.71901

Abstract

One type of traditional herbal medicine that is widely consumed by the public is turmeric-javanese ginger erbal medicine, which is considered to have many health benefits, such as increasing appetite and curing digestive problems. However, unhygienic processing can cause microbial contamination, one of which is Escherichia coli bacteria which has the potential to cause diarrhea. Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) method, this study aims to evaluate the presence and level of Escherichia coli contamination in turmeric-javanese ginger herbal medicine sold in the Singaparna District area. There are 10 herbal medicine sellers who use plastic bottle packaging to collect samples. The prediction test with LB media, the confirmation test with BGLB media, and the complementary test with EMBA media were carried out simultaneously and the Gram staining test of bacteria was carried out. The results showed that most of the samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli with MPN values ​​ranging from 3.6 to 150 MPN/mL, exceeding the threshold of SNI 7388 Year 2009 (<3 MPN/mL). Gram staining confirmed that the bacteria were Gram-negative in the form of bacilli. These findings indicate the need for improved hygiene and sanitation in the process of making herbal medicine to ensure consumer safety.   Keywords: Contamination, Escherichia coli, Jamu Kunyit Temulawak, MPN
Biosintesis Bimetallic Nanoparticles Ag-ZnO Menggunakan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Salak (Salacca zalacca): Biosintesis Bimetallic Nanoparticles Ag-ZnO menggunakan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Salak (Salacca zalacca) Tsabitatun Ni'mah; Aisy Prita Syafina; Ary Madina; Gilas Pandu Nur Fakhri; Wasito, Hendri
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.74513

Abstract

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs), specifically the silver-zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) complex, are highly interested due to their superior optical, catalytic, and biological properties compared to monometallic nanoparticles (MNPs). The biosynthesis of nanoparticles is gaining popularity because it is cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. Plant extracts, such as those from the peel of the snake fruit (Salacca zalacca), contain secondary metabolites that serve as bioreductants for metal precursors, facilitating the production of nanoparticles in various sizes and shapes. This research aims to biosynthesize and characterize Ag-ZnO-BNPs using ethanol extract from snake fruit bark as a bioreductant. The synthesized Ag-ZnO-BNPs were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results indicate that the Ag-ZnO-BNPs exhibit a maximum wavelength of 300 nm, an average particle size of 89.74 nm, a spherical shape, and the presence of polyphenol and carbonyl groups serving as bioreductants demonstrating their role in the formation of nanomaterials.   Keywords: Bimetallic nanoparticles, Ag-ZnO, Snake fruit, Salacca zalacca
Development of Blush On Powder Formulation using Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris L.) as Natural Colorant: Pengembangan Formulasi Blush On Powder menggunakan Ekstrak Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai Pewarna Alami Feronika Evma Rahayu; Evi Sri Maulidi Risalah; Aluwi Nirwanasari; Ing Mayfa Situmorang; Feri Setiadi
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.75812

Abstract

Research on the development of natural dyes using beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has been investigated. Beetroot extract was obtained using the maceration method and then characterized through phytochemical screening tests, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), and XRD (X-ray Diffraction). The extract was developed as an active ingredient in a blush on powder formulation. The formulation was evaluated through organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, and spreadability tests, as well as stability testing using the freeze and thaw method. The results showed that the beetroot extract yield was 4.64%, containing secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, with an Rf value of 0.54, the presence of chemical structures in the form of O-H, C-H, C-H, and R-CH=CH-R, and an amorphous form. Formulation was carried out by varying the beetroot extract to F1 (2%), F2 (5%), and F3 (8%) and control F0. Based on organoleptic testing, the formulations showed light brown color for F1, brown for F2, and dark brown for F3, homogeneous, pH in the range of 6.56-6.94, and spreading power in the range of 5-7 cm. The stability test showed a normality test >0.05, indicating that the formulation was normally distributed. The homogeneity test >0.05 showed no significant differences between the formulations. The one-way ANOVA test p<0.05 showed that the formulation had an effect on the pH value, while the post hoc Tukey HSD test p<0.05 showed no significant differences between the formulations.   Keywords: Beetroot, TLC, FT-IR, XRD, Blush On, Natural Colorant
Peran Strategis Bakteria pada Bioremediasi Limbah Industri Farmasi di Perairan Putri Dinatul M; Naura Tahta R; Danish Aulia S.N; Nawal Karina B; Intan Shofiyyatul L; Isnaeni, Isnaeni
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.76248

Abstract

Bioremediation is an environmental restoration technique that uses microorganisms to decompose hazardous waste, including pharmaceutical industry waste which pollutes waters. This waste contains complex compounds such as antibiotics and other chemicals that are difficult to decompose using conventional methods, and can disrupt water ecosystems. This article evaluates and discusses the effectiveness of bacteria in decomposing pharmaceutical industry waste and improving water quality.  The steps of bioremediation consisted of (1) isolation and selection of bacteria from polluted environments to obtain superior strains such as Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Paraburkholderia xenovorans; (2) test the degradation ability of pharmaceutical compounds in the laboratory by adding bacteria to liquid media containing test compounds such as antibiotics and antiepileptics; (3) testing environmental conditions (pH, temperature, and oxygen availability) to find optimal conditions; and (4) application of bioremediation on a field scale by monitoring water quality based on chemical parameters (COD, BOD, and concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds) as well as biological parameters. Pseudomonas sp. degraded up to 80% of antibiotics within 7 days, while Bacillus sp. effectively reduces antiepileptic drug concentrations by up to 75% in 10 days. The combination of several bacterial species increases the effectiveness of degradation. Microbiological testing showed an increase in bacterial population diversity and density at treated sites, indicating restoration of the aquatic ecosystem.  It can be concluded that the strategic roele of bacteria in the bioremediation of pharmaceutical industrial waste in waters has proven to be effective and can be a sustainable solution for maintaining environmental quality. Implementation of this method requires optimal environmental conditions so that the degradation process takes place optimally and negative impacts on the ecosystem can be minimized.   Keywords: Bioremediation, Bacteria, Industrial Waste, Aquatic
Distilasi Uap untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Minyak Kelapa Sawit (CPO) sebagai Upaya Menghasilkan Pembawa Sediaan Farmasi Angelina Margaretha Ardiani; Isadiartuti, Dewi; Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah; Purnami, Nyilo
Berkala Ilmiah Kimia Farmasi Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikfar.v12i2.80965

Abstract

Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producer. In the pharmaceutical sector, palm oil has the potential to be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Indonesian palm oil, which accounts for 58% of world production, has potential as a pharmaceutical excipient due to its fatty acid content and vitamin E, which have antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, before being used as a carrier for pharmaceutical preparations, palm oil needs to meet SNI standards (specific gravity, water content, free fatty acids) and the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia (peroxide value, iodine value, refractive index). This study aims to purify CPO through two cycles of steam distillation and test the physicochemical parameters before and after the distillation process with One-Way ANOVA analysis at α = 0.05. Palm oil (CPO) was distilled at a temperature of 95 ± 0.5 °C for 4.5 hours. The palm oil that had been distilled twice was evaluated for oil quality. Research data shows that two-cycle distillation significantly reduces specific gravity, water content, free fatty acids, peroxide value, and iodine value. However, the resulting palm oil does not yet meet the requirements for pharmaceutical excipients. Steam distillation has been shown to improve CPO quality, but further processing, combined with other physical methods, is required to produce oil that meets pharmaceutical carrier standards.   Keywords: Pharmaceutical Excipient, Palm Oil, Distillation, Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Free Fatty Acid

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