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Ahmad Izzuddin
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Gedung Dekanat Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Walisongo Semarang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Tambakaji, Kec. Ngaliyan, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50185
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Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 27751236     EISSN : 27752119     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21580/al-hilal
Core Subject : Religion, Science, Social,
Religion Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Physics Social Sciences
Al-Hilal Journal is a scientific journal published in April and October per year by the Islamic Astronomy at the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo, Semarang colaboration with Asosisasi Dosen Falak Indonesia (ADFI). Articles published in this journal are the results of empirical research in Islamic Astronomy (such as qibla, salat times, Islamic Calendar, Eclipse and others), and its approaching on other area studies (mathematics, physics, astrophysics, social, politics, anthropology, ethnography and others). This journal has specifications as a medium of publication and communication of Islamic Astronomy ideas derived from theoretical and analytical studies, as well as research results in the field of both natural and social science. The editor hopes that writers, researchers and legal experts will contribute in this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)" : 8 Documents clear
Integrating Astronomical Observations and Islamic Law: The Case of Sunrise and the Ishrāq Prayer Time Riza, Muhammad Himmatur; Sabiq, Fairuz; Ardliansyah, Moelki Fahmi; Muflihun, Muhammad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.27963

Abstract

This study discusses determining the initial time for the Ishrāq prayer based on a combination of classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and contemporary astronomical approaches. Traditionally, the time for Ishrāq is associated with the sun having risen to the height of one spear-length after sunrise, yet no standardized astronomical measurement exists for this term. This research employs a multidisciplinary qualitative method, utilizing library research, analysis of fiqh-based evidence, and astronomical calculation simulations (ḥisāb). The findings show that one spear-length can be converted to a solar altitude of approximately 3°30’ to 5°, or around 10–20 minutes after shurūq (sunrise). A case study conducted in Surakarta indicates that the ideal time for Ishrāq prayer on July 20, 2025, is 06:10 AM (GMT +7). In conclusion, determining the time of Ishrāq requires an astronomically-based formula aligned with shar‘i principles and standardization in digital applications to ensure valid and accurate worship.
Qibla Direction Determination in Historical Mosques: Methodological and Accuracy Assessment at Al-Anwar Grand Mosque, Bandar Lampung Khairunnisa, Ariba; Muhammad Adam; Rivaldi, Muhammad Haikal; Zain, Muhammad Fajri Kholili
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28139

Abstract

Qibla direction in mosques, historically, was determined using simple methods and traditional tools, resulting in relatively low accuracy. This study aims to analyze the methods and precision of Qibla direction at Jami’ Al-Anwar Mosque, Bandar Lampung, using a qualitative field approach supported by modern instruments. The findings indicate that the true Qibla direction is 295° 18′ 25.82″, while the mosque’s current orientation measured with a theodolite is 295° 12′ 10″ and with a mizwala instrument is 295° 12′ 13.82″. The difference of only 0° 6′ 15.82″ classifies the mosque’s Qibla as accurate according to deviation tolerance theory. Contributing factors include the use of an istiwā’ stick to determine cardinal directions, advances in scientific knowledge, and religious motivations to ensure precision. These results highlight the significance of combining traditional techniques and modern technology to maintain the accuracy of Qibla orientation in historic mosques.
Negotiating the New Moon: Social Media and the Dynamics of Hijri Calendar Determination among Muslims Fauzi, Ahmad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28554

Abstract

Social media has become a primary platform for Muslims to access religious information, including the determination of the Hijri month, which is central to worship such as Ramadan fasting, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. This study explores how social media shapes understandings and debates regarding the ḥisāb and rukyat methods for marking the start of the Hijri month. Using a netnographic approach, data were collected from various platforms and analyzed through content analysis to identify dominant narratives, information patterns, and forms of debate in the digital sphere. Findings reveal three modes of understanding: academic-scientific (based on astronomical data and ḥisāb), normative-textual (rooted in classical arguments and religious authority), and popular (driven by public opinion, humor, and satire). Debates are fragmented into scientific-argumentative, emotional-narrative, and humorous-satirical forms, shaped by authoritative, semi-authoritative, and lay actors. The study concludes that social media plays a dual role: enhancing digital literacy in Islamic astronomy while simultaneously intensifying discourse polarization, highlighting the need for inclusive religious communication strategies.
Dynamics of the Neo-MABIMS Criteria in Determining the Beginning of the Hijri Month in Indonesia (1443–1446 H) Wahyuningsih, Yuniar; Firdiansyah, Ahmad Roihan
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28379

Abstract

This study explores the ongoing variations in determining the beginning of the Hijri month in Indonesia, despite the official adoption of the Neo-MABIMS criteria by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research outlines and deductively analyzes data related to formulating and implementing these criteria. The findings reveal two key points: first, discrepancies persist in determining the beginning of the Hijri month. Since implementing the Neo-MABIMS criteria up to Jumada al-Awwal 1446 H, two months, Jumada al-Akhirah 1445 H, and Muharram 1446 H, have produced different outcomes. Second, even when identical criteria are applied, differences in methodological approaches may lead to either divergent or convergent results. This study recommends future research involving expert interviews to strengthen analytical depth and include updated observational data on Hijri month determination to enhance the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the findings.
Critical Analysis and Reformulation of the Qibla Deviation Formula in the Book of Mekanika Benda Langit Luthfi, Muhammad; Fajri, M. Nur Iskandar; Reza, Izam Bahtiar; Aziz, M Abdul
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28219

Abstract

The calculation of Qibla deviation using the formula presented in the Mekanika Benda Langit book has become widely adopted and frequently cited in academic studies. However, this method still produces noticeable inaccuracies. This research aims to identify the causes of error in the Qibla deviation formula described in the Mekanika Benda Langit book and to reformulate a more accurate method for determining the Qibla direction. The study employed a literature-based qualitative design, with data obtained through documentation and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical methods within a multidisciplinary approach. The findings reveal that the inaccuracy arises from the formula's reliance on the ratio between an arc and a flat circle, making it valid only for short distances (up to 2,000 km). A reformulation using spherical trigonometry provides higher precision and consistency across all distances and longitudinal variations. This new formulation significantly improves the accuracy of Qibla deviation calculations compared to the original method in Mekanika Benda Langit book.
Verification of Hilāl Image Using AI-Based Web Tool in Aceh Jaya Walhidayah, Ravik; Ismail, Ismail
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28809

Abstract

The determination of Hijri month beginnings is frequently disputed, particularly due to the subjective nature of the ru’yah (visual sighting) method, which is affected by observer bias and atmospheric variability. This study addresses a contested hilāl sighting in Aceh Jaya for Zulhijjah 1, 1446, where a photograph led to uncertainty in official determination. To mitigate misinterpretation, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based public website utilizing Google’s Teachable Machine was developed and tested. Descriptive analysis was conducted on two disputed photographic samples from the event. The AI model, trained for crescent (hilāl) image classification, consistently identified both samples as non-hilāl with a confidence exceeding 97%. The findings indicate the images were likely artifacts or noise rather than genuine crescent sightings. The research demonstrates that AI platforms provide reliable, objective support in hilāl verification, enhancing the standardization and credibility of Hijri calendar determinations for religious and scientific authorities.
Revitalizing Traditional Astronomical Instruments: Developing a Local Dial Model for Accurate Prayer Time Determination Sartika, Sartika; Salam, Hisbullah; Mansyur, Fakhruddin; M, Nurhidaya
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28952

Abstract

This study addresses the limitations of contemporary prayer time instruments, which often require complex calculations, electricity, internet connectivity, or direct exposure to sunlight, by developing a practical, local dial–based tool for community use. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach, data were collected through observation and documentation and analyzed using descriptive and comparative methods. The device integrates calculations from the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs, including altitude corrections for Maghrib, Isha, and Fajr, processed through VBA in Microsoft Excel using astronomical formulas from Jean Meeus’s Astronomical Algorithms. The instrument comprises a dial field, support field, tripod, thread, spirit level, minute-scale ruler, and stick, with the dial incorporating an analog prayer-time circle, an ‘Asr curve, and a Zuhr line. Comparative testing against the official prayer schedule demonstrates high accuracy with only a one-minute deviation. Designed for long-term use, the device remains valid for 50 years from 2023 and is applicable within a 27.5 km radius of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.
Global Qibla Direction Using Stellar Transit at Kaaba Latitude Fathurrahman, Fathurrahman; Fuscha, Fika Afhamul
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.29012

Abstract

The global rashd al-qiblah is currently considered the most accurate and easily applicable method for measuring the qibla direction, as it utilizes the sun’s shadow during its transit above the Kaaba. Unfortunately, this event occurs only twice a year, and the sun's disk diameter of 0.5° reduces the accuracy of the method. The global rashd al-qiblah method, which utilizes stars with declinations equal to the latitude of the Kaaba, with its higher annual frequency and point-sized stellar disks, is more effective to use. This study employs a library research method with a qualitative and multidisciplinary approach, integrating both religious science and natural science. This study aims to develop an alternative method for determining the global qibla direction using stellar transit. Thirty-two stars can be utilized for the worldwide star rashd al-qiblah method, each usable for measurements over approximately 177.41 days. This means the global rashd al-qiblah method can be applied approximately 2,838 times across multiple countries within one year.

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