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Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram
ISSN : 26850176     EISSN : 27220176     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20414/afaq.v3i2
Core Subject : Science, Social,
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Jurnal Al-Afaq merupakan jurnal yang dibentuk oleh Prodi Ilmu Falak Fakultas Syariah Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Mataram. Jurnal ini membahas keilmuan Ilmu Falak terkait kajian arah kiblat, Hisab dan Rukyah awal Bulan Hijriah, Kalender Dunia dan Fenomena Gerhana. Selain itu, jurnal Al-Afaq juga membahas kaitan antara fenomena astronomi umum dengan kajian ilmu falak.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 191 Documents
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ILMU FALAK (Dimensi Kajian Filsafat Ilmu) Mujab, Sayful; Nasir, M. Rifa Jamaludin
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v2i2.2915

Abstract

Artikel ini membahas bagaimana Ilmu Falak diulas dalam filsafat ilmu. Data penelitian digali dari berbagai literatur ilmiah dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi Ilmu Falak menjadi kajian penting bagi eksistensi Ilmu Falak sebagai ilmu yang mapan dalam dunia ilmu. This article discusses how Ilmu Falak is reviewed in the philosophy of science. The research data were extracted from various scientific literature and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology of Ilmu Falak became an important study for the existence of Ilmu Falak as a science that is well established in the world of science.
Penentuan Awal Waktu Salat (Awal Waktu Salat Asar, Magrib, dan Isya Berdasarkan Hadis Nabi) Qomariyah, Nur
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v2i2.2918

Abstract

This study departs from the issue of differences of opinion in determining the beginning of the time of the traditional prayer, sunset and evening among Muslim scholars. Some scholars say that the beginning of the Prayer time is when the shadow of the object is the same as the object itself. Some other scholars claim that the beginning of the time of Asar Prayer is when the shadow of the object is longer than the object. Whereas in determining the beginning of the evening prayer times there is no difference except in determining the end of the prayer times. Determining the beginning of the evening prayer time there is no difference but in determining the end of the prayer. Factually, in Indonesia there is now widespread dissent and correction of the beginning of the evening prayer in terms of the position of the sun below the horizon (whether 18 ° or 11.1 °). It should be noted that the initial determinations of the time of the prayer would not have been effective when confronted with the problem of high latitudes of Muslims (circumpolar region ), such as the North and South Poles. Considering that prayer is a vital worship for Muslims, a study is needed from original sources, namely the Koran and al-Hadith to mediate differences of opinion which are then implicated in society. The belief that there is a wisdom hidden from the differences in the initial determination of this prayer will lead us to a way out that will be proven slowly by the Koran and al-Hadith. Penelitian ini berangkat dari persoalan mengenai perbedaan pendapat dalam menentukan awal waktu salat asar, magrib, dan isya dikalangan para ulama muslim. Sebagian ulama mengatakan bahwa awal waktu salat asar adalah ketika bayang-bayang benda sama dengan benda itu sendiri. Sedangkan ulama yang lain mengklaim bahwa awal waktu salat asar yaitu ketika bayang-bayang benda lebih panjang dari benda tersebut. Dalam menentukan awal waktu salat magrib tidak ada perbedaan kecuali penentuan akhir waktu salatnya. Begitu pula dalam menentukan awal waktu salat isya tidak ada perbedaan kecuali pada penentuan akhir salatnya. Faktanya, di Indonesia kini marak perbedaan pendapat dan pengkoreksian terhadap awal waktu salat isya ditinjau dari posisi matahari dibawah ufuk (apakah 18° atau 11,1°). Perlu diketahui bahwa penentuan-penentuan awal waktu salat tersebut kiranya tidak akan berjalan efektif ketika dihadapkan dalan persoalan lintang tempat umat Islam yang tinggi (daerah sikumpolar) seperti di Kutub Utara dan Kutub Selatan. Mengingat salat adalah ibadah yang vital bagi umat Islam, maka diperlukanlah sebuah penelitian dari sumber asli, yaitu al-Qur?n dan al-Had?s untuk menengahi perbedaan pendapat tersebut yang kemudian diimplikasikan dalam masyarakat. Keyakinan adanya sebuah hikmah yang tersembunyi dari perbedaan-perbedaan penentuan awal waktu salat ini akan menunutun kita kepada jalan keluar yang akan dibuktikan secara perlahan-lahan oleh al-Qur?n dan al-Had?s.
Pandangan Tokoh Agama Terhadap Tingkat Akurasi Arah Kiblat Masjid-Masjid Se-Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat Menggunakan Istiwaaini Shalihah, Khalifatus
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v2i2.2919

Abstract

Qibla direction is a very important thing for Muslims, especially when they are going to pray. Facing the Qibla is a legitimate requirement in prayer. Thus the researchers carried out this study which aimed to determine the accuracy of the Qibla direction of the mosques in Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency and to find out how the religious figure responses to the level of Qibla direction of mosques in Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency Using Istiwaaini. This research is a type of field research with qualitative methods. There are 9 mosques that were became the object of this research. Overall the mosques in Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency are have an inaccurate Qibla direction. The deviation of the inaccurate qibla direction varies between 1° - 21°. Arah kiblat merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi umat Islam, khususnya ketika hendak melakukan ibadah shalat. Menghadap kiblat merupakan syarat sah dalam shalat. Dengan demikian peneliti melaksanakan penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat akurasi arah kiblat masjid-masjid se-Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana respon atau pandangan tokoh agama terhadap tingkat akurasi arah kiblat masjid-masjid se-Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat Menggunakan Istiwaaini. Penelitian ini berjenis field research dengan metode kualitatif. Secara keseluruhan, 9 masjid di Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat yang menjadi objek penelitian ini mengalami kemelencengan arah kiblat. Kemelencengan arah kiblat tersebut bervariasi antara 1°- 21°.
Tinjauan Astronomis Penetuan Awal Tahun Kalender Rowot Sasak Berdasarkan Kemunculan Bintang Pleiades Kohar, Abdul; Taufikurrahman, Arief
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v2i2.2920

Abstract

The appearance of the Pleiades or Rowot (sasak) stars at dawn in the northeast horizon serves as a marker for the beginning of the year. Determination of its appearance based on urfi reckoning with methods 5-15-25 synchronized with the lunar calendar and appeared in May synchronized with the solar calendar. The author is interested in studying the patterns 5-15-25 as determining the appearance of rowot / pleiades stars at dawn which has become a habit of observing them and the main configuration in the preparation of the Rowot Sasak calendar. Proving the pattern in the long run requires astronomy as its parameter. Based on this background, the authors formulate the problem. How to determine the beginning of the year in the Rowot Sasak calendar system? How is the determination of the beginning of the calendar year rowot sasak reviewed in an Astronomy perspective? This research is a field research (Field Research) with rowot sasak calendar and the results of interviews with competent experts as primary data. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative, by describing the determination of the beginning of the year in the rowot sasak calendar based on the appearance of the Pleiades star then analyzed by the method of determining the appearance of stars astronomically. The results of this study are firstly, the 5-15-25 pattern or coincides in May as a reference in determining the appearance of rowot / Pleiades stars using traditional reckoning sourced from observations over the long term of the Sasak ancestors. Determination of the beginning of the year based on the appearance of rowot / Pleiades stars is used to mark the season or the first month of sasak calendar. Second, astronomically with epoch j2000, rowot / Pleiades stars have 3h48m28.6s right ascension and declination + 24d06m19s results in rowot / Pleiades stars not being observed at the beginning of the dawn of May as previously practiced, but with astronomical data the rowot / Pleiades star can observed starting around 7 June at 05.30 already above the northeastern horizon. Kemunculan bintang Pleiades atau Rowot (sasak) pada waktu subuh di ufuk timur laut dijadikan sebagai penanda awal tahun. Penentuan kemunculannya berdasarkan hisab urfi dengan pola 5-15-25 disinkronkan dengan kalender hijriah dan muncul pada bulan Mei disinkronkan dengan kalender masehi. Penulis tertarik mengkaji pola 5-15-25 sebagai penentuan kemunculan bintang rowot/pleiades pada waktu subuh yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan mengamatinya dan konfigurasi utama dalam penyusunan kalender Rowot Sasak. Pembuktian pola tersebut dalam jangka waktu panjang membutuhkan ilmu astronomi sebagai parameternya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, penulis merumuskan masalahnya. Bagaimana penentuan awal tahun dalam sistem penanggalan rowot sasak? Bagaimana penentuan awal tahun kalender rowot sasak ditinjau dalam perspektif Astronomi? Penelitian ini bersifat lapangan (Field Research) dengan kalender rowot sasak dan hasil wawancara dengan ahli yang berkompeten sebagai data primer. Analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan mendeskripsikan penentuan awal tahun dalam kalender rowot sasak berdasarkan kemunculan bintang Pleiades kemudian dianalisis dengan metode penentuan kemunculan bintang secara astronomi. Temuan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah pertama, pola 5-15-25 atau bertepatan pada bulan Mei sebagai acuan dalam menentukan kemunculan bintang rowot /Pleiades menggunakan hisab yang tradisional bersumber dari hasil pengamatan dalam jangka waktu panjang nenek moyang bangsa sasak. Penentuan awal tahun berdasarkan kemunculan bintang rowot/Pleiades digunakan untuk penanda musim atau bulan pertama penanggalan sasak. Kedua, secara astronomi dengan epoch j2000, bintang rowot/Pleiades memiliki aksensiorekta 3h48m28.6s dan deklinasi +24d06m19s mengakibatkan bintang rowot/Pleiades tidak dapat diamati pada awal kemunculannya waktu subuh bulan Mei sebagaimana sebelumnya dipraktikkan, namun dengan data astronomi tersebut bintang rowot/Pleiades dapat diamati dimulai sekitar tanggal 7 juni pada pukul 05.30 sudah diatas ufuk timur laut.
Problematika Awal Waktu Shubuh antara Fiqih dan Astronomi Ardi, Unggul Suryo
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v2i2.2921

Abstract

The issue of astronomical twilight as a sign of the time the early entry of the morning prayer, is inseparable from the problems between the perspective of fiqh and the perspective of astronomy. Astronomical twilight which is a benchmark as an early marker of Shubuh prayer, must be confronted with the dawn of the kazib which is a false twilight. This concern arises because if there is a slight mistake in distinguishing it, then it is not valid to pray a Muslim's body because it is not yet in time. On the other hand the relevance of the concept of the astronomical twilight in the perspectives of fiqh and astronomy sometimes clash. The result can cause confusion for ordinary people who do not understand that science. This is based on differences in the height of the sun. In its application, there are those who use the criteria -18o to -13o as the sun height value, but some use -19o and -20o. This is caused by several factors, namely natural factors, height of the place, weather conditions, air and light pollution, as well as factors that arise from the tool or the person observing it. Of the many factors, the greatest influence on differences in sun height criteria is the height of the place. Problematika fajar sebagai tanda waktu masuknya awal shalat Shubuh, tidak lepas dari persoalan antara prespektif fiqih dan prespektif astronomi. Fajar sadik yang merupakan patokan sebagai penanda awal waktu shalat subuh, harus dihadapkan dengan adanya fajar kazib yang merupakan fajar palsu. Kehawatiran ini muncul karena jika salah sedikit saja dalam membedakanya, maka tidak sah shalat shubuh seorang muslim karena belum masuk waktunya. Di sisi lain relevansi konsep fajar sadik dalam prespektif fiqih dan astronomi terkadang berbenturan. Akibatnya dapat menimbulkan kebingungan bagi masyarakat awam yang tidak memahami ilmu tersebut. Hal ini didasari karena adanya perbedaan terkait ketinggian matahari. Dalam penerapanya, ada yang menggunakan kriteria -18o sampai -13o sebagai nilai ketinggian Mataharinya, namun ada pula yang menggunakan -19o dan -20o. Hal ini di sebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktor alam, tinggi tempat, kondisi cuaca, polusi udara dan cahaya, maupun faktor yang muncul dari alat maupun orang yang mengobservasinya. Dari sekian banyak faktor, yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap perbedaan kriteria ketinggian matahari ini adalah ketinggian tempat.
Komparasi Arah Kiblat: Masjid Kuno Songak dan Majis Kuno Bayan di Lombok Utami, Tri Pangestu; Awaludin, Muhammad
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v3i1.3571

Abstract

The Songak ancient mosque and the Bayan ancient mosque are two historic ancient mosques on Lombok island. The two mosques are also witnesses to the history of the spread of Islam in Lombok, so the two mosques are still being maintained and preserved to this day. Besides being a place of worship, the mosques also serve as a place to celebrate Islamic holidays and the culture of the local community. Therefore, it is very important to check the Qibla direction of the two ancient mosques, because one of the conditions for a valid prayer is facing the Qibla. This study produces data that there is a deviation from the Qibla direction in the two historic ancient mosques. The Bayan ancient mosque is considered to have a smaller deviation than the Songak ancient mosque.   Masjid kuno Songak dan masjid kuno Bayan merupakan dua masjid kuno bersejarah di pulau lombok. Masjid tersebut juga merupakan saksi sejarah penyebaran islam di lombok, sehingga kedua masjid tersebut masih terus dipelihara dan dipertahanan hingga saat ini. Selain sebagai tempat ibadah, kedua masjid tersebut juga dijadikan sebagai tempat perayaan hari besar islam dan kebudayaan masyarakat setempat. Oleh karena itu slot deposit 5000, pengecekan arah kiblat kedua masjid kuno tersebut sangat penting untuk dilakukan, sebab salah satu syarat sah sholat adalah menghadap kiblat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan data bahwa adanya kemelencengan arah kiblat pada kedua masjid kuno bersejarah tersebut. Masjid kuno Bayan dianggap memiliki kemelencengan yang lebih kecil dibanding dengan masjid kuno Songak.
Implementasi Taqwim Standar Indonesia sebagai Pemersatu Kalender Masyarakat Indonesia Adam Firmansyah Ahmad; Fatmawati, Azizah; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i2.4166

Abstract

Indonesia is famous for its diversity ranging from culture, religion, ethnicity and others. Including the calendar system owned by each tribe or local community. In Indonesia itself for the calendar calendar system that is known in general, namely the Samsiyah calendar system (AD) and the Qomariyah year (Hijri). Almost every tribe or community in every region in Indonesia has their own local calendar or calendar according to their beliefs. Due to the existence of these various calendars, the Government is trying to unify these various types of calendars through the Indonesian Standard Taqwin, where the method or criteria used are the Imkan al-Rukyat criteria or the Visibility of the Hilal MABIMS. Although there is no obligation to comply with one regulation, namely regarding the use of one main calendar, this effort is intended to harmonize the use of calendars in Indonesia.
Unifikasi Kalender Hijriah Nasional Menurut Perspektif Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama Husna, Amirah Himayah
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4169

Abstract

Abstract Basically, this research comes from the arrangement for beginning of the month to come up diversity in establishment. This problem can’t be separated with its historical thinking deveploment of Islam that surrrounded by various ideology this then made many differences. In fact, these differences happened in Indonesia, especially Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama (NU). There are organizations that use hisab method and there are others that use ru’yah method in deciding the beginning of month. The problematic between hisab and ru’yah is always viral and even able to make muslims fight with each other because each of these organizations in the society are claim the truth. This is because, there is no agreement related to it. To realize the unity of the determination of the beginning of the month there must be one madzhab that becomes the authority, as in the rule of  "the decision of the judge (State) to erase differences". The relevance of the unification of the Islamic calender can be seen from point of view from two organization and can be done through astronomy expert in Indonesia based on the authority of the Ministry of Religion of The Republic of Indonesia for take the policy on this problematic. Keywords: The Arrangement, The Different, Muhammadiyah, NU, Islamic Calender, The Unification
Analisa Pergeseran Kalender Gregorian Menjadi Kalender Dunia Sari, Indah Puspita; Siti Tatmainul Qulub
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4172

Abstract

The Julius calendar or also known as the Old Style calendar is a calendar pioneered by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman republican calendar. The Julian calendar was formed at the time of knowing a difference of about 3 months in the calendar that was in effect at that time, namely the Ancient Roman Calendar which had been replaced long ago. The Ancient Roman calendar set the length of a year at only 365 days, ignoring the remaining days of the actual solar year. This is known when the day of the harvest season coincided with a holiday among the Romans which actually fell in summer but occurred in winter, where the number of days in the Roman year was shorter than the number of days in the solar year. Therefore, Julius Caesar and assisted by a Greek astronomer named Sosigenes corrected the error of the Roman calendar system at that time by making one year 365 days. Then the Gregorian calendar was born. This calender is the Gregorian calender or it can also be called the New Style Calender reformed from the Julius calender. The Gregorian calender is the most widely used calender in the western world and is the standard for calculating international days today although initially rejected by some countries.Keywords: Julius calender, Gregorian calender, Gregorian calender rejection.
Analisis Perspektif Empat Madzhab Terhadap Matla’ dalam Penentuan Awal Bulan Hijriah Hamdani, Aris Tiono
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 1 (2022): Juni 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i1.4187

Abstract

Madhhab in Bahasa means to go or it can also be interpreted as an opinion. Matlah 'is a regional boundary based on the range of sight of the new moon. While the Hijri calendar is the determination of the date or month associated with important days for Muslims around the world. Within Islam itself, there are four schools of thought that are famous for their opinions regarding Islamic law, namely the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hambali schools. In the opinion of the four imams of the madhhab there are often differences of opinion, just like mathlah, they have their own opinions regarding the matter of matlah. Matlah has an important relationship with the sight of the new moon. Hilal has a close relationship with the determination of the beginning of the Hijri month. Therefore, the views of the four madhhab imams on matlah have a major influence in determining the beginning of the hijri month because the turn of the beginning of the month is determined by the visible new moon.Keywords: Madhhab, Matlah', Hijri Month

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