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Journal of Social Research
Published by CV. International Journal Labs
ISSN : 28279832     EISSN : 2828335x     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55324
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Science, Education, Social,
Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences
The Journal of Social Research is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to social and scientific fields. The journal is published monthly by International Journal Labs. The Journal of Social Research provides a means for sustained discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scopes of the journal which can be examined empirically. The journal publishes research articles covering all aspects of social sciences, ranging from Management, Economics, Culture, Law, Public Health, and Education that belong to the social context.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,688 Documents
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Valuation of PT Vale Indonesia TBK (IDX: INCO) using Discounted Cash Flow with Free Cash Flow to Equity Approach Robert J. S. Najoan
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3467

Abstract

The objective of this research is to evaluate the fair value (intrinsic value) of PT Vale Indonesia Tbk (IDX: INCO) shares using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model with Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE). This study employs a descriptive quantitative design grounded in financial modeling. Historical secondary data were processed to project future cash flows and estimate the equity fair value. Incorporating a Cost of Equity of 14.95% derived from the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and a Terminal Value calculated via the Gordon Growth Model, the FCFE valuation yields an intrinsic value of IDR 5,400 per share for the 2026–2031 forecast period. Compared against the market closing price of IDR 4,120 on June 30, 2026, INCO shares are deemed undervalued, prompting a BUY investment recommendation. The primary contribution of this research is providing empirical justification for investment decisions, incorporating a required rate of return of 14.95% as fair compensation for risk. Practically, the findings demonstrate a potential risk-adjusted return upside. Investors are advised to consider purchasing INCO shares while aligning the decision with their individual risk profiles and maintaining continuous market monitoring.
NEKOMO, Development of Educational Digital Media to Improve Adolescent Mental Health through Gamification Haryomo Nayottama Pracaya; Yeni Yuniarti
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3468

Abstract

Adolescent mental health is an important issue that is often overlooked, particularly in relation to silent anxiety or hidden anxiety, which can be difficult to detect. This study aims to develop NEKOMO (Development of Educational Digital Media to Improve Adolescent Mental Health through Gamification), a gamification-based digital educational medium designed to help adolescents recognize, manage, and reduce anxiety symptoms through interactive activities. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21 Items) instrument was used to measure anxiety levels before and after using the application. Validation by subject matter experts and media experts was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the application's content and interface. Of the 128 students who participated as initial respondents, 45 students completed both the pre-test and post-test assessments. The results of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a significance value of p < 0.05 across all DASS-21 domains, indicating a significant difference between scores before and after the use of the application. The average expert validation score ranged from 3.5 to 3.6 out of 4.0, categorized as "Suitable for use with minor revisions." Therefore, the NEKOMO application was considered valid and feasible and was associated with reduced anxiety levels and increased mental health awareness among adolescents at Al-Azhar 1 Jakarta Islamic High School. Further studies using a controlled experimental design are recommended to confirm the effectiveness of the application.
The Effectiveness of Combined Tuina at Points LI 11, LI 4, and GV 14 on Reducing Body Temperature in Fever in Children Aged 10–16 Years Debby Yulitasari; Anis Lupita Ningrum; Muslihat Khuril Rosyida; Hari Iskandar Kang
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3469

Abstract

Fever is a common clinical condition among school-aged children and adolescents and may be associated with dehydration, discomfort, and reduced daily functioning if inadequately managed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined Tuina stimulation at LI 11 (Quchi), LI 4 (Hegu), and GV 14 (Dazhui) in reducing body temperature among children with fever. A quantitative quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted at Harmoni Wellness Clinic. Thirty children aged 10–16 years with axillary temperatures of 37.5–39.0°C were selected using purposive sampling. Participants received a single 6–10-minute Tuina session, and axillary temperature was measured before the intervention and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes afterward. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test, and paired-samples t-tests. The mean baseline temperature was 38.35°C and progressively decreased to 38.10°C, 37.75°C, and 37.50°C at 15, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively. The corresponding mean reductions were 0.25°C, 0.60°C, and 0.85°C. All pre–post comparisons were statistically significant (p < .001), with the greatest reduction observed at 60 minutes. In conclusion, combined Tuina stimulation at LI 11 (Quchi), LI 4 (Hegu), and GV 14 (Dazhui) was associated with a significant reduction in body temperature among febrile children and may be considered a complementary nonpharmacological intervention alongside appropriate conventional care.
Prevalence of Head Injury Degree (GCS) with Head CT Scan Findings in Head Trauma Patients at Royal Prima Ayahanda Hospital Vivi Rafiah; Tommy Rizky Hutagalung
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3471

Abstract

Head trauma remains a major cause of mortality and neurological disability, requiring prompt assessment to identify intracranial abnormalities and guide appropriate management. This study aimed to examine the association between head injury severity, as assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and head computed tomography (CT) findings among patients at Royal Prima Ayahanda Hospital. An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using retrospective medical record data from 2024 to 2025. Total sampling was applied, resulting in 70 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Head injury severity based on GCS scores was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, while head CT findings were classified as normal or abnormal. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and the chi-square test, with a significance level of 0.05. Most patients were male (62.9%), were aged 36–64 years (38.6%), and had mild head injuries (81.4%). Head CT examinations showed normal findings in 30 patients and abnormal findings in 40 patients. Among patients with mild head injuries, 27 had abnormal CT findings, whereas all patients with moderate and severe head injuries had abnormal CT findings. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between GCS-based head injury severity and head CT findings (p = 0.003). In conclusion, GCS assessment and head CT imaging should be used complementarily in evaluating patients with head trauma because a mild head injury based on GCS score does not exclude the presence of intracranial abnormalities and may still warrant neuroimaging based on clinical indications.
Criteria for Flats Design that Meet the Needs of All Community Groups and Their Implications for Construction Costs Irfiani Fauzia; Anton Soekiman; Chandra Afriade Siregar
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3472

Abstract

The increasing demand for affordable urban housing has highlighted the importance of developing flats that are not only sufficient in quantity but also inclusive, accessible, and responsive to the needs of diverse community groups. Many existing flats still face limitations in accommodating older adults, children, people with disabilities, and other vulnerable residents due to inadequate accessibility features and supporting facilities. This study aimed to formulate inclusive flat design criteria, evaluate the suitability of Central Cigugur Flats in Cimahi City based on these criteria, and analyze the implications of design improvements for construction costs. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through field observations, documentation, interviews with residents and flat managers, technical drawings, regulations, and construction cost data. The findings indicated that Central Cigugur Flats had not fully met inclusive design requirements, particularly in terms of vertical circulation, accessibility facilities, residential unit flexibility, children’s spaces, and communal areas. The proposed design improvements increased residential unit areas and enhanced accessibility features, resulting in higher architectural costs per unit but lower construction costs per square meter. In conclusion, implementing inclusive flat design can improve residential quality, safety, and usability while maintaining construction efficiency. This study provides practical recommendations for developing affordable and sustainable vertical housing that considers both social inclusion and economic feasibility.
Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Degree of Knee Osteoarthritis Based on the Kellgren-Lawrence Classification in Patients at Royal Prima Hospital Medan, March–May 2025 Rahel Caroline; Ica Yulianti Pulungan
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3473

Abstract

Knee osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, reduced mobility, and decreased quality of life. Excess body weight may accelerate structural joint deterioration through increased mechanical loading and obesity-related inflammatory processes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis based on the Kellgren–Lawrence classification among patients at Royal Prima Hospital Medan. This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data obtained from medical records of 71 patients selected through consecutive sampling. BMI was categorized as normal weight, overweight, or obese, while knee osteoarthritis severity was classified according to Kellgren–Lawrence Grades 1–4. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Most participants were women (93%), with a mean age of 62.18 ± 8.67 years. Overweight was the most prevalent BMI category (47.9%), followed by obesity (29.6%). Grade 4 osteoarthritis was the most common radiographic finding (45.1%), followed by Grade 3 (38.0%). Obese patients were predominantly classified as Grade 4 (71.4%), whereas overweight patients were predominantly classified as Grade 3 (52.9%). BMI was significantly and positively correlated with osteoarthritis severity (r = 0.333; p = 0.005). In conclusion, higher BMI was associated with greater radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis, although the strength of the correlation was relatively weak.
Dynamics of Administrative Reform in Timor Leste Carolina da Cruz
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3478

Abstract

Administrative reform is a crucial aspect of post-independence nation-building, particularly in Timor-Leste. Since gaining independence, Timor-Leste has faced significant challenges in establishing an effective, transparent, and accountable public administration system due to limited resources, institutional capacity constraints, and the legacy of previous administrative structures. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of administrative reform in Timor-Leste, including the factors that facilitated and hindered its implementation. The research employed a qualitative case study approach involving the analysis of policy documents, government reports, and in-depth interviews with public officials and administrative experts. This approach enabled a comprehensive understanding of the reform process, practical challenges, and adaptive strategies implemented in practice. The findings indicated that administrative reform in Timor-Leste had achieved notable progress, including improvements in transparency, the digitalization of public services, and capacity building for civil servants. However, the reform process continued to face structural constraints, including bureaucratic overlap, limited availability of skilled human resources, and resistance to organizational cultural change. In conclusion, the success of administrative reform in Timor-Leste largely depends on inter-institutional coordination, human resource capacity development, and active public participation in evaluating bureaucratic performance. This study provides significant implications for policymakers in designing more effective and sustainable reform strategies.
Bureaucratic Fragmentation and Accountability within the Public Administration System of Timor-Leste Carolina da Cruz
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 11 (2026): Journal of Social Research (Issue in Progres)
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i11.3479

Abstract

This study aims to analyze bureaucratic fragmentation and government accountability within the public administration system of Timor-Leste and their implications for the implementation of the democratic rule of law. The research focuses on three main aspects: (1) the legal framework and principles governing bureaucratic accountability under the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste; (2) the forms and characteristics of bureaucratic fragmentation; and (3) the implications of bureaucratic fragmentation for government accountability and efforts to strengthen the relevant normative framework. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials were collected through a literature review of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, laws and regulations governing public administration, administrative law literature, constitutional law doctrine, and contemporary academic studies. The materials were analyzed qualitatively using systematic and teleological interpretation to assess the consistency of accountability principles in the context of bureaucratic fragmentation. The findings demonstrate that: (1) bureaucratic accountability constitutes an inherent constitutional principle derived from the democratic rule of law, popular sovereignty, government accountability to Parliament, equality before the law, and mechanisms of judicial oversight; (2) bureaucratic fragmentation is manifested through the division of administrative authority, institutional and structural fragmentation, functional fragmentation, and vertical fragmentation between the central government and local administrative structures; and (3) bureaucratic fragmentation undermines government accountability, creates ambiguity in the allocation of authority, reduces the effectiveness of oversight, and may result in legal uncertainty for citizens.
Evaluation of Community Involvement in The Process of Environmental Impact Assessment in Indonesia Ferdinand S. Dhiksawan; Sudharto P. Hadi
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3480

Abstract

Community involvement in the process of environmental impact analysis in Indonesia was evaluated in this research. This research employed literature review of international journals, books, and the research results of EIA regarding community involvement in EIA process from 1995 to 2013. The result of literature review shows that Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is actually an activity that estimates what the consequences of the next action are taken, and examines what following steps are required to enlarge and minimize the consequences of that action. The Environmental Impact Assessment is an activity involving community starting from informing action plans, identifying and evaluating environmental changes as a result of project activities, as well as involving community in the making of environmental feasibility decision. Community is a primary component in the EIA process because they are the final recipients of both economic benefits and environmental damage. As a result, the process of community involvement is not only related to data contribution for decision-making, but the community can also be involved in influencing existing decisions. Moreover, community involvement in EIA process is a practice of democracy in which the community has the ability to develop a more complex understanding as well as expanding their knowledge in contributing to the making of environmental feasibility decision. Furthermore, there are four ethical principles of community involvement, namely Equal opportunity to be involved, equal access to information, discussion, and mutual commitment.
The Effect of Tuina Anfa Therapy at Shenshu Point on Reducing Low Back Pain Intensity in Supra Group Office Workers with Cold-Dampness Syndrome Dhika Saputra; Muhammad Raihan Alfani; Efa Yusfi Asrifa; Hari Iskandar Kang
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs (AHU-0028405-AH.01.14 Tahun 2022)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i10.3481

Abstract

Low back pain is commonly experienced by office workers, with a prevalence of 72% among individuals with sitting durations of >4 hours/day. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this condition is associated with the pattern of Cold-Dampness Syndrome, which is characterized by the obstruction of meridians. Tuina Anfa therapy at the Shenshu acupoint has been reported to reduce pain intensity; however, research involving office worker populations remains limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of Tuina Anfa therapy at the Shenshu acupoint on reducing low back pain intensity among office workers with Cold-Dampness Syndrome.This study employed a quasi-experimental design with an interrupted time-series approach involving 20 office workers at Supra Group who experienced low back pain associated with Cold-Dampness Syndrome. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on the following criteria: age 21–45 years, chronic low back pain lasting >12 weeks, and a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score >4. The Tuina Anfa intervention at the Shenshu acupoint was administered twice weekly for 4 weeks, resulting in a total of 8 sessions. A total of 20 respondents participated, with 55% aged 21–30 years, 55% being male, and all participants working in a sitting position for >4 hours/day.The mean NRS score decreased from 4.45 (moderate pain) before the intervention to 1.15 (mild pain) after 8 sessions, representing a mean reduction of 3.30 points (74.2%). The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between pain intensity scores before and after the intervention. All respondents (100%) experienced a decrease in NRS scores, and no adverse effects were reported. Tuina Anfa therapy at the Shenshu acupoint demonstrated potential effectiveness in reducing low back pain intensity among office workers with Cold-Dampness Syndrome (p = 0.000) and may be considered a safe non-pharmacological intervention. Further studies with larger samples and controlled designs are recommended to confirm these findings.

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