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Pharmacy Reports
Published by Indonesian Young Scientist Group
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27989798     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51511/pr.2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacy Reports is an open-access journal publishing peer-reviewed research in the pharmacy field, covering topics in pharmaceutics, biomedicine, pharmaceutical chemistry, bioinformatics, natural product, pharmacology and toxicology, and clinical pharmacy. Pharmacy Reports invites you to submit papers, covering topics in: pharmaceutics (pharmaceutical technology, drug delivery system), biomedicine (molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, biotechnology), pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical chemistry, medicinal chemistry: drug design, drug synthesis, pharmacochemistry, bioinformatic), natural product (fractionation, isolation, purification, and elucidation), pharmacology and toxicology (pharmacokinetics, toxicology), clinical pharmacy (therapeutic drug monitoring, adverse drug reaction, drug interaction), pharmaceutical industry, pharmacy education, community service related to pharmacy.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Pharmacy Reports" : 5 Documents clear
Original and generic medicines: clinical, economic and social aspects in the context of health care systems Lewandowski, Marcin; Religioni, Urszula; Agnieszka, Barańska; Krystian, Wdowiak; Kobayashi, Adam; Borowska, Mariola; Marcin, Czech; Piotr, Wierzbiński; Daniel, Śliż; Katarzyna, Plagens–Rotman; Merks, Piotr
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.105

Abstract

This narrative review synthesizes evidence on clinical, regulatory, economic, and social aspects of generic drug use, focusing on European and Polish contexts. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and regulatory sources for English and Polish-language records published January 2015 to October 2025. Regulatory authorities apply rigorous bioequivalence and Good Manufacturing Practice standards ensuring generics meet the same quality requirements as branded counterparts. Across most small-molecule indications, these standards predict comparable therapeutic outcomes, with residual caution for narrow-therapeutic-index or modified-release medicines. Despite regulatory assurance, perceptions of inferiority persist among healthcare professionals and patients, influenced by misinformation, inconsistent communication, and branding cues. Economically, generics consistently reduce public and out-of-pocket expenditures and enable reinvestment in innovative therapies. Policy tools such as reference pricing, INN prescribing, and pharmacist substitution shape uptake, though implementation varies. Supply-chain vulnerabilities and market-sustainability pressures threaten continuity of access. Four priority actions emerge: improve transparency of regulatory decisions and product-level information at point of care, standardize professional and public education on generic equivalence, protect sustainable competition through calibrated pricing and diversified sourcing, and prioritize real-world comparative research in sensitive indications. These measures would strengthen trust, ensure reliable access, and allow savings to be reinvested in high-value innovation.
Drug utilization patterns and dosing appropriateness of antirheumatic drugs in outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis at Harapan dan Doa General Hospital, Bengkulu City, Indonesia Juniarti, Silvia; Rahmawati, Reza; Maryanti, Evi; Handayani, Dian; Sari, Delia Komala; Sari, Dwi Dominica; Pertiwi, Reza; Oktarini, Rizki; Wulandari, Septi
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.106

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that requires long-term treatment and careful management. Inappropriate therapy may increase morbidity and mortality; therefore, appropriate drug selection and prescribing are essential to improving healthcare quality, particularly in hospital settings. This study aimed to determine the prescribing patterns of medications for patients with rheumatoid arthritis at Harapan dan Doa General Hospital in Bengkulu City. A descriptive, quantitative design was employed, utilizing a total sampling technique. The results showed that, based on drug combination patterns, most patients received triple-drug therapy (46.66%), followed by dual therapy (31.61%) and monotherapy (21.64%). The most common monotherapy was etoricoxib (8.33%), while the most frequent two-drug combination was methotrexate and methylprednisolone (11.66%). The predominant three-drug combination consisted of methotrexate, methylprednisolone, and meloxicam (15%). Based on therapeutic class, the prescribed drugs included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (80%), corticosteroids (71.66%), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (61.66%), and analgesics (10%). Although all prescribed drugs followed the recommended dosing guidelines, NSAIDs and corticosteroids were used more frequently than methotrexate. This pattern may reflect variations in clinical practice or differences in patient characteristics.
Out-of-pocket expenditure in Indonesia’s national health insurance: evidence from household survey in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia Akhmad, Atika Dalili; Setyawan, Irfanianta Arif; Dirga
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.107

Abstract

Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (NHI) was established to promote equitable access to healthcare and protect households from financial hardship. However, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments continue to occur, leading in catastrophic health for many families. This study aimed to measure the incidence and identify the determinants of OOP spending among NHI participants in Bandar Lampung. A cross-sectional survey involving 253 NHI members was conducted in 2020 across clinics, public health centers, and pharmacies. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. OOP spending was reported by 31.62% of respondents. Bivariate analysis indicated that the type of health facility (p = 0.004) and membership status (p = 0.040) significantly influenced OOP expenditure, while age, gender, education, occupation, income, and treatment class were not significant. Multivariate analysis confirmed that visits to clinics (p = 0.018) and membership in Mandiri or PBI groups (both p = 0.039) were associated with a higher likelihood of OOP payments. Despite essential health services being covered under NHI, OOP expenditure remains a considerable financial burden. These findings highlight the need for stronger policy interventions to improve benefit coverage and ensure equitable financial protection under Indonesia’s NHI system.
Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy and clinical recovery in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia patients: a retrospective comparative study Rostalina, Irma; Meiliana, Made Laksmi; Kusniawati, Mega Ayu
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.111

Abstract

Dysregulated inflammation in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has prompted investigation of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy; however, their clinical utility remains contested, particularly in non-severe presentations and resource-limited settings. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy on length of hospital stay and key clinical parameters in adult CAP patients at a secondary referral hospital in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. This retrospective comparative study analyzed medical records of 59 eligible CAP patients admitted during 2023. Patients were categorized into steroid (n = 39) and non-steroid (n = 20) groups. Time to clinical improvement in temperature, cough, dyspnea, and respiratory rate, as well as length of hospital stay, were compared using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Steroid-treated patients had significantly longer hospital stays (28.2% vs. 5.0% with stays ≥5 days; p = 0.044), slower dyspnea resolution (p = 0.022), and delayed respiratory rate normalization (p = 0.042). No significant differences were observed for temperature (p = 0.653) or cough resolution (p = 0.679). Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy was not associated with clinical benefit in this cohort and was associated with prolonged hospitalization. Severity-based patient selection and standardized protocols are essential before routine corticosteroid use can be recommended in similar settings.
Dermatological properties of Cosmos caudatus Kunth for photoprotection, anti-aging, and skin brightening applications Husnayanti, Ana; Sugiyanto; Kintoko; Nurhayati
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.114

Abstract

Cosmos caudatus Kunth, a tropical medicinal herb traditionally used across Southeast Asia, has emerged as a promising botanical ingredient for cosmeceutical applications. This narrative review systematically synthesizes current evidence on its dermatological properties through comprehensive literature search of Scopus and PubMed databases (2015-2025), yielding 25 studies meeting inclusion criteria for skin-relevant bioactivities. Phytochemical characterization consistently identifies flavonoid glycosides, particularly quercetin derivatives (quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin), as major bioactive constituents responsible for multifaceted skin benefits. In vitro studies demonstrate potent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 17.77-163.6 μg/mL in DPPH assay), significant inhibition of collagenase, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinases underlying anti-aging effects, and superior tyrosinase inhibition (IC₅₀ 6.803 μg/mL) for skin brightening. Photoprotective capacity exhibits remarkable formulation-dependent enhancement, progressing from minimal protection in raw extracts (SPF 3.26) to ultra-protection in optimized cream formulations (SPF 45.59). Advanced delivery systems including nanotechnology (particle size 160-176 nm) and microencapsulation (79.67% flavonoid retention) further enhance stability and bioavailability. Additional antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes positions C. caudatus uniquely for acne-hyperpigmentation management. Despite robust in vitro evidence, clinical validation through human trials remains a critical research priority. This review establishes C. caudatus as a scientifically validated, multifunctional botanical ingredient with substantial commercial potential in the natural cosmeceutical market.

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