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Muhammad Zainuddin Sunarto
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Hakam : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam
Published by Universitas Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo
ISSN : 28295803     EISSN : 25808052     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Hakam : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam adalah jurnal ilmiah yang mengkaji tentang persoalan - persoalan hukum dan keislaman. Jurnal ini diterbitkan secara berkala setahun dua kali, yaitu setiap bulan Juni dan Desember oleh Program Studi Hukum Keluarga Islam, Fakultas Agama Islam, Universitas Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. Redaksi menerima naskah ilmiah ataupun hasil penelitian dalam bahasa Indonesia, bahasa inggris maupun bahasa arab. Di samping itu, Tim Redaksi juga berhak untuk mengedit dan menyempurkan naskah ilmiah yang akan diterbitkan tanpa menghilangkan esensi dan makna tulisan.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2025)" : 20 Documents clear
THE BOYCOTT OF ISRAELI PRODUCTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SADZ AL-DZARAI’: A NORMATIVE ANALYSIS WITHIN ISLAMIC LAW Fauziah, Ai Samrotul
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.13319

Abstract

The phenomenon of boycotting Israeli products in Indonesia is a form of showing the morality and conscience of society based on very serious solidarity with Palestine. The boycott was carried out due to genocide and intimidation carried out by Israel, especially Israeli attacks which have recently increased and become more severe in most of the Palestinian territories. The context of this discussion is the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement which was born as the key to suppressing various large companies that have ties to Israel and support their economic prosperity. This was done with the intention of supporting the Palestinian people who have been sadistically and horribly oppressed. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the phenomenon of boycotting Israeli goods from the perspective of sadd adzzariyat. This research uses descriptive qualitative by analyzing secondary data from various literature sources, including case studies, scientific journals and articles. This research will discuss the phenomenon of boycotting as viewed from sadd adzzariyat, as Islamic law studied by Ushul Fiqh scholars explains that sadd adzzariyat prohibits or prevents work that was previously permissible to be done but can lead to something that is prohibited.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WAKALAH BIL UJROH CONTRACT IN FINANCING PRODUCTS AT ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Auliaurrahman, Muhammad Fikri
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.12140

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the implementation of the Wakalah bil ujrah contract in financing products within Islamic financial institutions and to identify the challenges and opportunities in its application. This contract allows financial institutions to act as representatives of customers in conducting specific financial transactions while receiving ujrah (fees) as compensation for the services provided.  This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using literature review techniques and a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that the Wakalah bil ujrah contract is applied in various products, such as Islamic multipurpose financing, home ownership financing (Islamic mortgage/PPR Syariah), vehicle financing, and micro and SME financing and Hajj Financing.  However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including limited public understanding of this contract, differences in regulatory interpretations among Islamic financial institutions, and competition with conventional financing products. To overcome these challenges, efforts such as public education, regulatory harmonization, product innovation, and increased transparency in managing ujrah fees are necessary.Keywords : Wakalah bil ujrah, Islamic Financing, Islamic Financial Institutions, Regulations, Product Innovation. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini ditulis bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan akad wakalah bil ujrah dalam produk pembiayaan di lembaga keuangan syariah serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang dalam implementasinya. Akad ini memungkinkan lembaga keuangan bertindak sebagai wakil nasabah dalam melakukan transaksi keuangan tertentu dengan memperoleh ujrah (fee) sebagai imbalan atas jasa yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik studi literatur dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akad wakalah bil ujrah diterapkan dalam berbagai produk pembiayaan di LKS yaitu seperti pembiayaan multiguna syariah, pembiayaan kepemilikan rumah (PPR Syariah), pembiayaan kendaraan, pembiayaan usaha mikro dan UKM serta pembiayaan haji. Namun, penerapannya masih menghadapi beberapa tantangan, seperti kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai akad ini, perbedaan interpretasi regulasi antar lembaga keuangan syariah, serta persaingan dengan produk pembiayaan konvensional. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, diperlukan upaya edukasi masyarakat, harmonisasi regulasi, inovasi produk, serta peningkatan transparansi dalam pengelolaan biaya ujrah.Kata Kunci: Wakalah bil ujrah, Pembiayaan Syariah, Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, Regulasi, Inovasi Produk.
RAISING THE MARRIAGE AGE, RAISING DISPENSATIONS? EVIDENCE FROM THE MALANG RELIGIOUS COURT AFTER CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 22/PUU-XV/2017 Arifah, Risma Nur; Hussin, Mohd Nurhusairi Bin Mat; Rahmawati, Erik Sabti; Zahro, Anggreani Kharimatuz
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.13761

Abstract

This study examines the legal consequences of Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017 on the minimum marriage age and its relationship with the rising number of marriage dispensation cases before the Malang Religious Court. Using an empirical juridical (socio-legal) approach, primary data were collected through interviews with judges and court clerks, while secondary data comprised relevant statutes, the Constitutional Court decision, and selected court rulings. The findings indicate that the decision was accommodated through Law No. 16 of 2019, which equalized the minimum marriage age at 19; however, implementation has redirected practices toward the dispensation mechanism. SIPP data show a sharp increase in dispensation petitions in the Malang City Religious Court (83 in 2018; 183 in 2019; 260 in 2020; 261 in 2021). Key constraints include open-textured dispensation standards, weak operational guidance and cross-sector coordination, the voluntary nature of proceedings, and broad judicial discretion that normalizes dispensations. Policy recommendations include tightening “urgent reasons” criteria, issuing stricter judicial guidelines, and requiring health-psychological assessments and child-protection involvement.
REVIEW OF ISLAMIC LAW AND LAW NO. 1 OF 1974 AND CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 CONCERNING SIRI MARRIAGE LAW: THE POSITION OF WIVES, CHILDREN AND PROPERTY Bakri, Syaiful; Abrori, Muhammad
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.12754

Abstract

This study discusses the position of wives, children, and property in unregistered marriages based on Islamic law, Law No. 1 of 1974, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The method used is a legal-normative approach with a comparative approach to Islamic legal literature and legislation. The results of the study show that according to Islamic law, unregistered marriages are valid religiously if they fulfill the pillars and requirements of marriage, but they do not have legal force because they are not registered. As a result, wives and children find it difficult to obtain legal protection for their status and civil rights, including inheritance rights and joint property. Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 recognizes the civil relationship between children born out of wedlock and their biological fathers, thereby strengthening legal protection for children born from siri marriages. Therefore, marriage registration is important to ensure legal certainty for all parties.
ANALYSIS OF LEGAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AGAINST PERPETRATORS OF CHILD BULLYING Sulistina, Sulistina; Sari, Amilia Putri Kartika; Yusri, Efrilia; Musdalifah, Arindy Sri
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.13322

Abstract

Bullying is a common occurrence in Indonesia. Many cases of bullying occur in schools, from elementary to secondary education, and even at the university level. The law has its own perspective on children who become perpetrators of crimes. Legal treatment for children in conflict emphasizes the best protection for children, not just retaliation. The method used in this study is normative juridical or normative legal research, also commonly referred to as doctrinal legal research. The discussion in this study will outline the rules and implementation of legal policies against perpetrators of bullying who are minors. The conclusion of this study is that bullying in school-age children is deviant behavior, both in the form of physical and psychological violence, namely by underage children as subjects against other children as objects of the deviation, carried out through physical, verbal, relational, and electronic bullying. Law enforcement against minors who commit bullying refers to Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Legal protection measures for crimes committed by children are pursued. Diversion, however, does not prevent the possibility of criminal sanctions as stipulated in Article 76C of the Child Protection Law.
DECONSTRUCTING MU’ASYARAH BI AL-MA’RUF: TOWARD A GENDER-JUST FRAMEWORK OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW Anisa, Lina Nur
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.12198

Abstract

This research offers a novel contribution to Islamic family law by deconstructing the concept of mu’asyarah bil ma’ruf as a normative foundation for addressing contemporary legal and social challenges. Departing from traditional textual interpretations, the study reconceptualizes mu’asyarah bil ma’ruf as a dynamic and inclusive ethical-legal framework grounded in justice, reciprocity, and gender equality. The scope of the research covers ethical, social, and legal dimensions of harmonious family life in Islam, with particular attention to husband–wife relations and family justice. Employing qualitative library research, this study utilizes content and critical analysis of primary Islamic legal sources, court decisions, and relevant family law policies. The findings reveal that classical normative frameworks often reflect patriarchal assumptions that constrain women’s rights and fail to respond adequately to contemporary social dynamics, resulting in legal and social inequalities. Through a deconstructive approach, the research exposes these biases and proposes an alternative interpretation that emphasizes mutual respect, proportional rights and obligations, and substantive justice within the family. This study concludes that reinterpreting mu’asyarah bil ma’ruf is essential for developing a more just and responsive Islamic family law. Practically, the findings contribute to Islamic legal reform by providing a conceptual basis for gender-sensitive legislation, judicial interpretation, and family law policies that protect women and children while remaining firmly rooted in Islamic values.
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF MARRIAGE CONTRACTS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN: HARMONIZING ISLAMIC LAW AND INDONESIAN NATIONAL LAW ON LINEAGE AND CHILD PROTECTION Nst, Yurizka Syahdani; Hasanah, Uswatun
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.13864

Abstract

This study discusses the legal provisions regarding marriage contracts for pregnant women from the perspective of Islamic law and national law in Indonesia, with a focus on the validity of the contract and the status and rights of children born from such marriages. The method used is library research with a normative-comparative approach through the study of the Qur’an, hadith, Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The results of the study show that both legal systems basically allow the marriage of pregnant women in Islamic law as a form of moral responsibility and an effort to preserve offspring (hifz al-nasl), and national law through Article 53 of the KHI does not require waiting for the birth of the child, while the Constitutional Court Decision provides certainty of civil protection for children born out of wedlock based on biological evidence. This study fills a gap in the literature, which rarely conducts normative comparative analyses between Islamic law and constitutional jurisprudence regarding the implications of a child’s status. The main contribution of this research is to offer an interpretive harmonization framework that integrates biological evidence and the principle of protecting offspring to strengthen legal certainty and child protection. These findings have implications for recommendations for more coherent family law policies between religious norms and positive provisions.
SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW ON THE GROWTH OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (UMKM) IN THE DIGITAL ERA Safitri, Meisa Nur; Nurkhafiah, Nabila; Nurzihan, Siti; Turromaniyah, Afifa
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.13161

Abstract

The growth of MSMEs in the digital era requires strong Sharia governance, the expansion of Sharia-based fintech, and the enhancement of Islamic economic literacy to ensure that digital transformation proceeds fairly and sustainably. This study examines the relevance of Sharia Economic Law in promoting the growth of MSMEs amid rapid digital transformation. In an era where online transactions, digital payments, and fintech platforms dominate the business ecosystem, Islamic legal principles such as justice (‘adl), transparency (shafafiyyah), and the prohibition of riba and gharar are increasingly important to implement. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research analyzes how Sharia-based financial regulations and innovations influence MSME development. The results show that digital Sharia financing provides broader and more ethical access to funding for MSMEs. However, challenges remain, including low digital literacy, weak supervision of Sharia compliance, and a lack of regulatory synergy between national economic policies and Islamic economic principles.
HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL SEBAGAI OBJEK JAMINAN PEMBIAYAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH Jalaludin, Diding; Padhilah, Piqi Rizqi; Rojikin, Umar; Kholid, Muhamad; Astarudin, Tatang
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.11878

Abstract

This article examines the status of Intellectual Property (IP) as collateral for financing within the framework of Islamic Economic Law. IP—covering trademarks, patents, copyrights, industrial designs, trade secrets, and communal intellectual property—embodies reputation and economic value, thereby raising the question of whether it may qualify as māl (property) and function as marhūn (pledged collateral). Employing a descriptive-analytical method and a juridical-empirical approach through library research, the study analyzes statutory regulations on IP-based security, relevant fatwas, and contemporary Islamic legal scholarship. The findings suggest that IP conceptually corresponds to ḥaqq al-ibtikār (creative/authorial right), which is increasingly recognized as a proprietary right containing both economic and moral dimensions. Its legitimacy is frequently grounded in ‘urf (recognized custom) and maṣlaḥah mursalah (public interest), supporting the permissibility of utilizing IP as collateral under the general maxim that commercial transactions are allowed unless proven otherwise. The article further proposes Sharia-compliant operational models—such as rahn combined with murābaḥah, ijārah, istiṣnā‘, and profit-sharing schemes (muḍārabah/mushārakah)—subject to strict avoidance of ribā, gharar, and maysir, and contingent upon reliable valuation standards, secondary-market readiness, and enforceable execution mechanisms. Divergent scholarly views are mapped, particularly regarding intangibility, valuation volatility, and moral-right constraints.
KAFA’AH DALAM PERKAWINAN PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SYARI’AH (Studi Kasus pada Pesantren Darul Ma’sum dan Yayasan Darussalam Kabupaten Probolinggo) Salim, Muhamad Agus; Meilinda, Fauziyah Putri
JURNAL HAKAM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/jhi.v9i2.13366

Abstract

This study examines the concept of kafa’ah (marital compatibility) from the perspective of Maqashid al-Shariah, using a case study of Darul Ma’sum Islamic Boarding School and Darussalam Foundation in Probolinggo Regency. The research is motivated by social phenomena within Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), where the application of kafa’ah varies between a traditional approach emphasizing equality in lineage, social status, and religious scholarship and a more contextual interpretation that prioritizes welfare (maslahah), happiness, and spiritual responsibility. The aim of this research is to analyze how the principles of Maqashid al-Shariah are applied in understanding and interpreting kafa’ah within pesantren culture, and how religious and social values interact in marital practices. The study employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and document analysis. This approach enables the researcher to explore the subjective experiences of pesantren leaders in determining marital suitability based on both religious and social considerations. The findings reveal that Darul Ma’sum tends to apply kafa’ah normatively to preserve hifz al-din (protection of religion) and hifz al-nasl (protection of lineage), whereas Darussalam emphasizes hifz al-nafs (protection of life) and individual welfare. Through the analytical lens of Maqashid al-Shariah, the study concludes that a contextual and humanistic understanding of kafa’ah aligns more closely with the higher objectives of Islamic law, which seek to ensure happiness, justice, and harmony within the family. This research recommends reinterpreting kafa’ah beyond social hierarchy toward spiritual, moral, and emotional equilibrium as the foundation of a harmonious marriage.

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