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Identifikasi Rhodamin B pada Kerupuk Gunung Gunungkidul menggunakan Metode KLT dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis Rafiqoh Nafisah Mustaqim; Muhammad Alfian; Rizky Gustinanda
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.9784

Abstract. Kerupuk gunung is one of Gunungkidul's typical food products that has a striking red color and potentially uses dangerous synthetic dyes such as Rhodamine B. This study aims to identify and determine the levels of Rhodamine B in red-colored kerupuk gunung circulating in Karangwetan, Semin, Gunungkidul. Qualitative analysis was carried out using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method, while quantitative analysis was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a maximum wavelength of 555 nm. The calibration curve was made in the range of 0.5–2.5 ppm and produced a regression equation y = 0.1536x + 0.0028 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. Validation parameters showed precision with a CV of 0.18%, recovery of 99.60–100.67%, and LOD and LOQ values of 0.0569 µg/mL and 0.1726 µg/mL, respectively. The TLC test results showed that all samples did not display spots or fluorescence typical of Rhodamine B. Quantitative analysis showed that Rhodamine B levels were in the range of 0.0000–0.1185 µg/mL, all of which were below the LOQ value. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the mountain crackers circulating in the research area were not detected to contain Rhodamine B. Abstrak. Kerupuk gunung merupakan salah satu produk pangan khas Gunungkidul yang memiliki warna merah mencolok dan berpotensi menggunakan pewarna sintetis berbahaya seperti Rhodamin B. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menetapkan kadar Rhodamin B pada kerupuk gunung berwarna merah yang beredar di Karangwetan, Semin, Gunungkidul. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), sedangkan analisis kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum 555 nm. Kurva kalibrasi dibuat pada rentang 0,5–2,5 ppm dan menghasilkan persamaan regresi y = 0,1536x + 0,0028 dengan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,999. Parameter validasi menunjukkan presisi dengan CV 0,18%, recovery 99,60–100,67%, serta nilai LOD dan LOQ masing-masing sebesar 0,0569 µg/mL dan 0,1726 µg/mL. Hasil uji KLT menunjukkan seluruh sampel tidak menampilkan bercak maupun fluoresensi khas Rhodamin B. Analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan kadar Rhodamin B berada dalam rentang 0,0000–0,1185 µg/mL, yang seluruhnya berada di bawah nilai LOQ. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerupuk gunung yang beredar di wilayah penelitian tidak terdeteksi mengandung Rhodamin B.

Telaah Metodologis Uji DPPH pada Metabolit Sekunder Bahan Alam Astrid Kusuma Putri; Asti Rahayu; Rina Andayani; Ersanda Nurma Praditapuspa; Yuyun Nailufa; Etik Wahyuningsih
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.9972

Abstract. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay is one of the most widely used spectrophotometric methods for evaluating the antioxidant activity of natural product extracts because it is simple, rapid, and cost-effective. However, DPPH assay results are influenced by methodological variations, including solvent selection, initial DPPH concentration and absorbance, reagent-to-sample volume ratio, incubation time, measurement wavelength, and data processing, which may reduce result comparability when experimental conditions are inadequately reported. This study aimed to identify methodological variations in the DPPH assay, evaluate their potential influence on antioxidant activity results, and formulate recommendations for the minimum methodological parameters that should be reported. A structured narrative review following the PRISMA framework was conducted using publications from the Scopus, Google Scholar, and SINTA databases (2004–2025). Sixteen eligible articles were analyzed using a descriptive-comparative approach based on Molyneux's conceptual framework. The review identified methodological heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting as major factors affecting the interpretation and comparability of DPPH assay results. The resulting recommendations aim to enhance methodological transparency, reproducibility, and comparability in natural product pharmaceutical research. Abstrak. Uji 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) merupakan salah satu metode spektrofotometri yang banyak digunakan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak bahan alam karena prosedurnya sederhana, cepat, dan ekonomis. Namun, hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dipengaruhi oleh variasi parameter metodologis, seperti jenis pelarut, konsentrasi dan absorbansi awal DPPH, rasio volume reagen dan sampel, waktu inkubasi, panjang gelombang pengukuran, serta pengolahan data, sehingga berpotensi menurunkan keterbandingan hasil apabila kondisi eksperimental tidak dilaporkan secara memadai. Artikel ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi variasi parameter metodologis pada uji DPPH, mengevaluasi potensi pengaruhnya terhadap hasil pengujian, serta merumuskan rekomendasi parameter minimum yang perlu dilaporkan. Penelitian disusun sebagai structured narrative review dengan pendekatan PRISMA terhadap publikasi dari basis data Scopus, Google Scholar, dan SINTA tahun 2004–2025. Sebanyak 16 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif-komparatif menggunakan kerangka konseptual Molyneux. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa heterogenitas kondisi eksperimen dan pelaporan parameter reaksi memengaruhi interpretasi dan keterbandingan hasil. Berdasarkan sintesis literatur, artikel ini merumuskan rekomendasi parameter metodologis minimum untuk meningkatkan transparansi metodologis, reprodusibilitas, dan keterbandingan hasil uji DPPH dalam penelitian farmasi bahan alam.

Formulasi Sediaan Hair Tonic Nanoemulsi Minyak Biji Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L.) Muhammad Izzan Fauzan; Purwaeni; Hanifa Rahma
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.10109

Abstract. Hair loss is one of the most common hair problems. Candlenut seed oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) has long been used to help treat hair loss due to its fatty acid content and bioactive compounds that support hair and scalp health. However, conventional use is limited by poor stability and low penetration of active compounds. Therefore, a nanoemulsion delivery system was developed to improve physical stability and enhance the delivery of candlenut oil. This study aimed to develop a candlenut oil nanoemulsion hair tonic with optimal physical characteristics. The nanoemulsion was formulated using a combination of surfactant and cosurfactant through a high-energy emulsification technique, and optimized using a 2² factorial design followed by quadratic modeling with RStudio. Oil identification was conducted by comparing analytical results with the Certificate of Analysis and relevant literature. The evaluation showed that the preparation was a clear, slightly viscous, colorless, and homogeneous liquid. The transmittance value was 99.678 ± 0.014%, with a pH of 6.47 ± 0.016 and viscosity of 949.333 ± 2.494 cP. The formulation exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior with a particle size of 20.8 ± 0.216 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.093 ± 0.012, and a zeta potential of −34.300 ± 1.314 mV. Thermodynamic stability testing confirmed that the formulation remained stable during storage. Therefore, the candlenut seed oil nanoemulsion hair tonic exhibited good characteristics and physical stability. Abstrak. Kerontokan rambut merupakan salah satu masalah rambut yang umum terjadi. Minyak biji kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L.) telah lama dimanfaatkan untuk membantu mengatasi kerontokan rambut karena kandungan asam lemak dan senyawa bioaktif yang mendukung kesehatan rambut dan kulit kepala. Namun, penggunaan secara konvensional memiliki keterbatasan, terutama terkait stabilitas dan penetrasi zat aktif. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan sistem penghantaran nanoemulsi untuk meningkatkan stabilitas fisik dan efektivitas penghantaran minyak biji kemiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan formula hair tonic nanoemulsi minyak biji kemiri dengan karakteristik fisik optimal. Nanoemulsi diformulasikan menggunakan kombinasi surfaktan dan kosurfaktan dengan menggunakan metode teknik energi tinggi, kemudian dioptimasi menggunakan desain faktorial 2² dan pemodelan kuadratik berbasis RStudio. Identifikasi minyak dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil analisis terhadap Certificate of Analysis dan literatur. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan sediaan berupa cairan jernih agak kental, tidak berwarna, dan homogen. Nilai % transmittan sebesar 99,678 ± 0,014 %, pH 6,47 ± 0,016, serta viskositas 949,333 ± 2,494 cP. Sediaan menunjukkan sifat alir pseudoplastis dengan ukuran partikel 20,8 ± 0,216 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,093 ± 0,012, dan zeta potensial -34,300 ± 1,314 mV. Uji stabilitas termodinamik menunjukkan formula stabil selama penyimpanan. Dengan demikian, hair tonic nanoemulsi minyak biji kemiri memiliki karakteristik dan kestabilan fisik yang baik.

Metabolit Sekunder dalam Pengembangan Tabir Surya Alami: Tinjauan Sistematis Aktivitas Fotoprotektif Nazwa Aliifah Fachruddin; Arlina Prima Putri; Bertha Rusdi
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.10110

Abstract. The development of natural-based sunscreen formulations continues to increase; however, the most promising types of secondary metabolites and optimal extraction methods have not yet been comprehensively mapped. This study aimed to evaluate the use of natural extracts in sunscreen formulations based on plant species, secondary metabolite content, extraction methods, and photoprotective activity. The method employed was a Systematic Literature Review involving the stages of searching, selecting, and extracting data from the Wiley, MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer databases within the 2019–2025 publication range. Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that Calendula arvensis was the most promising candidate at the extract level, with an SPF value of 193.49 ± 0.24. The best performance at the finished product level was observed in gels containing Sloanea medusula and S. calva (SPF 57–60) as well as Vaccinium varingiaefolium gel (SPF 21.56). Dominant secondary metabolites contributing to the photoprotective effect included polyphenols—such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins—as well as mycosporine-like amino acids, which act as UV absorbers and antioxidants. These findings support the development of effective, safe, and sustainable natural sunscreens. Abstrak. Pengembangan sediaan tabir surya berbasis bahan alam terus meningkat, namun jenis metabolit sekunder paling potensial serta metode ekstraksi yang optimal belum terpetakan secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemanfaatan ekstrak alami dalam formulasi tabir surya berdasarkan jenis tanaman, kandungan metabolit sekunder, metode ekstraksi, dan aktivitas fotoprotektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review melalui tahapan pencarian, seleksi, dan ekstraksi data dari basis data Wiley, MDPI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Springer pada rentang tahun 2019–2025. Delapan artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil menunjukkan Calendula arvensis sebagai kandidat paling potensial pada tingkat ekstrak dengan nilai SPF 193,49 ± 0,24. Performa sediaan jadi terbaik ditemukan pada gel Sloanea medusula dan S. calva dengan SPF 57–60 serta gel Vaccinium varingiaefolium dengan SPF 21,56. Metabolit sekunder dominan yang berkontribusi meliputi polifenol, yaitu senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, antosianin, serta mycosporine-like amino acids yang berperan sebagai penyerap UV dan antioksidan. Temuan ini mendukung pengembangan tabir surya alami yang efektif, aman, dan berkelanjutan secara luas.

Optimasi Lip Balm Minyak Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) Menggunakan D-Optimal Mixture Design Meisya Ghina Shulhani; Budi Prabowo Soewondo; Ratih Aryani
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.10294

Abstract. Angular cheilitis is a lesion occurring at the corners of the lips and is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection. Geranium essential oil (Pelargonium graveolens) has potential antifungal properties and can be developed in lip balm formulations. This study aimed to determine the optimum formulation of a geranium essential oil lip balm stick and to evaluate its physical quality and stability using the D-optimal mixture design method. The lip balm base consisted of beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, shea butter, castor oil, and olive oil. The optimization results showed that the optimum formulation contained 23.4% beeswax, 3.3% carnauba wax, 3.3% candelilla wax, 20% shea butter, 40% castor oil, 10% olive oil, 0.1% BHT, 0.5% phenoxyethanol, and 0.5% geranium essential oil, with predicted melting point and hardness values of 65.77 °C and 393.83 g, respectively. The optimum formulation produced a homogeneous lip balm with a yellowish-white color and a characteristic geranium aroma without rancid odor. The pH value of the formulation was 5.0, which was within the physiological pH range of the lips. The melting point and hardness values were 66.67±0.29 °C and 406.67±5.77 g, respectively, meeting the physical quality requirements for lip balm preparations. Stability testing over three cycles showed no changes in texture, color, or aroma. Therefore, the geranium essential oil lip balm fulfilled the physical quality and stability requirements for cosmetic preparations. Abstrak. Cheilitis angular merupakan lesi pada sudut bibir yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi jamur Candida albicans. Minyak atsiri geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) diketahui memiliki potensi antijamur sehingga berpeluang dikembangkan dalam sediaan lip balm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formula optimum lip balm mengandung minyak atsiri geranium serta mengevaluasi mutu fisik dan stabilitas sediaannya menggunakan metode D-optimal mixture design. Basis lip balm diformulasikan dari kombinasi beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, shea butter, castor oil, dan olive oil. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan formula optimum terdiri atas beeswax 23,4%, carnauba wax 3,3%, candelilla wax 3,3%, shea butter 20%, castor oil 40%, olive oil 10%, BHT 0,1%, fenoksietanol 0,5%, dan minyak atsiri geranium 0,5% yang diprediksi memiliki titik leleh sebesar 65,77 °C dan kekerasan sebesar 393,83 g. Formula optimum menghasilkan sediaan yang homogen, berwarna putih kekuningan, dan memiliki aroma khas geranium tanpa bau tengik. Nilai pH sediaan sebesar 5,0 berada dalam rentang fisiologis kulit bibir. Titik leleh sediaan sebesar 66,67±0,29 °C dan nilai kekerasan sebesar 406,67±5,77 g memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik lip balm. Uji stabilitas selama tiga siklus menunjukkan tidak adanya perubahan tekstur, warna, maupun aroma sediaan. Dengan demikian, sediaan lip balm minyak atsiri geranium memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik dan stabilitas sediaan kosmetik.

Tingkat Kepatuhan Pengguna Obat Anti Tuberculosis di Rumah Sakit Umum Pindad Turen Periode Agustus-September 2025 Misgiati; Siti Rahmawati; Eka Putri Radotul Jannah
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.9252

Abstract. Tuberculosis remains a global health problem, including in Indonesia. Adherence to anti-tuberculosis medication is essential to achieve cure and prevent drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the level of adherence to anti-tuberculosis medication among patients at Pindad Turen General Hospital period august – september 2025. The research used a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using the MMAS-8 questionnaire from 36 respondents and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 0% of respondents had high adherence, 64% had moderate adherence, and 36% had low adherence. The main factors contributing to non-adherence were treatment fatigue and forgetfulness in taking medication. Conclusion: The majority of tuberculosis patients at Pindad Turen General Hospital had moderate (64%) or low (36%) medication adherence, with no patients (0%) showing high adherence. Non-adherence was caused by boredom with the routine treatment schedule and occasional forgetfulness due to daily activities. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the hospital in designing digital reminder strategies and optimizing the role of Medication Intake Supervisors (PMO). The strength of this research lies in its focus on examining patients’ treatment fatigue and daily behavior, rather than only looking at static demographic factors such as age or distance from home. Abstrak. Penyakit tuberkulosis masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global termasuk di Indonesia. Kepatuhan penggunaan obat anti tuberkulosis sangat penting untuk mencapai kesembuhan dan mencegah resistensi obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan obat anti tuberkulosis di RSU Pindad Turen periode agustus – september 2025. Metode penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8 dari 36 responden dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan 0% responden patuh tinggi, 64% patuh sedang, dan 36% patuh rendah. Faktor utama ketidakpatuhan adalah kejenuhan jadwal pengobatan dan lupa minum obat. Kesimpulan: Kepatuhan minum obat pasien tuberkulosis di RSU Pindad Turen mayoritas berada di kategori sedang (64%) dan rendah (36%), tanpa ada pasien berkepatuhan tinggi (0%). Ketidakpatuhan ini disebabkan oleh rasa jenuh terhadap jadwal rutin dan faktor "terkadang lupa" di tengah kesibukan harian. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi rumah sakit untuk merancang strategi pengingat digital serta mengoptimalkan peran Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO). Keunggulan penelitian ini terletak pada fokusnya yang berhasil membahas rasa jenuh pasien karena berobat terus menerus dan perilaku harian pasien, bukan sekadar melihat faktor demografi statis seperti usia atau jarak rumah.

Analisis In Silico Penghambatan Pancreatic dan Gastric Triacylglycerol Lipase oleh Senyawa dalam Daun Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd) Esti Mulatsari; Yati Sumiyati; Joti
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.9791

Abstract. Obesity is a condition where there is excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat which can have bad effects on health. An increase in the prevalence of obesity is always accompanied by an increase in the risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, osteoarthritis, GERD, PCOS, and metabolic dysfunction. This research aims to determine the bioactive compounds of pohpohan leaves which have anti-obesity activity by inhibiting pancreatic and gastric triacylglycerol lipase, determine the interactions of the amino acids involved and predict absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET). Research methods using molecular docking with applications and websites include: Pubchem, DrugBank, PDB, DUD E, Molegro Virtual Docker, Chemdraw, pymol, pkCSM, and SPSS. The docking process was carried out on 47 test compounds contained in pohpohan leaves and a comparison compound, orlistat, using a validated docking protocol. The results of the research obtained 5 bioactive compounds from pohohan leaves (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.) which were predicted to have anti-obesity activity by iinhibiting pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase, and were predicted to have good absorption, distribution, metabolism, toxicity (ADMET), namely alpha tocopherol , luteolin, myricetin, quersetin, and kaempferol. Abstrak. Obesitas adalah suatu kondisi adanya akumulasi lemak yang berlebih atau abnormal yang dapat menimbulkan efek buruk bagi kesehatan. Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas selalu diikuti peningkatkan resiko ateroklerosis, hipertensi, dislipidemia, hiperglikemia, osteoartritis, GERD, PCOS, dan disfungsi metabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa bioaktif daun pohpohan yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiobesitas dengan menginhibisi pancreatic dan gastric triacylglycerol lipase , mengetahui interaksi asam amino yang terlibat dan memprediksi absorpsi, distribusi, metabolisme, ekskresi, dan toksisitas (ADMET). Metode penelitian menggunakan molekular docking dengan aplikasi dan website antara lain : Pubchem, DrugBank, PDB, DUD E, Molegro Virtual Docker, Chemdraw, pymol, pkCSM, dan SPSS. Proses docking dilakukan pada 47 senyawa uji yaitu senyawa yang terkandung dalam daun pohpohan dan senyawa pembanding yaitu orlistat menggunakan protokol docking tervalidasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 5 senyawa bioaktif daun pohohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.) yang diprediksi memiliki aktivitas antiobesitas dengan menginhibisi pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase, serta diprediksi memiliki absopsi, distribusi, metabolisme, toksisitas (ADMET) yang baik, yaitu alpha tocopherol, luteolin, myricetin, quersetin, dan kaempferol.

Trends in Polymer-Based Beads for Tablet Applications: A Bibliometric Study Viviane Annisa
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.9815

Bead technology has emerged as a novel drug delivery system in tablet formulations due to its ability to facilitate controlled release, improve drug solubility, and enhance bioavailability. This study aims to explore the research landscape regarding the use of beads in tablet formulations through a bibliometric analysis. A systematic review was conducted on 127 articles extracted from the Scopus database (2014–2024) using the keywords "bead," "tablet," and "drug". VOSviewer software was employed to visualize keyword co-occurrences and identify prevailing research trends. The analysis categorized the literature into four thematic clusters: (1) testing methodologies for beads, (2) in vivo and pharmacokinetic studies, (3) types of polymers utilized, and (4) derivative pharmaceutical dosage forms. India, the United States, and Egypt were identified as the leading contributors to this field. Research on bead applications in tablets is rapidly evolving. Future directions are shifting toward personalized medicine and the integration of nanotechnology, highlighting the necessity for ongoing investigation to address clinical translation and regulatory challenges.

Analisis Resistensi Antibiotik di Lingkungan Akuatik Sekitar Peternakan X Margawati Garut, Jawa Barat Laelatul Nisa; Shendi Suryana; Raden Aldizal Mahendra Rizkio Syamsudin
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.10059

Abstract. Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem due to the irrational use of antibiotics, including as antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in livestock. Around Farm X in Margawati Village, Garut Regency, antibiotic use has the potential to trigger the emergence of resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. Previous research in the Cimanuk River, Garut, also reported the discovery of Escherichia coli isolates resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, and tetracycline. The purpose of this study was to identify Gram-negative bacteria and analyze their resistance to several antibiotics. The study was conducted quantitatively with a laboratory experimental approach on four aquatic samples consisting of two well water samples, one sewer water sample, and one wastewater sample. Isolation using Plate Count Agar, Blood Agar Plate, and MacConkey Agar, identification and resistance testing were carried out using the BD Phoenix™ M50 system against 21 antibiotics. The results showed that all aquatic samples contained Gram-negative bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of two isolates from well water showed resistance to antibiotics. A. hydrophila isolates were resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanate, ampicillin, cefazolin, and imipenem, while E. coli was resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Meanwhile, isolates from sewer and wastewater remained sensitive to all tested antibiotics. This indicates that well water has the potential to be a reservoir of resistant bacteria that pose a risk to public health. Abstrak. Resistensi antibiotik merupakan masalah kesehatan global akibat penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional, termasuk sebagai antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) pada peternakan. Di sekitar Peternakan X Desa Margawati, Kabupaten Garut, penggunaan antibiotik berpotensi memicu munculnya bakteri resisten di lingkungan akuatik. Penelitian sebelumnya di Sungai Cimanuk, Garut, juga melaporkan ditemukan isolat Escherichia coli yang resisten terhadap ampisillin, piperasillin, dan tetrasiklin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri Gram-negatif dan menganalisis resistensi terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimental laboratorium terhadap empat sampel akuatik yang terdiri dari dua sampel air sumur, satu sampel air selokan, dan satu sampel air limbah. Isolasi menggunakan Plate Count Agar, Blood Agar Plate, dan MacConkey Agar, identifikasi serta uji resistensi dilakukan dengan sistem BD Phoenix™ M50 terhadap 21 antibiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh sampel akuatik mengandung bakteri Gram-negatif, yaitu Escherichia coli dan Aeromonas hydrophila. Sebanyak dua isolat yang berasal dari air sumur menunjukkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Isolat A. hydrophila resisten terhadap amoksisilin–klavulanat, ampisilin, sefazolin, dan imipenem, sedangkan E. coli resisten terhadap ampisilin, piperasilin, dan trimetoprim–sulfametoksazol. Sedangkan isolat dari air selokan dan air limbah masih sensitif terhadap seluruh antibiotik yang diuji. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa air sumur berpotensi menjadi reservoir bakteri resisten yang berisiko bagi kesehatan masyarakat.

Profil Pengobatan Berbasis Karboplatin-Paklitaksel pada Pasien NSCLC stadium IV di suatu RS khusus Paru Periode 2023-2024 Eliza Noufal Utami; Bambang Tri Laksono; Andrian Hoerul Anwar
Jurnal Riset Farmasi Volume 6, No. 1, Juli 2026, Jurnal Riset Farmasi (JRF)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrf.v6i1.10086

Abstract. Advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major clinical challenge, as most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and require systemic therapy. Platinum-based chemotherapy, particularly the carboplatin–paclitaxel combination, is still widely used in clinical practice, especially in patients without actionable target mutations. This study aimed to describe patient demographic characteristics and the chemotherapy treatment profile of carboplatin–paclitaxel–based therapy in stage IV NSCLC patients at a specialized lung hospital during the 2023–2024 period. This study employed an observational retrospective design using secondary data obtained from medical records. A total of 135 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The results showed that most patients were male (72.59%), with the largest age group being 56–65 years (49.63%). The majority of patients were from informal employment backgrounds and presented with advanced clinical conditions, commonly accompanied by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (52.6%). All patients received carboplatin–paclitaxel chemotherapy administered intravenously at 21-day intervals, while the use of targeted therapy was limited. These findings indicate that platinum-based chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for stage IV NSCLC in routine clinical practice at specialized lung hospitals. Abstrak. Kanker paru non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stadium IV masih menjadi permasalahan klinis utama karena sebagian besar pasien terdiagnosis pada stadium lanjut dan memerlukan terapi sistemik. Kemoterapi berbasis platinum, khususnya kombinasi karboplatin–paklitaksel, masih banyak digunakan dalam praktik klinis, terutama pada pasien tanpa mutasi target yang dapat diterapi secara spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik demografi pasien serta profil pengobatan kemoterapi berbasis karboplatin–paklitaksel pada pasien NSCLC stadium IV di suatu rumah sakit khusus paru periode 2023–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif memanfaatkan data sekunder dari rekam medis. Sebanyak 135 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dilibatkan dalam analisis., menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 135 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (72,59%) dengan kelompok usia terbanyak pada rentang 56–65 tahun (49,63%). Sebagian besar pasien berasal dari kelompok pekerjaan informal dan datang dengan kondisi klinis yang sudah lanjut, disertai penyakit penyerta terbanyak berupa penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (52,6%). Seluruh pasien menerima kemoterapi kombinasi karboplatin dan paklitaksel dengan rute intravena dan interval setiap 21 hari, sementara penggunaan terapi target relatif rendah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemoterapi berbasis platinum masih menjadi tulang punggung pengobatan NSCLC stadium IV dalam praktik klinis di rumah sakit khusus paru.

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Contact Name
Taufik Muhammad Fakih

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uptpublikasi@unisba.ac.id

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+6285294008040

Journal Mail Official
jrf@unisba.ac.id

Editorial Address
UPT Publikasi Ilmiah lantai 4, Rektorat Unisba, Jln Tamansari No.20, 40116

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Contact Email uptpublikasi@unisba.ac.id

Phone +6285294008040

Journal Mail Official jrf@unisba.ac.id

Editorial Address UPT Publikasi Ilmiah lantai 4, Rektorat Unisba, Jln Tamansari No.20, 40116

Location Kota bandung, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Contact Email
uptpublikasi@unisba.ac.id

Phone
+6285294008040

Journal Mail Official
jrf@unisba.ac.id

Editorial Address
UPT Publikasi Ilmiah lantai 4, Rektorat Unisba, Jln Tamansari No.20, 40116

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA