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Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23031816     EISSN : 25032356     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53638/
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
ublic Health and Preventive Medicine Archive (PHPMA) is an open access, peer reviewed journal published by Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Issues covered in the journal are as the following: Environmental and occupational health Field and Clinical Epidemiology Global health Health policy analysis Health promotion Health systems and health care management Maternal and child health Program monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV related issues Travel health and health tourism Population and family planning Disaster management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 310 Documents
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Survival analysis of cervical cancer patients at Wangaya Hospital, Bali Province, Indonesia Agnes Agatha Renaningtyas Itu; Putu Cintya Denny Yuliyatni
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i2.p01

Abstract

Background and purpose: In Indonesia, cervical cancer has the second-highest prevalence of cancer cases after breast cancer. This study aims to determine the survival rate and to explore factors that affect the survival of cervical cancer patients at Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The samples were 165 cervical cancer patients who started therapy at Wangaya Hospital between 2016 – 2021 and met the research criteria. The variables retrieved from medical record were age, employment status, marital status, education level, parity, stage of cancer, type of treatment, comorbidities and time to event of death. Data were analyzed using Kaplan Meier, Log-rank test, and Cox Proportional Hazard. Results: The result shows the cervical cancer survival rate during the period of study is 67.27% with the average of follow up time was 38.4 months and a mortality rate was 7.2/1000 person months (IR=0.007). From a total of 165 patients who were sampled, 54 patients died (32.73%). Based on the results of the Cox Proportional Hazard model, it was found that the factors significantly affected the death of cervical cancer patients at Wangaya Denpasar Hospital were older age (HR=1.06; 95%CI: 1.03–1.08; p<0.001), patients who were employed (HR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.24–4.33; p=0.008), at stage 1 cancer (HR=3.94; 95%CI: 1.07–14.49; p=0.039), stage 2 (HR=5.86; 95%CI: 1.50–22.78; p=0.011), stage 3 (HR=11.73; 95%CI: 3.15-43.56; p<0.001), stage 4 (HR=18.95; 95%CI: 4.33-82.91; p<0.001) and had comorbidities (HR=2.11; 95%CI: 1.12-3.99; p=0.021). Conclusion: The survival of cervical cancer patients at Wangaya Hospital is quite good and needs to be improved. To increase patient survival, appropriate treatment is needed, especially in patients who have comorbidities and older age. Screening efforts also need to be improved to find cases at earlier stages.  
Effects of yoga exercise in reducing the risk of knee osteoarthritis and fibulin-3 levels among overweight population: a randomized controlled trial Wahyuni, Nila; Adiatmika, I Putu Gede; Vittala, Govinda; Nova Mahendra, Agung
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i2.p04

Abstract

Background and purpose: One of the main risk factors for knee osteoarthritis is overweight. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of yoga exercise in reducing the risk of knee osteoarthritis and fibulin-3 levels in overweight populations. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial involving 24 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: group one was given yoga exercise intervention and group two was given neuromuscular coordination exercise as the control group. Risk of knee osteoarthritis measurements were carried out using The Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Fibulin-3 measurement used ELISA technique using human fibulin-3 kit, FBLN3 BT-LABkit 96T E4667Hu. Results: Participants of both groups were comparable, except for age where the control group is slightly older. Pre and post-test comparison showed improvement in pain, stiffness, physical function, total WOMAC score, and fibulin-3 levels in both groups. While, the post-test comparison between the two groups showed that yoga group has better scores on all indicators compared to the control groups which was statistically significant (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Both interventions are effective in reducing the risk of knee osteoarthritis and fibulin-3 levels, but yoga showed better result. We recommend yoga training to reduce the risk of knee osteoarthritis compared to conventional training. Future research is needed to measure other knee osteoarthritis biomarkers that describe the pathological process of knee osteoarthritis.
Integrated primary care using a life course approach for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases: Indonesia’s perspective Sutarsa, I Nyoman; Nopiyani, Ni Made Sri
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i1.p00

Abstract

An integrated primary care using a life course approach for preventing and controlling NCDs in Indonesia is the right policy decision. It strives to be holistic, addressing NCDs with a long-term vision across the critical stages where modifications can be made to minimise risks of developing NCDs. This policy direction is inherently complex mandating multi-sectoral and/or inter-sectoral approaches, as well as multi-disciplinary teams. Additionally, existing evidence suggests the intricate connections between health, social, economic, and environmental across the lifespan7. Taking a life course approach also means the governments must extend the NCD prevention and control measures beyond health sector alone. This means that effective implementation of an integrated primary care using a life course approach require long-term strategies to strengthening multi-sectoral partnerships to promote a life course approach across all government sectors and community systems.
Family smoking behavior and stunting among children in rural areas of Sleman, Yogyakarta: A case-control study Panggabean, Eva Rortiana; Deta, Elisabeth; Yuningrum, Hesti; Trisnowati, Heni
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i2.p10

Abstract

Background and purpose: Stunting is one of the public health concerns in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting among children under five in Kalasan Sub-district, Sleman District, Yogyakarta was high at 17.01%. One of the significant predictors of stunting is parental/family smoking behavior. This study aims to portray the smoking behavior of family members and its association with stunting. Methods: We used a quantitative method with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Tamanmartani Village, one area with a high incidence of stunting. The cases were 45 children under five years with stunting based on the public health center’s data and 45 children with normal nutritional status were selected as control. The data was collected by structured interviews using an online questionnaire which included children’s and mother’s characteristics, and smoking behavior among family members. Data was then analyzed descriptively and a Chi-square test was performed to assess the association between variables and stunting. Results: Children who experience stunting are mostly at the age of 24-35 months (35.6%), female (53.3%) and with family income below minimum wages (62.2%). The smoking behavior among the family was slightly higher among cases (66.7%) than controls (64.4%). Most smoking family members in both groups were smoking outside the house. There was no statistically significant association between all variables with stunting, however, we found a potential association between the father’s smoking, type of cigarette, and higher spending on cigarettes with stunting. Conclusion: Smoking among family members was high in both groups, and smoking among fathers is a potential predictor of stunting. Health promotion strategies to reduce smoking habits, smoke-free home innovations, and cessation services should be conducted to reduce and prevent stunting and to improve health.
Mothers’perceptions and exposure to information associated with the acceptance of children’s tuberculosis prevention therapy in Bali Indonesia I Made Arta; Sawitri, Anak Agung Sagung; Ni Ketut Sutiari
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i2.p02

Abstract

Background and purpose: Children face risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection within households where an index case is present. TB prevention therapy (TPT) for children is a recommended measures to provide protection against TB. This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal perceptions and the information exposure received by mothers with the acceptance of TPT for toddlers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Badung District, Bali Province, using the register of tuberculosis patients from 2018-2019 as the sampling frame. A systematic random selection yielded 138 mothers with eligible criteria out of 226 children. Home interviews was conducted with mothers regarding maternal characteristics, knowledge, toddlers’ characteristics, perceptions, information exposure, and acceptance of TPT for their children. The relationship between acceptance of TPT and perceptions, information, and other variables was tested using Chi-square test, followed by multivariable analysis using forward logistic regression. Results: The majority of mothers were aged 30-39 years (57.8%), had completed high school (43.5%), unemployed (43.5%), resided in the Kuta sub-district (23.9%), and had ≤2 living children (73.2%). About 19.2% of mothers accepted TPT for their children. The acceptance of TPT for children was significantly associated with information sources from health worker (aOR=26.70; 95%CI: 1.25-569.38), the presence of ≥2 family members with TB (aOR=14.29; 95%CI: 1.22-166.68), duration of child care by the index case ≥8 hours/day (aOR=10.04; 95%CI: 2.05-49.26), receiving complete information (aOR=9.01; 95%CI: 1.64-49.64), and perceiving minimal barriers (aOR=4.08: 95%CI: 1.22-13.62). Conclusion: Adequate information exposure, longer duration of care by TB patients, and low perceived barriers contribute to the acceptance of TPT for children. Education to parent is essential to improve acceptance to TPT.
Acceptance strategy of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for female sex workers in Badung, Bali, Indonesia Putri Pratiwi, Ni Putu; Ani, Luh Sri; Sutarsa, I Nyoman
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2024.v12.i1.p06

Abstract

Background and purpose: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is aimed to prevent the transmission of HIV infection. The use of PrEP by female sex workers (FSWs) in Badung District, Bali Province was relatively low. This study explores critical strategies to increase the acceptance of HIV PrEP program by FSWs in Badung District, Bali, Indonesia.  Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Badung District. This study involved 16 purposively selected informants consisting of 5 FSWs who had used PrEP, 5 FSWs who had not and 6 stakeholders whom involved in the PrEP implementation. Data was collected using in-depth interviews which include: strategies for strengthening self-confidence, social support, effectiveness of PrEP implementation, and accessibility of health services. Data was analyzed using a thematic approach.  Results: The research highlights several key strategies to enhance the acceptance of PrEP including strengthening self-efficacy, empowering individuals with the confidence and skills to utilize PrEP effectively, bolstering of social support networks by reducing stigma and fostering a supportive environment. The effectiveness of PrEP program implementation is crucial by ensuring well-structured, responsive, and capability to meet the population needs. Finally, improving service accessibility is crucial, as it removes barriers to obtaining PrEP. Together, these strategies form a comprehensive framework for improving PrEP acceptance.  Conclusion: To increase PrEP acceptance among FSWs, the primary strategy that needs to be implemented is strengthening the service sector. For this reason, it is suggested that the health office carry out outreach and increase access to health services and assistance.  
The Evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage for school aged girls in Badung District, Bali, Indonesia, 2016 – 2018 Yuliyatni, Putu Cintya Denny; Sawitri, Anak Agung Sagung; I Gusti Agung Alit Naya; Mego Windyningtyas; Ni Kade Erveni; I Nyoman Sutarsa
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2024.v12.i1.p02

Abstract

Background and purpose: Since 2016, Badung District, Bali has implemented a free HPV vaccination program for school children, with vaccination coverage reported to be over 90% in 2016-2018. This study aims to objectively assess the coverage of HPV vaccination among school children in Badung District. Methods: This survey used a cross-sectional design that conducted between March and June 2019. Sample selection was done by systematic random sampling, following the WHO guidelines. A total of 216 families met the sample criteria, with a total of 249 children from all families. Respondents in this study were eligible girls' mothers or families who knew the child's vaccination history. Variables of this study were sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and children, HPV vaccination recall and HPV child vaccination validation. The data collected were analyzed descriptively to calculate the coverage of recall and validation of HPV vaccination. Results: The majority of respondents were mothers (70.83%) with a high school education (51.85%). The median age was 43 years (IQR=8 years). Each family had a mean of 1.15 eligible children (SD=0.39). Of the 249 children, most were aged 16-19 years (43.37%), with age at vaccination mostly ≤12 years (46.52%). HPV vaccination coverage by recall was 82.32% (95%CI: 77.56-87.09), with HPV vaccination coverage by validation was 76.59% (95%CI: 70.74-82.43). Conclusion: After validation, vaccination coverage was lower than vaccination coverage by recall. The health office needs to improve the vaccination registration system, in particular the uniformity of registration and record keeping to ensure proper traceability of vaccination history.
Body image perception is associated with nutritional status of adolescent girls: A cross-sectional study in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia I Gusti Ayu Komang Widiastuti; Ni Ketut Sutiari; Luh Seri Ani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i2.p07

Abstract

Background and purpose: Adolescent psychopathological conditions influence body image perception which can lead to eating disorders, resulting in nutritional and health problems The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between body image perception, eating disorders, and the nutritional status of adolescent girls. Methods: This is a quantitative observational study using a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 8 Denpasar and SMP Raj Yamuna in 2022 involving 90 students. Data collected included characteristics, body image perception, eating disorders, weight, and height. Data collection instruments included questionnaire, Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) for body image perception, anthropometric measurement tools and the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS). The data was analysed including descriptive analysis and Chi-square test. Results: The respondents were aged between 12–15 years, with the highest proportion was age 13 years at 42.2%. The majority of adolescent girls (44.8%) were in grade VIII. More than half (54.4%) tend to have a positive body image perception, whilst the majority experienced eating disorders at 86.7%, and had normal nutritional status at 75.6%. Body image perception associated with nutritional status of adolescent girls (OR=4.587; 95%CI: 1.589-13.237; p=0.003). Conclusion: Body image perception is related to the nutritional status of adolescent girls in Denpasar. Therefore, peer counselors are needed to improve adolescent communication, including promoting nutritional action messages through appealing social media approaches. Then, interventions at school are also needed including to define the role of peer supports.
Association of parental feeding styles and the nutritional status of children ages 2 to 5 years in Jember, East Java, Indonesia Marchianti, Ancah Caesarina Novi; Rachmawati, Dwita Aryadina; Astuti, Ida Srisurani Wiji; Raharjo, Angga Mardro; Kusuma, Irawan Fajar; Sudarmanto, Yohanes; Hakiim, Arsyzilma; Nurmaida, Eny
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2024.v12.i1.p07

Abstract

Background and purpose: There is a great deal of mythical erroneous information regarding children's nutrition that can affect styles of parental feeding. If it is left uncontrolled, it may influence the nutritional status that led to malnutrition. The purpose of this study is to determine association between styles of parental feeding and nutritional status of children ages of 2 to 5 years old.  Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in November-December 2023 in Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Samples were 244 mothers who were selected purposively and satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected with interview which include parents’ and children’s characteristics, the feeding practices using a validated structured questionnaire (FPSQ-28), and children nutritional status. Descriptive analysis followed by correlation analysis were performed. Results: Most parents earn more than IDR 2,000,000 and work as self-employed, whereas more than half of the respondents, both fathers and mothers, had at least a high school education, and the majority of height in both were 150-170 cm with normal body mass index. There is a weak positive association between the styles of parental feeding with the body weight for age (r=0.183; p=0.040) while no significant association with body weight for height (r=0.08; p=0.216). Conclusion: Styles of parental feeding affected children's feeding and nutritional status, particularly when it comes to chronic conditions and in order to maintain children's nutrition or balanced nutrition, it is necessary to conduct education and evaluation of parental feeding styles.    
Vision 2030 and World AIDS Day 2023: Empowering Communities in HIV Research and Policy in Indonesia Pande Putu Januraga
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2023.v11.i2.p00

Abstract

Notable challenges and accomplishments have characterized Indonesia's efforts in combating HIV AIDS. As of 2022, it is estimated that 546,573 people are living with HIV in the country, with new infections totaling 24,223 in the same year. Recent data shows a decrease in new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths. However, there remains a concerning steady rate of new infections within the men who have sex with men(MSM) population.1 Although there have been improvements in Indonesia's HIV care cascade, particularly in achieving the first target of the 95-95-95 goals, challenges persist. In 2022, only 42% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their status and were on HIV treatment, and a mere 15% of those on treatment achieved viral suppression.2 These figures highlight the necessity for strategies that are specifically tailored to meet the unique needs of different communities within the HIV AIDS landscape in Indonesia.

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