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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 7, No. 4" : 8 Documents clear
A Mini Review : Clinically Significant Potential Drug-Drug Interactions In COVID-19 and Comorbid Therapy Faizah, Ana Khusnul; Nurrahman, Nani Wijayanti Dyah; Putra, Oki Nugraha
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and can be aggravated by comorbid diseases. In administering COVID-19 therapy, we need to consider potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) with comorbid drugs. Most patients with comorbid diseases get polypharmacy, therefore the risk of pDDIs increases. Potential drug-drug interactions can cause unwanted effects such as toxicity to death. There is no on-label therapy for COVID-19 but FDA has Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir. Some COVID-19 treatment potential drug-drug interactions have a level of severity C and D, so there is a high need for close monitoring during drug administration or modification therapy.
SARS-CoV-2: Virology and Drug Repurposing Approaches Rahmasari, Ratika; Setiawan, Heri; Syahdi, Rezi Riadhi; Arifianti, Ayun; Irianti, Marina Ika; Sauriasari, Rani; Makau, Juliann Nzembi; Raekiansyah, Muhareva
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

An emerging coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent for the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caused a worldwide social and economic disruption. Currently, no antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy, or vaccines for its prevention. Therefore, to combat the pandemic of this novel coronavirus, new effective treatments are urgently needed. In the process of traditional drug development, developing new drugs from scratch is a time- consuming process, requires high-investment, and is a high-risk process, which is impractical to face the immediate global challenge of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Drug repurposing strategy is one of the effective ways to quickly find a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 Existing medicines, which already have been tested and proven safe in humans might work for COVID-19 offering a potentially faster approach for the disease management. Here, we review h the latest research progress in epidemiology, viral genome, and life cycles of SARS-CoV-2. Further, we describe and discuss some promising drugs repurposed to target SARS-CoV-2 that are being evaluated in clinical trials.
Remdesivir: Mechanism and Effectiveness for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Neldi, Vina; Suharjono, Suharjono
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very serious health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) has characterized this disease as a pandemic. Recommendations related to vaccines and drugs are not available yet because they are still in the clinical trial phase, and one of the superior drugs is remdesivir which has an antiviral activity. Several clinical trials of this drug are being carried out with the aim of evaluating its safety and efficacy in COVID-19 patients. There are two clinical trials with completed recruitment status, which are NCT04257656 and NCT04280705. NCT04257656 showed that remdesivir had faster time for clinical improvement in severe COVID-19 patients compared to placebo although it was not found to be statistically significant. Moreover, NCT04280705 showed that remdesivir was superior compared to placebo in shortening the recovery time in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. Gilead Sciences is also conducting clinical trials on this drug, and WHO has also conducted a solidarity trial and INSERM DisCoVery trials on remdesivir. Based on two clinical trials completed, satisfactory results are shown in patients with remdesivir therapy compared with patients who received placebo, although it is very important to wait for the results of other ongoing clinical trials to strengthen the evidence of the safety and efficacy of this drug.
Chloroquine: An Old to be Repurposed Drug For COVID-19 Infection (Risk and Benefit) Putra, Oki Nugraha; Faizah, Ana Khusnul; Nurrahman, Nani Wijayanti Dyah; Hardiyono, Hardiyono
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a high rate of mortality. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been used for antimalarial and autoimmune diseases for many years. Due to low toxicity and well tolerability as well as immunomodulatory properties, these drugs are proposed to treat viral infection. Some studies, both in vitro and in a clinical setting, have been evaluated for their ability to treat SARS- CoV-2 as promising therapies. Although The National Agency of Drugs and Food Control of The Republic of Indonesia issued emergency authorization for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to be used against COVID-19 infection, the efficacy of these drugs is still based on small clinical non- randomized trials with a limited number of patients. However, the use of these drugs without any risks. The safety of these drugs to be used in COVID-19 patients is lacking. Some experts noticed that the drugs cause harmful adverse effects, especially a harmful QT prolongation. In Indonesia, until now, no study evaluates the effectiveness as well as the safety of these drugs to be used in COVID-19 infection. This article will discuss the role of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and its safety to be used against COVID-19 infection.
Dermaseptin-Based Antiviral Peptides to Prevent COVID-19 through In Silico Molecular Docking Studies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Fakih, Taufik Muhammad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The search for new drugs, especially by utilizing antiviral peptides is a very potential area. Through this study, protein-peptide docking and protein-protein docking simulations were conducted using in silico methods to identify, evaluate, and explore the molecular affinity and interaction of dermaseptin peptide molecules produced by frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein macromolecule, and its effect on attachment to the surface of the ACE-2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2) receptor. Protein-peptide docking simulation results show that dermaseptin-S9 peptide molecule has the best affinity to the active site of SARS- CoV-2 spike protein macromolecule binding site, with a binding free energy value of −792.93 kJ/mol. Then the results of protein-protein docking simulations proved that dermaseptin-S9 peptide molecule was able to prevent the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the surface of the ACE-2 receptor, with a total energy value of 517.85 kJ/mol. Therefore, it is hoped that dermaseptin-S9 peptide molecule can be further studied in the development of novel antiviral peptide candidates for the control of COVID-19 infectious disease.
The Potential Roles of Jamu for COVID-19: A Learn from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hartanti, Dwi; Dhiani, Binar Asrining; Charisma, Shintia Lintang; Wahyuningrum, Retno
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

As the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues while there is no drug and vaccine available, every effort to discover one should be considered. This review aimed to discuss the potential use of jamu, the Indonesian traditional herbal medicine, to deal with COVID-19 by following those of more-established traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The online literature search using the PubMed database, as well as the circulars from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, were carried out to collect data up to June 07, 2020. The use of TCM for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 has been officiated in the Chinese National Clinical Guideline on COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia, with shen-fu-tang + su-he-xiang pill and xiang-sha-liu-junzi- tang as the most frequently suggested formulae to treat severe and recovery stages of COVID-19, respectively. In Indonesia, the highly promoted product for the prevention of this disease is likely the adaptation of a TCM formula, while the use of some other formulae, which mainly containing Zingiberaceae, is suggested by the Government for the said purpose. The rationalization of the use of medicinal plants and suggested polyherbal formulae, based on their available pharmacological activity and the bioactive compounds, is also discussed in this review. The use of jamu for COVID-19, however, needs to be carefully considered for the limited scientific data available to support it.
Prediction of Asiatic Acid Derivatives Affinity Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Using Molecular Docking Musfiroh, Ida; Resti Azura, Alia; Rahayu, Driyanti
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

COVID-19 is a pandemic that currently occurs in almost all parts of the world, caused by a new coronavirus species that can infect humans, namely SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is no effective drug to treat COVID-19. There are studies proving that the secondary metabolites of pentacyclic triterpenes have antiviral activity, one of which is asiatic acid. The aims of this study are to obtain the affinity and interactions of asiatic acid derivative structures in inhibiting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. The research method was molecular docking of asiatic acid and its derivatives against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (6LU7) consisting of ligand and receptor preparation, identification of active site, and molecular docking simulation. The results of this study indicate that asiatic acid derivative AA9 has the best affinity in inhibiting the main protease of SARS- CoV-2 with binding free energy value (∆G) of -9.90 kcal/mol, compared with favipiravir which has ∆G value of -4.58 kcal/mol. AA9 also has an interaction with the main protease of SARS- CoV-2 through hydrogen bonds with Gly143. This present study showed that asiatic acid and its derivatives have a higher binding affinities to SARS-CoV-2 main protease compared to favipiravir.
Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: An Overview, Mechanism, Treatment Strategies, and Stem Cell Therapy Perspective Azmi, Nuriza Ulul; Puteri, Meidi Utami; Lukmanto, Donny
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 7, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the disease caused by the highly transmittable novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The disease was found at the end of December 2019, in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread worldwide with a higher mortality rate compared to the previous coronavirus disease. Cytokine plays an important role in the inflammatory response against coronavirus infection. However, in severely ill patients with COVID-19, an excessive amount of cytokine serum level (cytokine storm) has been associated with the aggravation of coronavirus disease leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, the management of the cytokine storm could be the key to stop COVID-19 progression. This article reviews an overview related to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, mechanism and prospective treatment strategies for cytokine storm in COVID-19, and a viewpoint of stem cells perspective. The purpose is to provide some information that could be useful for future guidelines in the clinical management of COVID-19.

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