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International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
Published by CV. Inara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2808845X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) e- ISSN : 2808-845X is a communication media and scientific publication in the health and pharmaceutical fields published by Inara Publisher. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) contains articles from research focusing on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, preventive medicine (social medicine), pharmacy, and other medical fields. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) is published periodically four times a year (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 539 Documents
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Hipotiroid Kongenital Bagus Eka Utama Wija, Ida; Handayani Tampubolon, Christine
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.611

Abstract

Congenital hypothyroidism (HK) is the most common congenital endocrine disorder in children and is the most common cause of preventable mental retradation. The disorder is caused by the absence of thyroid hormones in the womb and is not needed early can cause severe mental retardation. Clinical manifestations in neonates are not specific, but manifestations obtained after birth consist of gestational age> 42 weeks, BBL> 4kg jaundice> 3 days after birth, edema, umbilical hernia, macroglossia, acrocyanosis. The diagnosis can be made for thyroid screening. Thyroid screening in neonates is carried out before being discharged from the hospital, from the 2nd to 4th day of the baby's age, by checking TSH and T4 levels. The dose of the thyroxine hormone is adjusted to the baby's age and also the baby's body weight.
Parental Education on Hidden Sugars: A Preventive Strategy Against Childhood Diabetes Astuti, Yoni
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.612

Abstract

Introduction:The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes in children is a growing public health concern, often linked to excessive consumption of sugar-rich, energy-dense foods. Many of these contain hidden sugars not easily recognized by consumers. As children are especially drawn to sweet tastes, early dietary habits can significantly impact long-term health. Parental knowledge is essential in guiding healthier food choices and preventing early exposure to diabetes risk. This study aimed to enhance parental awareness of dietary sugar intake and its potential role in childhood diabetes. Methods:A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a health education intervention. The program included a structured lecture and interactive discussion focusing on hidden sugars and diabetes risk. Knowledge was measured using a validated questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and correlation analysis.Results: The mean knowledge score increased from 7.87 ± 2.03 to 9.65 ± 1.38 (p < 0.001; 99% CI), reflecting a 22.54% improvement. The intervention significantly enhanced parental understanding of hidden sugars.Conclusions: The educational intervention effectively increased parental knowledge regarding hidden sugars and diabetes risk in children. Similar health education programs should be implemented at the community and school levels to support broader diabetes prevention efforts in children.
Ferritin in Stunting Ernest Jonas Luhulima, Danny; Kartika Indah, Louise
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.613

Abstract

Stunting, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a form of chronic malnutrition characterized by a child’s length or height being more than two standard deviations below the median for their age group. While diagnosing stunting is relatively straightforward, the primary challenge lies in its prevention. Clinical assessment and laboratory investigations play an important role in predicting the risk of stunting. Basic laboratory evaluations include complete blood count, urinalysis, and routine stool examination. In addition, metabolic screening may involve random blood glucose, blood gas analysis, lactate, ammonia, ketone bodies, amino acid profiles, and urinary organic acids. Further investigations can include culture tests, iron profile, electrolyte levels, renal and liver function tests, thyroid hormones, infection screening, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Iron deficiency is a key contributing factor to stunting; therefore, its prevention is essential. Hemoglobin is a sensitive marker for detecting iron deficiency anemia, but it is not reliable for identifying early iron deficiency. Hemoglobin levels may remain within the normal range even when iron stores begin to decline, which can delay diagnosis if clinicians rely solely on this parameter. Serum ferritin is a more sensitive early marker, as its levels decrease in the initial stages of iron deficiency.
Analysis of Urea Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Based on Age, Sex, and Hemodialysis Frequency Astuti, Yoni
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.614

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by declining renal function and accumulation of metabolic waste such as urea. Hemodialysis is essential in advanced CKD to reduce urea levels, which serve as an important marker for renal function and dialysis adequacy. Variations in urea levels may be influenced by demographic factors such as age and sex, as well as treatment-related factors including hemodialysis frequency. Aims: This study aimed to analyze urea levels and hemodialysis frequency among CKD patients based on age groups (<50 years, 51–60 years, and ≥61 years) and sex. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using secondary data from medical records of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital from 2021 to 2023. A total of 78 complete records were included. Urea levels and hemodialysis frequency were analyzed descriptively, and an independent t-test was used to assess differences between male and female patients. Results: Urea levels varied across age groups within each sex. In males, the highest mean urea level was observed in the 51–60 years group, while females showed a progressive increase with age. Male patients exhibited greater variability, especially in older age groups, whereas females showed more consistent patterns. Hemodialysis frequency remained relatively stable in males but increased with age in females. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in urea levels between sexes (p = 0.919), with mean values of 99.35 mg/dL in males and 100.38 mg/dL in females. Conclusion: Urea levels in CKD patients vary according to age and demonstrate different patterns between sexes, but no significant sex-based differences were identified. These findings suggest that urea dynamics are influenced by multiple factors, highlighting the importance of individualized management strategies in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
The Relationship Between Random Blood Glucose Levels and The Incidence of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Nunu Prihantini, Nur; Rahmawati, Fri; Angelita Permata Sitorus, Zefeilyne; Jackson Yang, John; Angreni, Frisca
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.615

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge characterized by an ever-increasing number of cases annually. The most feared chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which significantly increases the risk of amputation and mortality rates. This study aims to analyze the relationship between random blood sugar (RBS) levels and the incidence of DFU in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Paragon Hospital, Citeureup 2026. The research method used is an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 54 subjects meet the inclusion criteria out of 109 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Medical record data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results indicated that DFU patients were predominantly male (53.7%) and belonged to the 46-55 age group (38.9%). Clinical findings showed that the majority of research subjects (88.9%) had high random blood sugar levels (≥ 200 mg/dL). Statistical test results yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between high RBS levels and the incidence of DFU. Based on the result the concluded that uncontrolled RBS levels are a primary trigger for DFU. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers vascular and nerve damage, which inhibits the tissue healing process in the feet. Optimal control of RBS levels is essential as a preventive measure to avoid amputation complications in type 2 diabetes patients.
Effectiveness of Methanol Extract Combination of Cymbopogon citratus stem and Syzygium aromaticum L. leaf as a Larvacide Against Aedes aegypti Enjlin Natasya, Bunga; Wulandari Kesetyaningsih, Tri
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.620

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a common disease in tropical countries, including Indonesia. The control of Ae. aegypti vectors relies on chemical insecticides, which can cause resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, the use of biolarvicides is considered a safer alternative. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) stems and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) leaves are known to contain active compounds with larvicidal potential. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a 1:1 methanolic extract combination of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) stems and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) leaves as a larvicide against Ae. aegypti based on different concentration levels. The study used an experimental method with a longitudinal prospective design. Seven treatment concentrations (0,5%; 0,75%; 1,5%; 3%; 5%; 7%; and 10%) were tested on Ae. aegypti third-instar larvae with four replications. Larval mortality was observed every hour for 12 hours, and probit analysis was used to determine LC50, LC90, LT50, and LT90 values. Larval mortality increased linearly with higher extract concentrations. The LC50 value was 0,0385%, and the LC90 value was 7,885%. At the lowest concentration (0,5%) the LT50 and LT90 values were 3,292 hours and 6,970 hours, respectively, while at the highest concentration (10%), both values <1 hours. There was a linear relationship between the concentration of the tested extract and larval mortality. The 1:1 methanolic extract combination of lemongrass stems and clove leaves proved effective as a biolarvicide against Ae. aegypti as indicated by the LC50, LC90, LT50, and LT90 values.
Dietary Protein, Vitamin C, and Iron Intake As Predictors of Hemoglobin Levels in Children With Special Needs” Astuti, Yoni; Sunarti, Sunarti; Puspita, Gina; Permana, Iman
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.622

Abstract

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a key indicator of oxygen transport and overall child health, particularly during periods of rapid growth and cognitive development. Anemia remains a significant global public health problem, often driven by nutritional deficiencies, especially iron. Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, while protein supports hemoglobin synthesis, indicating a synergistic role of these nutrients. Children with special needs are at higher risk of nutritional inadequacies due to feeding challenges and restricted diets. However, evidence on how dietary intake influences hemoglobin levels in this population is still limited. Aims:This study aimed to analyze the role of dietary protein, vitamin C, and iron intake as predictors of hemoglobin levels in children with special needs. Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 34 students at SLB Kutoarjo between January and May 2024. Dietary intake data were collected using a 3-day food record completed by caregivers and analyzed with NutriSurvey software. Hemoglobin data were obtained from school health records. Statistical analysis included correlation and multiple regression tests to assess the relationship between nutrient intake and hemoglobin levels. Results:The findings revealed that the average intake of protein, iron, vitamin C, and total energy was below recommended levels. Despite this, the mean hemoglobin level (13.38 ± 1.33 g/dL) was within the normal range. Regression analysis showed that the combined intake of protein, iron, vitamin C, and folate explained 25% of the variation in hemoglobin levels (R² = 0.25), but the adjusted R² was low (0.036), indicating weak explanatory power. No individual nutrient showed a statistically significant association with hemoglobin levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions:Dietary protein, vitamin C, and iron intake were not significant predictors of hemoglobin levels in children with special needs. These findings highlight that hemoglobin status is influenced by complex interactions beyond dietary intake alone. Further research with larger samples and additional biomarkers is needed to better understand anemia risk in this population.
Age and Gender Differences in Urea and Creatinine Levels among Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study From a Tertiary Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Astuti, Yoni
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.623

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major global health problem associated with progressive renal complications, including diabetic nephropathy. Serum urea and creatinine are widely used biomarkers to assess renal function, yet their interpretation may be influenced by age and gender differences.This study aimed to analyze differences in urea and creatinine levels among diabetic patients based on age and gender and to evaluate their statistical significance.A retrospective observational study was conducted using medical record data from PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from Januari to December2025. Patients with complete data on age, gender, urea, and creatinine were included, while incomplete records were excluded. Subjects were stratified into three age groups: ≤50, 51–60, and ≥61 years. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare biomarker levels between males and females within each age group (p < 0.05 considered significant).Mean urea levels increased progressively with age in both genders. Male patients showed a consistent increase in both urea and creatinine levels across age groups, whereas females demonstrated less consistent creatinine trends. Significant gender differences were observed in the ≤50 years group for urea (p = 0.004) and creatinine (p = 0.042), while no significant differences were found in older groups. High variability in biomarker levels was observed, particularly among elderly patients.Age significantly influences urea levels in diabetic patients, while gender differences are more pronounced in younger individuals. These findings highlight the importance of age- and gender-specific interpretation of renal biomarkers in diabetes management.
Unveiling the Toxin Genes of Vibrio cholerae in Seafood: A Collaboration of Phenotypic and Genotypic Approaches Ni Luh Budi Artaningsih; I Putu Bayu Mayura; Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.627

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae is a pathogenic bacterium that causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease transmitted through contaminated food or water, particularly seafood such as fish, shrimp, and shellfish. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of studies that have identified and characterized toxin genes of V. cholerae in seafood using phenotypic and genotypic approaches. The literature review was conducted using online databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar with keywords “Vibrio cholerae”, “virulence gene”, “cholera toxin”, “phenotypic-genotypic detection”, “cholera infection”. Selected articles were published between 2015 and 2025 in English or Indonesian and discussed the identification of V. cholerae toxin genes from marine products. The findings revealed that V. cholerae isolates from seafood commonly harbor virulence genes such as ctxA, hlyA, ompW, tcpA, zot, ace, and rtx, which play crucial roles in colonization, toxin production, and pathogenicity. Phenotypic detection using TCBS agar and hemolysis tests serves as an initial screening, whereas genotypic identification through PCR and sequencing offers higher sensitivity and specificity. Combining both methods enhances detection accuracy and risk assessment. Therefore, monitoring virulence genes of V. cholerae in seafood is essential for strengthening food safety surveillance and preventing cholera outbreaks in coastal and tourism areas

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