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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 25, No. 2" : 8 Documents clear
Development of Yam-Starch-Based Bioplastics with the Addition of Chitosan and Clove Oil Ulyarti, Ulyarti; Lavlinesia, Lavlinesia; Surhaini, Surhaini; Siregar, Nurainun; Tomara, Anggel; Lisani, Lisani; Nazarudin, Nazarudin
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The potency of yam starch (Dioscorea alata) as film-forming material together with the potency of chitosan and clove oil as antibacterial materials has led the authors to produce active bioplastics based on these materials. This research was performed to determine the effect of chitosan and clove oil on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of yam starch’s active bioplastics. The best bioplastics produced were further tested for their antimicrobiological properties. This study used a completely randomized design with five levels of chitosan concentration (1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, and 1.8%) and five levels of clove oil concentration (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%). Each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that the concentrations of chitosan and clove oil had a significant effect on the thickness and water vapor transmission rate of film but did not affect its solubility and compressive strength much. The use of 1% chitosan or 1.5% clove oil produced biofilms with the lowest water vapor transmission rate. Both plastics also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with chitosan bioplastics having a larger inhibition zone than that of clove oil bioplastics.
Cr (III)-Doped Bentonite: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Phenol Removal Purwaningrum, Widia; Vilantina, Vilantina; Rizki, Widya Twiny; Desnelli, Desnelli; Hariani, Poedji Loekitowati; Said, Muhammad
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Study of doping process of metal oxide Cr(III) onto bentonite for phenol removal has been done. The purpose of this study was to increase the capacity and effectiveness of bentonite adsorption.The doped bentonite was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX and FT-IR spectrophotometer analysis. XRD characterization result showed an angle shift (2θ) characteristic at1.609°. The SEM-EDX characterization result showed that bentonite as control have a more gaps than Cr(III)-doped bentonite. Based on EDX result, the Al element decreased from 7.53% to 3.76%, Si from 19.84% to 10.23% and appeared Cr element 2.06%, The FT-IR characterization result showed no significant friction in the spectrum so it can be identified as physical adsorption. The adsorption of phenol was applied at pHpzc, which for bentonite as control was applied at pH 4 and Cr(III)- doped bentonite was applied at pH 8. The phenol adsorption rate fitted to pseudo-second-order and it was found that the equilibrium data was best followed by Freundlich isotherm model, the amount of adsorption rate constant (k) and adsorption capacity (Qe) was 0.0024 g.mg-1min-1 and 16.95 mg/g. The Enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) values decrease with increasing phenol concentration and the positive free energy value was indicated that the proccess was nonspontaneous because there has been an equilibrium state. Based on the adsorption result, it can be concluded that the doping method can produce better bentonite performance to adsorb phenol.
Isolation and Characterization of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Abroma augusta L as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Latief, Madyawati; Tarigan, Indra Lasmana; Muhaimin, Muhaimin; Amanda, Hilda; Yulianti, Nike Desvi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Abroma augusta is a bush plant that lives on the edge of the river. This plant is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug for joints and broken bones. It contains several secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, and flavonoids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry of isolate 1.3 indicated absorption at a maximum wavelength of 282 nm. The wavelength suggested that the electron transition π–π* is the absorption of UV spectra typical for triterpenoid compounds that have chromophores in the form of non-conjugated double bonds. FT-IR spectrophotometer characterization data from isolate 1.3 revealed the presence of triterpenoid compounds having carboxyl groups C-O (ester), C-(CH3)2 (gem-dimethyl), carbonyl C = O esters, and C-H (alkyl). Analyses of UV-Vis, FT-IR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra showed that the compound obtained was the triterpenoid β-amyrin. Activity test demonstrated that isolate 1.3 with a 10 mg dose showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control of sodium diclofenac.
Elimination of Gas and Particulate Emissions in Coal Boilers using Plasma Precipitator System Djayanti, Silvy; Suherman, Alex Lukmanto
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A plasma precipitator reactor is an essential part of the emission treatment. This device removes fine particles, such as dust, smoke, and various toxic gases, using the force of an induced plasma charge, minimally impeding the flow of gases through the unit. In this study, the plasma precipitator combines dust deposition-capture technology by magnetic force and emission gas removal with plasma. The reactor was successfully fabricated and tested in real-world applications of the textile industry to reduce gas and particulate emissions. Using this reactor, SO2, NO2, CO, and CO2 sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) gases turned into more environmentally friendly forms, such as O2, with a decrease of approximately 91.3%, 91.4%, 88.3%, and 89.6% w/w, respectively. Meanwhile, the element and molecular forms, which contain sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen, were deposited as particulates in the electrode channels. Using this technology, the number of particulates decreased up to approximately 93.5% w/w. The plasma precipitator reactor does not require high electricity compared to (conventional) scrubbers that use a blower system. The results indicate that plasma precipitators can be used as an advanced technology to replace conventional gas and particulate emission removal systems from the industries.
Composition of Fatty Acids and Squalene Content of Wild Spinach (Amaranthus dubius Mart) Seed Oil Soetjipto, Hartati; Krisdayanti, Mitra; Aminu, November Rianto
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This study aims to determine the yield of wild spinach seed oil obtained by continuous extraction methods using Soxhlet apparatus for 10.5 hours in n-hexane solvent, the physio-chemical properties, and the composition of wild spinach seed oil using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Refinement of wild spinach seed oil was done by degumming and neutralization. The yield of wild spinach seed oil extraction before refinement was 4.36 ± 0.29% (w/w) while after refinement was 0.68 ± 0.033% (w/w). Physio-chemical properties of wild spinach seed oil after refinement was as follows: water content 0.37%; peroxide value 9.5 meq/kg; acid value of 0.53 mg KOH/g oil; saponification value 208.9 mg KOH/g oil. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that the wild spinach seeds were composed of 5 main components: dodecanoic acid (0.28%); tetradecanoic acid (0.08%); palmitic acid (1.31%); squalene (94.9%); and linoleic acid (3.34%).
Ambient Noise-Based Mapping of Bedrock Morphology and Potential Fissure Zone in East Tanjung Karang, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia Ipmawan, Vico Luthfi; Permanasari, Ikah Ning Prasetiowati; Suhendi, Cahli
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

As a business center and the most populous subdistrict, East Tanjung Karang in Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia, is considered an area with excessive groundwater exploitation. This activity can trigger ground fissures that can consequently cause damage to buildings and roads. In this study, microtremor recordings from 17 sites were collected and analyzed by using the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio and ellipticity curve method. Results showed that the ground profiles of shear wave velocity from 17 sites ranged from 143.5 m/s to 1752.46 m/s, and they could be used to determine sediment layer and its thickness based on the SNI 1726-2012 criteria. The thickness of the bedrock varied from 8.18 m to 117.18 m. Bedrock morphology was obtained by subtracting the sediment thickness from the altitude value. The bedrock morphology and slope were then used to construct a potential fissure map of the area between Y16 and Y17 and between Y26 and Y27, which had high bedrock slopes (more than 45°). The ground fissure potential in these areas was higher than that in other areas. Such areas also had a geological hazard potential from ground fissures caused by excessive groundwater exploitation. Our study could be used by authorities as a basis for preventing subsidence-related disasters in this subdistrict.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil, Water and Air around Ukawu Pb-Zn Mine, Southeastern Nigeria Nwachukwu, Nwachukwu Arthur; Udie, Sikakwe Gregory; Nchedo, Eluwa Ndidiamaka; Ukamaka, Uwa Clementina; Olaosebikan, Oluwatoyin Oluwatosin
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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In this study, analysis of water, and soil samples, air quality, and noise levels in Ukawu Pb-Zn mine were examined. The pH of the water samples, at 6.7, exceeded permissible levels for potable water established by the National Environmental Standard Regulatory Agency (NESREA), European Union, and World Health Organization (i.e., 7.0-8.5). The soil pH was 5.2, which indicates acidity due to acid mine drainage. Low soil pH is evidence of acid mine drainage. All cations detected in water and soil were below standard limits considered harmful by the NESREA. Measurements of precursor gases, such as O3, NO2, CO and SO2, to determine air quality showed levels below the air quality standards prescribed by the NESREA. Thus, the air quality around the mine is not polluted by these gases. Noise levels around the mine were below the 85dB limit considered deleterious to humans. Comparison of the noise levels detected around the mine with Indian showed that the values obtained in Ukawu mine exceed the permissible daytime values for industrial, commercial, residential, and silence zones. This research could serve as a benchmark for environmental contamination studies at the regional and global scales.
Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μPAD) for Determining Hydroquinone in Facial Whitening Cream using Phloroglucinol Reagent Sulistyarti, Hermin; Puspitaloka, Paradhita Ayu; Putra, Boyfannie Ivan; Retnowati, Rurini; Tolle, Herman
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) is developed in this work to analyze hydroquinone in facial whitening creams using phloroglucinol. The µPAD features a hydrophobic barrier for detection and was fabricated using a wax printer with Whatman chromatographic paper. Detection was achieved by colorimetry based on the formation of an orange hydroquinone–phloroglucinol complex. The colored reaction product formed on the detection zone of the µPAD was scanned, and the images obtained were processed with Image-J software to determine their color intensity (RGB value). Optimization of the process conditions was conducted to achieve sensitive measurements. The optimum conditions yielding maximum sensitivity included a reagent addition sequence of phloroglucinol à NaOH à sample (hydroquinone), 1 µL of 0.5% phloroglucinol, 1 M NaOH, and 10-minute reaction. Under optimal conditions, the µPAD produced two linear calibration curves for hydroquinone at concentrations of 10–100 mg/L (R2 = 0.9979) and 250–1000 mg/L (R2 = 0.9991). The method demonstrated very good selectivity for the target analyte in the presence of propylene glycol and resorcinol with satisfactory validity and average recovery close to 100%. The proposed µPAD is a very simple and inexpensive technique for hydroquinone analysis and could be applied to cosmetics samples with satisfactory results.

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