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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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One health approach & COVID-19 for public health system strengthening: A literature review Dewi, Kharisma
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective: This study identified the importance and the benefits of one health approach for strengthening the public health system during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This research was done using a literature review from Google Scholar and PubMed. The journals chosen were recruited based on inclusion criteria using the keywords of “One Health” AND “Covid-19”. Results: The journals emphasized the importance of cross-sector collaboration. Human activities resulted in environmental changes such as deforestation and land-use shifts, forcing wildlife and their microorganisms to seek new hosts and triggering disease transmission, resulting in zoonoses disease. The coronavirus is known for its ability to mutate easily. There have been reports of disease transmission from human to animal. The first case was in the Bronx Zoo in New York, where two tigers and lions tested positive for SARS CoV-2. The transmission was traced back to their zookeeper, according to investigations. The Ragunan Zoo in Jakarta reported the first human-to-animal transmission in two tigers. The virus appears to be susceptible to the tiger and its family (Felidae). However, there had been no cats and their relatives (Felidae) to humans transmission reports until the writers completed this paper. Therefore, coordination and communication are needed to tackle and acknowledge the disease. These disease transmissions from animal to human, human to human, and human to animal (zoonotic) underlined the importance of surveillance between sectors under the same roof to strengthen the the public health system. Moreover, the One Health approach regained its recognition,, especially during the G-20 summit 2021 for the Ministry of Health meeting, as a resilience strategy in overcoming the next pandemic. One Health approach is considered suitable for preventing and combating the pandemic since experts in human, animal, and environmental health work together. Conclusions: One strategy to strengthen the public health system is establishing trust and collaborating across sectors for better public health outcomes. Since its integrity could manage developing public health challenges, one health is considered a great method of overcoming the pandemic.
The role of community organizations in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in community health centers: An example from Sawah Lega, Cicalengka, Bandung Regency, West Java Purbaningrum, Ratih Puspitaningtyas; Rahmawati, Alvina
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: To describe the role of community organizations in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic in the work area of ​​the Sawah Lega Health Center, Cicalengka District, Bandung Regency, West Java. Contents: In the third week of June 2021, an increase in Covid-19 cases began in the work area of ​​the Sawah Lega Health Center with an average of 13 daily cases and reached the highest in the fourth week of June 2021, which was 42 cases. 92.5% of Covid-19 cases have mild-moderate symptoms and are required to self-isolate (isolasi mandiri, “isoman”) at home. However, health workers were overwhelmed with handling Covid-19 patients at the puskesmas and had difficulty monitoring the movement of villagers. The ratio of health workers compared to Covid-19 cases is 1:14 cases. Luckily, community organizations in the village took the initiative to share the task of helping health workers deal with Covid-19. Village officials and PKK cadres provide food to self-isolated residents. Karang Taruna members and youth posyandu cadres deliver medicine from the puskesmas, offer goods and services, monitor the progress of residents, report to the Puskesmas if any residents are showing worse symptoms, and be a liaison between the puskesmas and self-isolated residents if it is difficult to contact or don’t have a phone. In addition, they also help disinfect the village area. There is still a negative stigma among villagers on other residents who did self-isolation. Many residents still do not understand the importance of self-isolation (isolasi mandiri, ”isomanism”), so village youth are actively involved in promoting health protocols for villagers and invite residents to immediately take part in vaccines through approaches to community informal and religious leaders. WhatsApp uses in various citizen social groups. Contributions from community organizations have played a positive role in reducing Covid-19 cases in the Sawah Lega Health Center work area. Entering the second week of July 2021, the daily number of Covid-19 cases has decreased. Cross-sectoral cooperation has sped up the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic in the work area of ​​the Sawah Lega Health Center.
Investigation of a COVID-19 Islamic boarding school cluster outbreak in Kokap District, Kulon Progo Regency 2021 Rosadi, Ahmad
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Background: Wednesday, April 14, 2021, the Kokap I Public Health Center received information that some students in Islamic boarding school X experienced symptoms of anosmia. The puskesmas epidemiologist investigated to confirm and describe the outbreak that occurred according to the variables of person, place, and time and find and control the disease. Method: This research used a descriptive design. Case definitions were students and boarding school administrators who have confirmed COVID-19 through AG and PCR tests. Researchers collected data in two ways: primary data obtained from interviews using a structured questionnaire according to the guidelines and secondary data, namely confirmation case data obtained from Kokap Health Center 1. Result: There were 68 confirmed cases of 134 students and boarding school administrators (Attack Rate = 50.75%), with 34% of the cases being men. The highest proportion of cases occurred at the age of 12-25 years (84%), the highest education level was in junior high school (47%), and the distribution of places mainly was in the Hargotirto area (24%). The predominant symptoms were anosmia (15%) and cough (10%). The Islamic boarding schools' conditions that caused the COVID-19 cluster were that the schools did not strictly enforce health protocols, students were allowed to go in and out, and boarding school administrators and teachers did not all live in the school area. The conditions of residence of Islamic boarding school students do not meet reasonable requirements. Conclusion: There was a COVID-19 outbreak at Islamic boarding school X on April 16, 2021, with the primary symptom of anosmia. The application of health protocols in social distancing could not be applied so that transmission occurred. Socialization and implementation of strict health protocols are essential to prevent similar incidents. Latar Belakang: Hari rabu tanggal 14 april 2021 puskesmas kokap I mendapatkan informasi bahwa sejumlah siswa pondok pesantren X mengalami gejala anosmia. Investigasi dilakukan oleh petugas epidemiolog puskesmas untuk mengkonfirmasi KLB tersebut. Tujuan penyelidikan KLB ini adalah mengkonfirmasi KLB, mendeskripsikan KLB, memberikan gambaran KLB yang terjadi menurut variable orang tempat dan waktu, menemukan dan melakukan pengendalian penyakit. Metode: Penyelidikan ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif. Definisi kasus adalah siswa dan pengurus pondok pesantren yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 melalui tes AG dan PCR. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur sesuai pedoman dan data sekunder yaitu data kasus konfirmasi yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Kokap 1. Hasil: Ditemukan sebanyak 68 kasus konfirmasi (Attack Rate= 50,75%) dari 134 siswa dan pengurus pondok pesantren. Sebanyak 34% kasus adalah laki-laki. Proporsi kasus paling banyak terjadi pada usia 12-25 tahun (84%), tingkat pendidikan paling tinggi pada SMP (47%), distribusi tempat paling banyak pada wilayah hargotirto (24%). Gejala dominan adalah anosmia (15%) dan batuk (10%). Kondisi pondok pesantren penyebab klaster COVID-19 adalah pondok pesantren tidak menerepkan protokol kesehatan dengan ketat, siswa diperbolehkan keluar masuk pondok pesantren, pengurus dan guru pondok pesantren tidak semuanya tinggal di dalam pondok pesantren, kondisi tempat tinggal siswa pondok pesantren belum memenuhi syarat yang baik. Kesimpulan: Terjadi sebuah KLB COVID-19 di pondok pesantren X pada tanggal 16 april 2021, gejala utama anosmia. Penerapan protokol kesehatan berupa social distancing tidak dapat diterapkan sehingga terjadinya transmisi. Sosialisasi dan penerapan protokol kesehatan yang ketat sangat penting dilakukan untuk mencegah kajadian serupa.
Results of TB contacts investigation in community during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Kalimantan Province Khuntari, Wiwit
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: This study aims to describe the results of the investigation of TB contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Kalimantan Province. Contact investigation is a tracking and investigative activity aimed at people who are in contact with TB patients (index cases) to find TB suspects. Method: This research uses a descriptive method. Investigations were carried out on bacteriologically confirmed TB Index cases and TB cases in children, investigations were carried out by the TB Health Center Program Manager, HC cadres, and STPI Penabulu cadres in North Kalimantan Province. Data sourced from SITB (Tuberculosis Information System) in 2020 and 2021 (Until October). Results: The number of TB cases found in North Kalimantan Province in 2020 was 963 cases, Treatment Coverage: 35%, and 2021 found 625 cases, Treatment Coverage: 23%. The highest proportion of TB cases is in Tarakan City (2020: 45% and 2021: 49%). Contact investigations during the COVID-19 pandemic were carried out by observing health protocols. The number of indexes investigated in 2020 was 321 cases with a total of 1,825 contacts,15% of the investigated contacts met the referral requirements as suspects and 94% of contacts who wanted to be referred were subjected to laboratory examinations so that the percentage of sick contacts was found TB among suspects was 21%. The number of indexes investigated in 2021 was 192 cases with a total of 937 contacts, 30% of the investigated contacts met the referral requirements as suspects and 98% of contacts who wanted to be referred were subjected to a laboratory examination so that the percentage of contacts was found TB disease among suspects by 19%. The results of the contact investigation found an additional 9 cases of TB in 2020 and 16 cases in 2021. Conclusion: The decline in TB case finding during the COVID-19 pandemic requires an active case-finding strategy in the community as an effort to find early cases for standardized management.
COVID-19 cluster investigation after choir recording at Church X Bantul Regency in 2021 Nur Hayati; Puspitarani, Fitriana; Nugroho, Andri Setyo Dwi; Indriani, Citra
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective: On 29 May 2021 PHC Imogiri 1 obtains information about a positive COVID-19 patient in their area. The confirmed case was attending a choir at Church X on 19 May 2021. An epidemiological investigation was carried out to confirm the existence of the COVID-19 cluster, describe the attack rate, and provide recommendations for future cluster control. Method: This study is a descriptive epidemiological study. The case definition is people involved in the church X recording process and their close contact with the results of laboratory tests using RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 in Bantul from May-June 2021. Data were obtained via E-form using a standardized questionnaire and direct observation at the church. Results: 28 participants consisting of 21 singers, 1 conductor, 6 multimedia teams involved in a choir. The indoor rehearsal was in a closed space with closed windows. There were a total of 57 including contacts and choir members with 42.1% tested positive. One case was hospitalized (4.2%), and three cases were isolated in shelters (12.5%). Most of the cases were asymptomatic (70.8%), and the most common symptoms were fever (12.5%) and cough (12.5%). The majority of cases were female (71%), belong to age group 25-34 years (25%), followed with 35-44 years (20.8%), and 55-64 years (20.8%). Attack rate based on the vocal range of Alto 2 (AR=100%) and soprano 1 (AR=83%). interviews with church councils during the recording process singers only used a faceshield as PPE. Conclusion: A cluster transmission occurred in Church X after a choir recording. The use of the mask is necessary during choir or indoor activity especially in a closed space with poor ventilation. It is also necessary for stakeholders to strengthen and emphasize the importance of health protocols, including using masks and avoiding gathering in large groups to control the spread of COVID-19 in a closed space.
"ProGAS From Home" as alternative breakfast education for preventing anemia for adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sleman Regency Radifan, Muhamad Almas
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: This study examines public health problems related to anemia prevention through breakfast education for adolescent girls by developing ProGAS (Program Gizi Anak Sekolah) that have been implemented in previous years into “ProGAS from home” that is determined from their respective homes during the pandemic. Content: Around 22.7% of Indonesian females aged between 14 and 18 years suffer from anemia, a condition that is most commonly caused by micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. Based on the survey results obtained from 2016 to 2018, the adolescent anemia rate in Sleman Regency tends not to experience a significant decrease. The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls is expected to increase during the pandemic. Some of the main factors are the habit of not having breakfast, poor diet, and economic factors. Since schools were closed due to the pandemic, teenagers do not have any access to information and knowledge about nutrition and women’s health. Schools also find it difficult to provide nutrition education outside the school curriculum. In addition, youth-based health education programs are not enough with one-way communication, but also need to practice by providing breakfast as a fulfillment of nutritious and healthy food. ProGAS from home can be an alternative education that can prevent anemia in adolescent girls through habituation to breakfast in their respective homes. ProGAS which is promoted by the Ministry of Education and Culture has previously been able to meet the nutritional needs of students in several schools. In this program, it is necessary to involve local SMEs such as catering or healthy restaurants in providing breakfast. Thus, in addition to achieving the main program, it can also increase income for local SMEs who have been affected by the pandemic.
Overview of SARS-CoV 2 infection case and fatality descriptive analysis in Samarinda, East Kalimantan 2020-2021 Gusrina, Sylvia
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: The study provides an overview of Covid-19 cases in Samarinda City since the Pandemic started in March 2020 until the third quarter of 2021, immediately after the peak of the second wave. Content: Samarinda is the capital city of East Kalimantan, one of the top ten provinces with the highest number of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia. The study extracted data from the Covid-19 national notification system application called Allrecord TC-19 di Indonesia. Overall, 22.152 or 2664,9 cases per 100.000 population were reported, while the peak of the second wave reached 1516 cases in the 28th epidemiology week of 2021, which was tripled the number of the first wave. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was 3,22% with the highest death reaching 67 cases in a week. 54,2% of SARS CoV-2 Infection occurred in men with a 3,4% fatality rate, while in women it was 3,0%. Almost half (47,5%) of the total cases affected the productive age group (20-40 years old age group). Meanwhile, the most Case Fatality Rate (CFR) occurred in the elderly age group, with 233 cases (1,06%) affecting people in their 50s-60s and 202 cases (0,91%) in their 60s-70s. Based on location analysis, the highest number of cases was found in Samarinda Ulu subdistrict with 15,02% (4162 cases). However, the highest Attack Rate(AR) occurred in Samarinda Kota subdistrict with 4032,41 cases per 100.000 population, while the proportion is only 5,8% from total cases. The highest CFR is 6,17% which occurred in the Samarinda Ilir subdistrict. Uniquely, the number of cases reported by the settler was about 8,57% which was higher than the other six subdistricts (5,11% - 6,11%). Further analysis is needed to explore risk factors and causal relationships between the factors and the Covid-19 case in Samarinda City to produce recommendations that can strengthen Covid-19 prevention and control efforts by all sectors.
Investigation of food poisoning on distribution of takjil in Tempel Sleman Ghilari, Yampa Eksa Daidella; Sriadi, Yoshua Natanael; Dharmawidjaja, Isa; Indriani, Citra
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: On 4th May 2021, Sleman District Health Office (DHO) received suspect food poisoning with 28 cases after eating packaged takjil were distributed on 2nd May 2021. The investigation was initiated to confirm the outbreak risk factor for control measures. Method: This investigation uses a cohort retrospective design. The case was the person who have one or more following symptoms diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness, and fever after eating takjil on 2nd May 2021 in Krasakan village. The interview was conducted using standard questionnaires at-risk population and food handlers. The environmental observation was done in the kitchen of catering. Food and biological sample were sent to the laboratory. Results: There were 28 cases from 60 people who ate (Attack Rate: 46%) with dominant symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weakness (100%). The incubation period was 7-33 hours with a median of 10 hours. Oseng tempe was food with the highest risk (RR= 6.09, CI= 1,5 -24,8). The environmental investigation found that contamination might have occurred as a result of poor processing practices such as improper food storage was potential risk contamination. We suspected Bacillus cereus as the main pathogen according to incubation period and mode transmission, but the laboratory showed different results, it can happen because the sample was sent 2x24 hours so the result was not adequate. Conclusion: There was a food poisoning outbreak from the distribution of takjil on 2nd May 2021 in Krasakan Village, caused by oseng tempe contaminated with Bacillus cereus. Contamination occurs due to improper cooking and storage. Implementation and training standard health and safety food handling need to be done for food caterer by District Health Office.
Efforts of non-communicable disease posbindu as a health-promoting university literacy campaign in the era of adapting to new habits: A case study at Universitas Gadjah Mada Dilalah, Idlohatud; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Purpose: Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) has a passion for Health Promoting University to improve the health status of its citizens. One of these commitments resulted in the NCD Posbindu as a health literacy activity in the NCD prevention and management. The COVID-19 pandemic requires adjustments to health protocols, including implementing posbindu at UGM. The Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing (FK-KMK) UGM is one of the units that carry out posbindu activities in the era of adopting new habits. Documentation related to how the implementation and adjustment of posbindu activities at FK-KMK UGM in the period of adaptation to new habits are essential for program improvement. In addition, the good practice of implementing posbindu can be an example for other work units to initiate and develop posbindu. Contents: Posbindu at FK-KMK UGM is called Posbindu Sehati (prosperous, active, and of high quality). Most posbindu cadres are education personnel who are generally not health workers, so they are given training before posbindu implementation. The community service section of FK-KMK UGM funded this activity's procurement tools and infrastructure. Posbindu Sehati was first held in 2019 in conjunction with healthy exercise activities and regularly planned every three months. The Sehati Posbindu activity, attended by staff and education staff of FK-KMK UGM, was piloted in the new habits era on April 9, 2021, and had only been running three times before the pandemic. The activity information was disseminated using Whatsapp groups and HPU FK-KMK UGM social media. The challenge of implementing posbindu during a pandemic was on health protocols, especially maintaining distance. The queue buildup occurred due to the difference in the duration of service at each table. Inviting posbindu participants in several waves and carrying out on a broader area is recommended to avoid crowds. The manual to electronic record-keeping switch can facilitate data integration into existing systems. Periodic training is recommended to increase the ability and self-confidence of cadres. Tujuan: Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) sebagai tempat belajar sekaligus tempat bekerja memiliki semangat menuju Health Promoting University guna meningkatkan derajat kesehatan warganya. Komitmen ini salah satunya diwujudkan melalui posbindu PTM sebagai kegiatan literasi kesehatan dalam pencegahan dan pengelolaan PTM. Pandemi COVID-19 mengharuskan setiap kegiatan diselenggarakan dengan penyesuaian protokol kesehatan, termasuk pelaksanaan posbindu di UGM. Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan (FK-KMK) UGM adalah salah satu unit yang melakukan kegiatan posbindu di era adaptasi kebiasaan baru. Dokumentasi terkait bagaimana pelaksanaan dan penyesuaian kegiatan posbindu di FK-KMK UGM pada era adaptasi kebiasaan baru penting dilakukan untuk perbaikan program. Selain itu, praktik baik pelaksanaan posbindu dapat menjadi contoh bagi unit kerja lain untuk menginisiasi dan mengembangkan posbindu. Isi: Posbindu di FK-KMK UGM disebut dengan Posbindu Sehati (sejahtera, aktif, dan bermutu tinggi). Sebagian besar kader posbindu adalah tenaga kependidikan yang umumnya bukan tenaga kesehatan, sehingga diberikan pelatihan sebelum pelaksanaan posbindu. Kegiatan ini didanai oleh bagian pengabdian masyarakat FK-KMK UGM, namun terbatas untuk pengadaan alat dan sarana-prasarana. Posbindu Sehati pertama kali diadakan pada tahun 2019 bersamaan dengan kegiatan senam sehat dan direncanakan dilakukan setiap 3 bulan sekali. Kegiatan Posbindu Sehati baru berjalan tiga kali sebelum pandemi dan diujicobakan di era kebiasaan baru pada tanggal 9 April 2021. Informasi kegiatan disebarkan melalui grup Whatsapp dan media sosial HPU FK-KMK UGM. Kegiatan diikuti oleh staf dan tenaga kependidikan FK-KMK UGM. Tantangan pelaksanaan posbindu saat pandemi adalah pada protokol kesehatan, terutama menjaga jarak. Penumpukan antrian tetap terjadi meskipun sudah diantisipasi karena perbedaan durasi pelayanan pada setiap meja. Rekomendasi untuk menghindari kerumunan dapat dilakukan dengan mengundang peserta posbindu dalam beberapa gelombang dan dilakukan di area yang lebih luas. Penggantian pencatatan manual ke elektronik dapat memudahkan integrasi data ke sistem yang sudah ada. Pelatihan berkala direkomendasikan guna meningkatkan kemampuan dan rasa percaya diri kader.
Making the UGM dormitory student returning procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic Humaidy, Raudia Faridah; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Azizatunnisa’, Luthfi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: Along with the decline in COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, UGM implements Controlled Face-to-face Learning (PTM). Various efforts have been made to prepare campus systems and infrastructure, one of which is dormitories as accommodation for students. Dormitories need to have a procedure for returning students to their dormitories to control COVID-19. This is a mentoring activity carried out by students of the Master's in Public Health to develop the procedure within the UGM Health Promoting University framework. Contents: The health protocol implementation procedure begins with identifying data needs in the field online and offline through hostel managers and administrators, dormitory residents, and the UGM COVID-19 Task Force. In this process, current health protocols are available but are not sufficient for repopulation conditions. These results are then followed up with the preparation of a draft procedure. In addition, mentoring activities also develop educational media that support the implementation of health protocols in dormitories. The draft procedure and educational media were then discussed together by the team with the dormitory manager. The procedure is integrated into the existing system and adapted to the system and resource availability. Future residents of the dormitory need to pay attention to several things, such as (1) confirming the arrival date and preparing a parental consent letter, (2) screening at the GMC, and (3) conducting a 14-day quarantine. The challenge in this activity is the online coordination process with hostel managers and administrators, dorm residents, and the UGM COVID-19 Task Force. This procedure requires adaptation and cooperation between the manager and the occupants. Dormitory managers need to monitor and evaluate the implementation of these procedures. This procedure is also expected to be an example to be applied elsewhere.

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