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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Promoting social transformation through basic social work training for the Nagari apparatus: a case study in West Sumatra Siswati, Hermaini; Afrizal; Djafri, Defriman; Symon, Denas
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 08 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i08.21002

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze why social support has not yet successfully transformed parenting behavior among caregivers of stunted toddlers in Nagari Tanjung, West Sumatra, and to identify internal and external barriers that prevent caregivers from accessing and utilizing the available support. Methods: We used an exploratory qualitative approach with a case study design, involving 47 caregivers of stunted toddlers. The findings highlight parenting barriers and provide a compelling argument for promoting Basic Social Work Training (PDPS) among nagari officials, thereby enabling them to integrate various social components within their communities effectively. We collected data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, then thematically analyzed it based on internal and external factor categories. Data collection was conducted in Nagari Tanjung, West Sumatra, in 2024. Results: The main barriers include low nutritional literacy, stigma, shame, minimal father involvement, and beliefs in myths such as palasik. Social support from family, community, health workers, and the government has not been effective due to a lack of integration, inadequate cultural contextualization, and insufficient attention to psychosocial aspects. Moreover, the role of community social workers (PSM) at the village level has not been fully optimized, further exacerbating the situation. Conclusion: Community- and culture-based interventions are necessary, along with capacity-building for Nagari government officials through PDPS, to enable them to function similarly to social workers. The Ministry of Social Affairs should extend this training to the village or nagari level, not just at the provincial or district level. Strengthening the roles of nagari officials, village midwives, and community cadres (PKK, Posyandu, Family Planning, PPKBD, Human Development Cadres, PSM, and PKH facilitators) can help coordinate a sustainable and culturally contextual parenting support system.
Implementing tuberculosis preventive therapy: a qualitative study Apriana, Dina; Nugraheni, Sri Achadi; Suryoputro, Antono
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 08 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i08.21987

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) in Majalengka District using the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation model, focusing on inter-organizational communication, resources, implementer disposition, implementing agency characteristics, and economic-socio-political conditions. Methods: This qualitative study employed a case study approach involving six selected community health centers with the highest and lowest TPT coverage. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six tuberculosis (TB) program managers, five triangulation informants, direct observations, and document reviews. Data were analyzed thematically, involving data reduction, presentation, and inductive conclusion drawing. Results: The study found that communication inconsistencies across national, provincial, and district levels led to information gaps at the community health center level. Implementation was hindered by limited human resources, diagnostic tools, and logistics, as well as the absence of clear internal regulations. However, proactive roles by TB program managers and cadres, supported by community-based outreach strategies, helped mitigate barriers. Social stigma, indirect costs, and low intersectoral coordination remained significant challenges. Conclusion: TPT implementation faced barriers such as inconsistent communication, limited resources, and unclear regulations. Effective TPT implementation requires coordination by the Ministry of Health, improved diagnostics by health facilities, empowerment of health workers and cadres, and strong support from local governments.
Programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis financing in Lampung Province Utomo, Siti Syamsiyyah Nurmalisa; Hafidz, Firdaus; Dewi, Christa
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 38 No 08 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v38i8.5086

Abstract

Purpose: This research aims to get an overview of Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) Financing in Lampung in 2021. Methods: This is a mixed-methods research study aimed at determining the amount of financing for PMDT from a payer perspective and assessing the local government's commitment. Financing calculation using Lampung Provincial Health Office, Global Fund, and BPJS Kesehatan financial data. The local government's commitment was evaluated by a focus group discussion with the Lampung Provincial Health Office officer. Results: The total financing for the PMDT in 2021 was Rp 6,072,456,520, with 92.12% of funding sources coming from donors, 6.17% from APBN, 1.71% from JKN, and 0% from the APBD. The activities with the highest costs are the provision of anti-tuberculosis drugs at 35% and additional logistics at 34%. Conclusion: The main challenge in financing PMDT is the high-cost requirement, which the local fiscal capacity doesn't support. It should be an essential concern for local governments to ensure the program's sustainability after the termination of Global Fund funding. The government must enhance local fiscal capacity in the post-pandemic era and promptly develop and implement a national health insurance scheme to finance PMDT.
Husband's role in the birth preparedness and complication readiness program in the Kebumen District, 2022 Silayuningsih, Devvy Herawati; Wiratama, Bayu Satria; Wahab, Abdul
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 08 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i08.14197

Abstract

Purpose: The involvement of the husband during pregnancy helps a mother to make timely decisions to avoid delays. Identifying the level of husband involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is crucial, as the husband is the primary decision-maker in household and health service-related matters. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of husbands in BPCR in Kebumen District in 2022. Method: This research was a cross-sectional study design. Primary data was collected using questionnaires for 300 respondents, including pregnant women in the third trimester and their husbands, through cluster random sampling. The dependent variable was the role of husbands in BPCR; the independent variables were the wife's reproductive status, the husband's socioeconomic status, the husband's knowledge about pregnancy, labor, and postpartum complications, and the husband's knowledge about BPCR. The data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate analysis with binomial regression, and multivariate analysis with Poisson regression modification. Results: The proportion of husbands’ roles in BPCR was 71.33%. Multivariate analysis indicates that husbands employed in the government or private sector are 36% (aPR 1.36; 95% CI 1.10-1.68) and 14% (aPR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02-1.28) more likely to play a supportive role in BPCR, respectively. Husbands with good knowledge about the danger signs during pregnancy, labour, and postpartum (aPR 1.23; 95% CI 1.02-1.50) and those knowledgeable about BPCR (aPR 9.83; 95% CI 4.83-19.96) have a significant positive impact on their role in BPCR. Conclusions: Husbands’ participation in birth preparedness and complication readiness was found to be quite good. We recommend that improving the educational level is important to increase husbands’ involvement in the birth preparedness and complication readiness plan.
Underprivileged families and the incidence of stunted at birth in Sleman Regency based on the 2018-2019 Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System: a cohort study Khistiyarini, Fifit; Helmyati, Siti; Purwaningrum, Digna Niken
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 12 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i12.18088

Abstract

Purpose: The incidence of stunting is a problem that needs to be resolved immediately. Stunting in children contributes to causing significant state losses, because the state must bear the costs of degenerative diseases as a result of the long-term impact of stunting. The family's economic status plays a role in the nutritional status of newborns. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of stunted babies being born in underprivileged families. Methods: This study utilizes data from the 2019 Sleman Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), employing a cohort method. The data used in this study went through the data-cleaning stage. The analysis carried out consisted of three things: descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analysis. The number of samples used was 168. Results: The prevalence of stunting was 28.6%, and the prevalence of underprivileged families was 31.5%. The analysis revealed that babies born to disadvantaged families were 1.72 times more likely to be born stunted compared to babies born to prosperous families, as indicated by the multivariable analysis. Conclusion: The birth weight of babies is a significant factor influencing the incidence of stunted babies. Based on multivariable modeling, babies born to underprivileged families have a higher risk of being stunted, but this is not statistically significant. The same model shows that other variables that increase the risk of babies being born stunted are low birth weight (LBW).
Origami activities are effective in improving fine motor skills of stunted children Khasanah, Uswatun; Almadevy M.J, Anindhita; Pratamawati, Tiar M; Suhaeni, Eni; Sulistiyana, Catur Setiya; Wahidin, Dea Triasari Indriyanti
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 09 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i09.18366

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of origami activities on fine motor development in stunted children aged 3–5 years. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted at the Babakan Community Health Center, Cirebon District. A total of 60 stunted children were recruited and equally assigned to intervention and control groups (n = 30 each group). The intervention group participated in three origami activity sessions, while the control group did not receive the intervention. Fine motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the KPSP questionnaire. Group differences were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. Results: Children in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in fine motor skills compared with the control group (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Origami activities are effective in enhancing fine motor development among stunted children and may serve as a simple, low-cost intervention in community health settings.
COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on perinatal and neonatal outcomes: a scoping review Fauziah, Saidatul; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir; Oktaria, Vicka
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 39 No 02 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v39i02.6630

Abstract

Purpose: COVID-19 infection has rapidly spread and caused a global pandemic, as stated by the World Health Organization on March 10, 2020. The incidence of COVID-19 tends to increase worldwide, including Indonesia, occasionally. With 6,422,529 confirmed cases, including 158,014 as of September 25, 2022, Indonesia has surpassed India and Bangladesh to become the nation with the third-highest confirmed cases in Asia. Although there have been reports of several cases of vertical transmission, the transmission of COVID-19 from mother to fetus was initially considered uncertain. Case reports of newborns (within the first 12 hours) with COVID-19 infection prove the possibility of intrauterine or extrauterine mother-infant vertical transmission. This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This study employed the scoping review method, searching articles across several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and adhered to the guidelines of PRISMA-ScR. Search for articles using the main keywords” pregnant women” or “pregnant” and “coronavirus” (or COVID-19 or 2019NCOV or SARS-CoV-2) AND (” perinatal outcome” or “neonatal outcome” or “pregnancy outcome”) published in 2019–2022. Results: The articles obtained were related to symptoms of COVID-19-positive pregnant women, perinatal and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 pregnant women, and the identification of COVID-19 occurrence during pregnancy. Conclusion: A total of 22 articles reviewed found that pregnant women with COVID-19 symptoms experience adverse outcomes in perinatal and neonatal compared to those not infected with COVID-19. Pregnant women with COVID-19 infection show a higher risk of perinatal and neonatal outcomes such as premature, LBW, and NICU admission.
Behavioral differences in early detection of cervical cancer through self-assessment using KarS-A (Aim scorecard) Nadhiroh, A’im Matun; Winarti, Eko; Saudah, Noer; Ramadhani, Firdausi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 11 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i11.7762

Abstract

Purpose: To find cases of cervical cancer as early as possible by using self-assessment through KarS-A (Aim Score Card). Methods: The research design used a quasi-experimental approach with a pre-post test control group design. The number of samples at this stage was 230 WUS. The treatment group in the Sepulu subdistrict consisted of 115 WUS, while the control group in the Burneh subdistrict consisted of 115 WUS. The variables studied were self-assessment and WUS behavior. The statistical tests employed in the third stage are the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: This research showed differences in the behavior of WUS with self-assessment and WUS without self-assessment, with a P value <0.05. In the behavioral variable, a p-value of 0.010 was obtained, which meant that there was an influence between self-assessment and the positive behavior of women of childbearing age for early detection of cervical cancer, with an OR of 7.200. Women who had conducted self-assessments and received a high-risk score had up to 7.2 times the chance of carrying out early detection compared to women who received a low-risk score, with a 95% CI value of 1.595-32.504. Conclusion: Self-assessment affects WUS behavior. Women with a high-risk score were 7.2 times more likely to undergo early detection as compared to women who got low scores.
Earplug usage routine with tinnitus and hearing loss among food processing factory workers Dewi, Julita Melisa; Marliyawati, Dwi; Muyassaroh
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 11 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i11.12334

Abstract

Purpose: The earplug usage routine for workers exposed to noise serves as a preventive measure against the adverse effects of noise. Approximately 76.9% of earplug usage routines that are not adhered to during work are associated with tinnitus and hearing loss among workers. To know the correlation between earplug usage routine and the incidence of tinnitus and hearing loss among production workers. Methods: Analytical descriptive research with a cross-sectional design. A sample of workers exposed to noise in the production section of the food processing factory (92-110 dB) reported experiencing tinnitus and hearing loss. Tinnitus and earplug usage routines were assessed from the anamnesis, hearing loss was evaluated based on audiometry results, and noise level was measured using a sound-level meter. Data analysis was done using the chi-square test. Results: All samples consisted of 80 males, with an age range of 28 to 54 years (mean age 47.78±8.74 years). The duration of occupation was>10 years for 62 (77.5%) and <10 years for 18 (22.5%). Tinnitus was present in 48 samples (60%), hearing loss in 61 samples (76.25%), and routine earplug use in 51 samples (63.75%). Notably, earplug usage routines correlate with both the incidence of tinnitus (p < 0.000) and hearing loss (p < 0.000). Conclusion: The routine use of earplugs correlates with tinnitus and hearing loss in workers exposed to noise.
Neonatal survival analysis: the relationship between neonatal mortality and the number of antenatal care visits (2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey) Cahyanti, Betri; Ratrikaningtyas, Prima Dhewi; Wiratama, Bayu Satria
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 11 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i11.14461

Abstract

Purpose: In 2021, the number of under-five child deaths in Indonesia reached 27.566, with 28.158 (73,1%) of these being neonatal deaths. Indonesia implemented a minimum of four prenatal visits (K4) in 2019. The number of antenatal care (ANC) visits according to WHO standards has not been fully implemented nationwide in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze neonatal survival related to the number of ANC visits and neonatal death incidents based on the 2017 IDHS data. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with data from the 2017 IDHS. The sample included women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who had given birth within five years before the survey and had recorded ANC visits during their last pregnancy. Data analysis was performed using descriptive life-table and Kaplan-Meier Curve, bivariate analysis using Log Rank Test, and multivariate analysis using Cox Regression. Results: The study involved 13.826 women of childbearing age who were survey respondents. Univariate analysis showed that most respondents were at low risk during pregnancy (73.55%), belonged to the lowest wealth quintile (22.18%), and had a high education level (52.91%). Most babies were born with normal birth weight (92,89%) and were male (51,43%). The majority of ANC visits fell into the K6 category (47,59%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant neonatal deaths within the first five days, with the survival probability dropping to 99,50% by the fifth day. Multivariate analysis identified maternal age, birth weight, baby's sex, and place of delivery as significant factors affecting neonatal mortality. Higher maternal age, lower birth weight, and male sex increased the risk of neonatal death, while delivering in a health facility was associated with higher neonatal mortality. Conclusion: The study found that ANC visits were significant in the K6 and K8 categories. However, when multivariate analysis was performed, the significance was lost when the birth weight variable was included. Most ANC visits were in the K6 category, which is Indonesia's standard for at least six antenatal visits. Maternal age, baby's sex, birth weight, and the number of babies significantly affected neonatal survival. The neonatal mortality rate was 6,4 per 1.000 live births.

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