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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Behavior of mothers and teachers in providing education on menstrual hygiene to adolescent girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Girsang, Ruth Roselin; Prabandari, Yayi Suryo; Ratrikaningtyas, Prima Dhewi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 37 No 05 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v37i05.22043

Abstract

Purpose: Persons with disabilities are divided into four categories: persons with physical, intellectual, mental, and sensory disabilities. Social and communication dysfunctions are symptoms of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to explore the methods used by mothers and school teachers in providing menstrual hygiene education to adolescent girls with ASD. Methods: This research consists of two steps: a systematic review using meta-synthesis, and a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews conducted with participants at two different locations in D.I. Yogyakarta. Results: The combination of the two methods obtained: 1) Communication and education. Categories: mother-child relationships, and modes of communication with ASD; 2) The role of mothers and teachers; 3) Obstacles encountered. Categories: communication, rejection, and mother’s feelings; 4) Mother’s worries. Categories: children’s independence, interactions with friends, and the child’s future. Conclusion: Mothers and teachers provide menstrual hygiene information through early introduction, continuous repetition, associating words with relevant concepts, and using electronic media as an educational tool.
Factors associated with the use of long-acting contraceptive methods (LACMs): an analysis of Sleman HDSS 2016 Dewi, Andham; Supriyati; Pangastuti, Heny Suseani
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 37 No 05 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v37i05.22147

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between individual and service-related factors and the use of long-acting contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Sleman Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) cycles 1 and 2. Study samples were married women of reproductive age who were using modern contraception. Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of LACM users in Sleman is 47.01%, while non-LACM users account for 52.99%. Variables included in the multivariable analysis were age, education, urban-rural status, socioeconomic status (SES), family planning services, type of care provider, and method of payment. Variables that significantly influence LACMs utility are urban-rural (OR=2.2; p=0.002; CI=1324-3,728), SES (OR=2.9; p=0,000; CI=1,768-5,041) free contraceptives (OR=17.22; p=0,000; CI=7.093-41.81), and national health insurance (OR=4.8; p=0,000; CI=2,923-7,930). Conclusion: Individual factors influencing the use of LACMs include place of residence and socioeconomic status, while health service factors include free contraceptive distribution and national health insurance.
Elevated liver transaminase levels prolong hospital stay in dengue patients: retrospective cohort study Alnweiri, Abdelrahman MS; Prihartono, Nurhayati A.
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 07 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i07.22555

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the public health impact of elevated liver transaminases (AST/ALT >35 U/L) on hospitalization duration in adult dengue patients in Indonesia’s resource-constrained settings. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 786 confirmed dengue patients at Ummi Hospital, Bogor (2021–2023). We analyzed demographics, comorbidities, hepatoprotective therapy, and AST/ALT levels. Prolonged stay was defined as ≥5 days. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of prolonged length of stay (LOS). Results: 41.9% had elevated transaminases. Patients with enzyme elevations had longer hospital stays than those with normal levels. Non-comorbid patients with elevated enzymes were significantly more likely to experience prolonged hospitalization. Comorbidities markedly increased the risk of extended stays, while hepatoprotective therapy reduced it. Nationally, this could save ~105,000 bed-days annually. Conclusion: Elevated transaminases independently predict prolonged dengue hospitalization. Routine liver monitoring and hepatoprotective therapy may optimize bed utilization in Indonesian hospitals.
Scoping review of interventions to increase VIA test uptake in Indonesia Ramania, Ardhina; Pramudita, Bianda Dwida
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 07 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i07.22593

Abstract

Purpose: Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in Indonesia. Although the VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) screening program has been introduced, the national target of 75% coverage has not yet been achieved. Enhancing public participation requires more effective health promotion strategies. This study reviews public health intervention studies conducted in Indonesia aimed at increasing VIA screening uptake. Methods: Literature published between 2015 and 2025 in English and Indonesian was searched using PubMed and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed intervention studies with transparent methodologies and outcome assessments related to VIA uptake. Qualitative studies and other types of studies not published in peer-reviewed journals were excluded from the analysis. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively based on the target intervention and outcomes. Results: From the 114 retrieved articles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. All were cross-sectional studies conducted across 12 Indonesian provinces, primarily in Java and Sumatra. Sample sizes ranged from 12 to 121 participants, totaling 1,278 individuals. Most studies targeted women (n = 19), while a few involved local women cadres (n = 2) or both (n = 1). Knowledge (n = 14) and attitude (n = 11) were the most frequently measured outcomes. All interventions (n = 22) reported positive results. Conclusion: These findings highlight a critical gap in health intervention strategies targeting women’s social support, especially husbands. Further research should design intervention research focusing on male partners and employ longitudinal designs to assess the long-term impact of these strategies on VIA test uptake.
Recapping actions, knowledge, and use of safety boxes with the incident of needle stick injuries in nurses at the inpatient installation of the Gadjah Mada University Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta Ramsi, Rahmat Muzakky; Surono, Agus; Sutena, Marthinus
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 08 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i08.14605

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between recapping actions, knowledge, and use of safety boxes with needle stick injuries (NSI) and controlling the risk of NSI among nurses at the UGM Academic Hospital inpatient installation. Methods: Mixed methods with a cross-sectional design and analyzed descriptively, then conducted interviews to control risk. Sampling was performed using the proportional random sampling technique, involving 80 nurses and five informants from hospital management. Results: Recapping (p=0.041) and knowledge (p=0.005) had a significant effect on the incidence of needle stick injuries among nurses at the RSA UGM inpatient installation (90% CI, 0.12-0.79). The act of recapping has a 0.35 times smaller chance of getting NSI. Furthermore, nurses who have high knowledge have a 0.2 times lower risk of getting NSI. Meanwhile, the use of a safety box did not affect NSI (p=0.246). Conclusion: Recapping actions and knowledge are factors that influence NSI among nurses at the RSA UGM inpatient installation. Risk control that is already running well needs to be improved, such as adding material variations, sharing, comprehensive and practical educational methods for nurses.
Behavioral determinants related to the incidence of diarrhea among students in Samarinda City Rahayu, Eka Putri; Chifdillah, Nino Adib; Tonapa, Emelia
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 11 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i11.15966

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to investigate behavioral determinants associated with the incidence of diarrhea among elementary school students in Samarinda City. Methods: This research employed a Cross-Sectional design. There was a population of 126 students in the 5th and 6th grades. The number of samples was calculated using the Slovin formula, resulting in 78 respondents selected through simple random sampling. Results: Behavioral determinants of diarrhea consist of hand washing with soap, toilet use, nail cleanliness, snack habits, and peer influence. Statistical analysis revealed significant findings. Snack habits and peer influence were found to have no significant effect on the incidence of diarrhea (ρ-value = 0.063 and ρ-value = 0.083). However, factors such as hand washing with soap (p-value = 0.023), toilet use (p-value = 0.000), and nail cleanliness (p-value = 0.002) had significant effects on the incidence of diarrhea. The use of toilets received an OR value of 35, indicating that respondents with toilet hygiene behaviors have a 35 times higher risk of experiencing diarrhea. Conclusion: Toilet use is the strongest predictor (35 times higher risk when proper toilet hygiene is not practiced).
Integrated education through lectures, case scenarios, and peer groups enhances health cadres’ knowledge and attitudes Akhmadi; Lismidiati, Wiwin; Anita, Ayu; Nur, Muhammad; Amir, Fadjrianty Fadhilah; Zakaria, Muhamad Abi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 06 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i06.21317

Abstract

Purpose: Stunting is a serious global issue characterized by children's height not being proportional to their age. The high prevalence of stunting is caused by factors such as chronic malnutrition, recurrent infections, and a lack of psychosocial stimulation during the first 1,000 days of life. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated education in improving health cadres' knowledge and attitudes regarding stunting prevention in Panggungharjo Village. Methods: The method used was quantitative with a quasi-experimental design without a control group, involving 14 health cadres for toddlers as the sample. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in knowledge between the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.05). However, the attitude assessment results indicated a p-value of 0.087, suggesting that the attitude improvement from the pre-test to the post-test was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that integrated education involving lectures, case scenarios, and peer group methods is efficacious in improving health cadres' knowledge about stunting prevention. However, it has not yet proven effective in enhancing cadres' attitudes. Therefore, additional strategies are needed to improve the attitudes of health cadres. The implementation of similar educational methods in other communities is expected to contribute to a sustainable reduction in stunting prevalence.
Implementation challenges of community-based total sanitation in wetland areas: a case study from Tanjung Jabung Barat Pratiningsih, Widya Ayu; Supriyati; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 12 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v40i12.6699

Abstract

Purpose: Community-Based Total Sanitation or STBM is an empowerment-based approach promoting hygienic behavior without subsidies. However, implementation in geographically challenging areas, such as wetlands, remains problematic, with limited research on context-specific adaptations. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of STBM in wetland areas by examining implementation protocols, monitoring mechanisms, and post-Open Defecation Free (ODF) sustainability in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Indonesia. Methods: This qualitative case study employed purposive sampling to select 12 key informants across multiple sectors (health department, public works, primary health centers, village officials, and community members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews (25 to 80 minutes), participant observation, and document review. Thematic analysis, employing open coding, was conducted with source triangulation to ensure validity. Results: STBM implementation remains focused on Pillar 1 (Stop Open Defecation) with uneven achievement across subdistricts (ODF declaration in only 16.4% of villages despite 74.6% being triggered). Key implementation barriers included: (1) absence of village facilitators and formal STBM working groups; (2) weak post-triggering monitoring systems lacking formal community-to-health center reporting mechanisms; and (3) geographic constraints with conventional sanitation technologies proving unsuitable for wetland conditions. Additionally, a subsidy-oriented community culture hindered the adoption of behavior change. Conclusion: Effective CLTS implementation in wetland areas requires context-specific adaptations, including strengthened village-level institutions, locally adapted sanitation technologies, and formal post-ODF regulations. These findings contribute to understanding the geographical determinants of sanitation program effectiveness and highlight the importance of place-based approaches to achieve sustainable sanitation goals.
Evaluation of the dengue surveillance system during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gunungkidul Regency in 2021 Kamilia, Nadiyah; Utarini, Adi; Indriani, Citra
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 38 No 08 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v38i8.5006

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to pinpoint the gaps in the Gunungkidul Regency's dengue monitoring system's implementation. Methods: Using the descriptive design. In the Gunungkidul Regency, questionnaires were used to collect primary data from the Health Office, 30 Public Health Centers, 3 Hospitals, and 1 Clinic. The d engue surveillance system assessment standard integrates the surveillance system system concept from the 2001 CDC guidelines with the attributes (Simplicity, Data Quality, Data Stability, Representation, System Acceptance, and Timeliness) and d engue surveillance system standards by directives from the Director General of Desease control of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2017. Results: Clinical criteria are used in Gunungkidul Regency to define dengue cases, whereas serological tests, such as NS-1, are rarely used there. Up to 4 (14%) of the health facilities had trouble accurately collecting reports of hospital suspicions, such as when the patient's residence was unclear and when they received treatment. According to 21 (70%) of the health centers, suspect reports were frequently collected from patients who had been admitted to hospitals outside the area. Notification letters were given to patients who had completed their treatment. The distribution of cases and the projection of an increase in instances cannot be accurately described using data from data management, as the data is not updated on a daily basis. Up to 15 health centers (50%) reported that hospital reports were frequently delayed. Conclusion: Weaknesses in the dengue surveillance system, particularly in the characteristics of simplicity, quality, data stability, and timeliness, contributed to an increase in the number of dengue cases from 2018 to 2020 in Gunungkidul Regency.
Immune response in IGF-1 and growth parameters among infected children Ardianah, Eva; Widjaja, Nur Aisiyah; Indriani, Diah; Melaniani, Soenarnatalina; Kuntoro; Wibowo, Arief; Notobroto, Hari Basuki; Purnomo, Windhu; Indawati, Rachmah; Saputro, Sigit Ari; Santoso, Febrina Mustika; Puspitasari, Ria; Pebriaini, Prisma Andita; Nurfidaus, Yasmine; Irawan, Roedi; Hidayat, Boerhan; Hidayati, Siti Nurul; Hanindita, Meta Herdiana
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 41 No 08 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i08.18379

Abstract

Purpose: Infections in children can affect weight gain and linear growth by influencing metabolism and nutrition. Chronic inflammation results in growth failure mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and poor nutritional intake, which affects the GH/IGF-1 axis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the inflammatory response on children's anthropometry, particularly HAZ, and the role of IGF-1. Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from September 2021 to July 2022. The study involved children diagnosed with infections. The subjects had undergone a physical and laboratory investigation, which included a thorax photo, urine culture, Mantoux test, and complete blood test in a hospital setting. A complete medical history was obtained from the pediatrician. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition was 37.33%; the prevalence of underweight/severely underweight, stunted/severely stunted, and wasted/severely wasted was 25.33%, 30.66%, and 14.67% respectively. Stunted/severely stunted was more prevalent in subjects under 2 years old, compared to subjects more than 2 years old (22/41 vs. 7/34, p=0.014). SEM analysis revealed that the inflammatory response affected IGF-1 levels (r=0.850, p=0.000), while IGF-1 affected body composition (r=0.245, p=0.025), and then affected HAZ (r=1.000, p=0.000). The effect of IGF-1 on HAZ appears to be indirect, acting through body composition. Parental height has a weak, albeit significant, effect on body composition (r=0.101, p=0.025) and HAZ (r=0.192, p=0.040). Univariate analysis revealed strong correlations between IL-6 and IL-10 and IGF-1 (r=0.870, p=0.000 and 0.876, p=0.000, respectively). In contrast, parental height showed a correlation with HAZ/LAZ (r=0.319, p=0.000). Maternal height was correlated positively with WAZ (r=0.320, p=0.044). Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting among children under two years of age indicates that early childhood constitutes a critical period for intervention in growth and development. Inflammatory response has been demonstrated to influence IGF-1 levels in children. The role of IGF-1 on HAZ was mediated by body composition.

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