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Shofwan Al Banna Choiruzzad
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INDONESIA
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 14115492     EISSN : 25798251     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/global
Core Subject :
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional is a biannual peer-reviewed journal that specialises in foreign policy, international security, international political economy, and transnational issues involving actors of the Global South, having implications towards the Global South, or perspectives from the Global South that are often overlooked in the mainstream journals in the Global North. With its first issue published in 1990, Global is the oldest university-based journal of International Relations in Indonesia, a historically leading actor in the Global South. Hosted by the Department of International Relations, Universitas Indonesia, Global has been serving as one of the primary platforms for ideas exchanges among Indonesia’s most influential thinkers and beyond. In its attempt to internationalise and further bridge the North and South perspectives, the journal welcomes submission of manuscripts that would be of interest to scholarly communities and policymakers. For this purpose, since 2019 Global only publishes articles in English. Global publishes two types of articles: original research articles offering theory-driven empirical analysis and review articles that critically examine contemporary debates in International Relations literature.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 233 Documents
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GENDER, SECURITY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE NEXUS: TAKING VIOLENCE PREVENTION SERIOUSLY IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH Hanifah, Laila, Ms
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 1
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According to prior studies, a significant proportion of individuals affected by conflict regularly demonstrate that women experience violence to a greater extent. As the Cold War era came to an end, trends in major armed conflicts began to shift. Climate change has emerged as a new non-traditional security threat around the world, similar to traditional security challenges. The UNFCC recognises that women are disproportionately vulnerable and bear a greater burden from the impacts of climate change. Yet despite this, women are often marginalised from discourses on security. Research on security, gender and climate change shows that the consequences of climate change, such as disasters, water scarcity and food insecurity, have a significant impact on conflict and violence, particularly increasing sexual and gender-based violence. Ultimately, this article shows that women's different experiences and knowledge are critical to consider in security projects in the global South to minimise conflict and build a global society that is resilient to climate change. Using literature review case studies in Haiti, South Sudan, Somalia, Zimbabwe and Indonesia, this article presents an overview of security projects in the South that aim to prevent violence. It also provides a balanced critique of existing efforts at the intersection of gender, security, and climate change.
UNVEILING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIMES NETWORKS: MARITIME NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN KEPULAUAN RIAU Riyadi, Sayed Fauzan; Setiawan, Azhari; Putra, Ardi; Rivai, Aspin Nur Arifin
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 2
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Maritime routes in Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia, serve as pivotal entry points for narcotics trafficking and smuggling within the Southeast Asian region. This study delves into the establishment and evolution of these illicit networks by examining three key variables: demographic and socio-economic characteristics, operating structures and classifications, methods, means, and funding sources. Leveraging an analysis of 355 court rulings records, the authors constructed a comprehensive dataset encompassing these variables. The findings underscore the intricate nature of narcotics trafficking networks, spanning from production to distribution, with involvement at various levels across diverse demographics. Notably, the exorbitant earnings potential, with couriers fetching up to 700 million rupiahs, underscores the financial allure of the narcotics trade. Moreover, the research elucidates the pivotal role of public transportation modes, including ships, planes, and speed boats, in facilitating these illicit activities. Furthermore, the intricate web of relationships among defendants, ranging from familial to social ties, underscores the complex nature of these networks. The authors argue that effective law enforcement and prevention strategies necessitate a nuanced understanding of these social dynamics to combat narcotics operations effectively. The implication is that law enforcement and prevention must focus on specific individuals or groups and recognize patterns of social relationships utilized in narcotics operations.
INDONESIA’S DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: THE PATH OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES GLOBAL EXPANSION Bachtiar, Farahdiba Rahma
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 2
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Following the Asian Crisis, many believed that the era of the developmental state model had ended. However, amidst debates of pros and cons, there was a strong tendency to observe that, before the Jokowi administration, several Indonesian government policies were highly interventionist. This article examines the possibility that the developmental state model will no longer continue in Indonesia, which is merely a myth. Using a qualitative research approach that draws on various literature, including data from 2022–2024 and field research findings in Indonesia during the 2015–2021 period, this article argues that the developmental model has evolved toward a more practical and pragmatic approach. However, this article takes a different perspective than previous literature on Indonesia's developmental state model. By focusing on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) such as PT Perkebunan Nusantara, PT Semen Indonesia, and PT Pertamina, the article highlights three main points: first, the formation of holding companies enables SOEs to become strong economic players; second, the ambition behind the creation of these holdings is political; and third, the expansion trend reflects the government’s commitment to strengthening the role of SOEs in national development. These three points indicate that Indonesia has transformed into a neo-developmental state model, at least since the SBY administration, followed by Jokowi. Ultimately, although the global expansion policy faces challenges, this does not signify the failure of Indonesia as a developmental state.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PONTIFICATE OF THE POPE JOHN PAUL II IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Azevedo, M. Manuel
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 2
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This work analyses Pope John Paul II’s contributions and attitudes as an international relations Actor. In this context, the research question that guides this work is as follows in terms of global governance, how did the conduct carried out by Pope John Paul II strengthen him as a Model Power? John Paul II inaugurated a new phase of the Vatican’s foreign policy. His diplomacy in mediation and conflict resolution stands out as a fundamental pillar of his pontificate, contributing to the fall of the communist regime in Poland and many other conflicts such as the mediation of the Holy See in the Beagle Channel, Falklands War, Gulf Wars and Balkan War. In the religious dominion, John Paul II intensified inter-religious dialogue with Jewish, Muslim and Buddhists. Regarding Papal trips, they played an extremely relevant role not only from a religious perspective but also from a political and social perspective. Protecting the environment and life was also among John Paul II’s concerns. The Pope clarified that the Church cannot be indifferent to how humans relate to nature. In summary, the words of John Paul II had a significant impact on the political world and civil society, with him being considered a great statesman of the 20th century; in this sense, he could be viewed as a relevant actor in international relations and a Model Power.
MORAL POSITIONING IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTES BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINES AND CHINA Ramadhani, Eryan
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 2
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For the past two decades, disputes between the Philippines and China over the South China Sea (SCS) have experienced continuous escalation. Benigno Aquino III filed an arbitration case against China. This legal success was later overturned by Rodrigo Duterte in exchange for closer relations with China. However, his decision did not cease hostility in the SCS. Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. then brought the Philippines back on legal track and steered the country closer to the United States, which further heightened tensions. Built on this background, this article intends to explain the unceasing escalation in the SCS using Positioning Theory (PT). This study finds that both Manila and Beijing used moral positioning under two major themes: maintenance of regional peace and stability and adherence to the rule of law. Positioned as a responsible member of the international community, each side claimed to be the right one while denigrating the other. Such a position was manifested through storylines, and as they unfolded, the social meaning behind moral positioning was revealed. Through the positioning triad―storylines, position, and social meaning―the Philippines and China co-constructed the social realities of the SCS. That neither side acknowledged the other’s positioning made the conflict over the SCS intractable.
INDONESIA-FRANCE DEFENCE COOPERATION: STRENGTHENING NAVAL POWER WITH SCORPENE SUBMARINE AMID REGIONAL DYNAMICS Ardiansyah, Ruben Firman; Widnyana, I Gede Wahyu; Rofii, Muhammad Syaroni
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 2
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This study examines Indonesia’s submarine procurement cooperation with France, analysing whether it provides the appropriate amount of power to ensure Indonesia’s survival amid the great power rivalry in the Indo-Pacific region. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research applies the framework of defensive realism to examine the power to survive. The findings suggest that Indonesia’s choice of the Scorpene-class submarine aligns with its primary security objective. The advanced lithium-ion technology in these submarines offers superior operational endurance and stealth capabilities compared to the conventional submarine technology provided by South Korea and Turkey. The Transfer of Technology (ToT) agreement with France allows Indonesia to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers by building submarines domestically through PT PAL. Furthermore, Indonesia’s submarine possession and future procurement plans are unlikely to disrupt the current distribution of power in the region significantly. By adopting a strategy focused on survival rather than aggression or dominance, Indonesia ensures its sovereignty is protected while avoiding escalating regional conflicts
THE GRAND ETHIOPIAN RENAISSANCE DAM AND THE SHIFTING BALANCE OF POWER IN THE HORN OF AFRICA Ramadhan, Muhammad Fauzan Rizki
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 2
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This article briefly explains the correlation between Ethiopia’s ambitious GERD project and the potential shift in power distribution in the region known as the Horn of Africa. The GERD (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) is a hydroelectric dam designed to drive economic growth by harnessing the Nile River as its core. Focusing on a regional-level analysis, this article will examine the relationship between the completion of the project and the shift in power distribution between Egypt as the local status-quo power, and Ethiopia as the regional challenger. Thus, the dramatic transition in regional structure is related to categorizing the Nile River as a finite natural resource. Using the multiple hierarchy model derived from power transition theory, this article sees that Egypt and Ethiopia view the Nile River as their primary national interest. Both countries perceive the reduced access to the river’s water as an existential threat to their sovereignty and safety. Thus, The GERD project becomes an instrument for Ethiopia to enhance its structural position as a challenger to Egyptian hegemony and gain the right to a more equitable water allocation. Thus, the completion of the project could pose a real threat not only to Egypt’s structural position but also to its survival as a state.
SPECIAL STATUS OF AFRICAN REGIONAL STATES IN THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY Soedjianto, Felicia Ratnasari; Hanura, Marten; Zuliyan, Muhammad Arief
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 27, No. 1
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Through the mandate of UNCLOS 1982 and the 1994 Agreement, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) exists as a regulatory regime for activities in the international seabed area. Interestingly, African countries are privileged over other countries by occupying the most seats on the ISA Council. In addition, the ISA's commitment to supporting the blue economy through the Africa Deep Seabed Resources project also accentuates the privileges of African countries. African countries' technological, financial, and knowledge capacity is minimal in seabed mining. Apart from this problem, this research aims to analyse the fundamental reasons for the ISA's actions that give privileges to African countries in international seabed mining. Using the theory of knowledge-based international regimes and the concept of productive power as analytical tools, this research finds that granting special status to African countries is driven by the formation of shared knowledge and the dominance of the productive power of African countries in the ISA. The absence of a strong superpower in establishing the ISA regime also reinforced the supremacy of productive power.
THE SPREAD OF CHINA’S CULTURAL SOFT POWER THROUGH THE CHINESE NEW YEAR FESTIVAL IN PONTIANAK Thedeus, Kevin; Nuraeni, Nuraeni
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 27, No. 1
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Chinese New Year (CNY) celebration is one of the biggest celebrations for the Chinese Indonesians in Pontianak. This celebration allows the Chinese ethnic groups to remember and maintain their traditional roots while living in the host country. However, the high interest from non-Chinese Indonesians in visiting and participating in the CNY celebration raises questions about whether this diasporic activity unintentionally strengthens the favourability of the Indonesian people towards China and is used as a means of China's soft power. This study will discuss the spread of culture from the CNY Festival in Pontianak, which can serve as an instrument of China's soft power. This study uses a quantitative method through a survey of 384 samples and simple linear regression analysis. The variables used in this study are the Love of Listening to Music (Y1) and the Desire to Learn Mandarin (Y2), with the X variable being the CNY Festival. The research shows that the CNY Festival that is hosted by the Chinese community actually attracts and gives a positive impression of Chinese music and Mandarin language to native Indonesians, hence creating interest in Chinese music and the will to learn Mandarin. If utilised well, the diaspora can become a new soft power instrument for China.
REFORMING ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN RESPONSE TO INDONESIA’S NICKEL INDUSTRIAL POLICY: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES Rosada, Farah
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 27, No. 1
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This study evaluates the effectiveness of Indonesia’s environmental policy reforms in the nickel sector as a response to global criticism regarding ecocidal practices. Indonesia's nickel industry plays a crucial role in the global supply chain, especially in meeting the demand for electric vehicles. However, the ecological impacts of this industry have drawn international scrutiny, particularly from environmental organisations highlighting extensive ecosystem damage. Using environmental security theory, this study focuses on evaluating policy reforms, such as the revision of Environmental Impact Assessments (AMDAL) and the regulation of hazardous and toxic waste (B3), as well as their impacts on ecosystem sustainability and social stability. The findings indicate that policy reforms tend to be reactive and face substantial implementation challenges in the field, which limits their effectiveness in reducing environmental degradation. Additionally, this research contributes to the environmental governance literature by highlighting the discrepancy between policy and practice, particularly in developing countries that face significant challenges in meeting global sustainability standards. The results of this study suggest that Indonesia requires a stronger and more sustainable governance approach to address global sustainability demands.

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