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International Journal of Economics (IJEC)
Published by PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2961712X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55299/ijec
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) E-ISSN. 2961-712X is a refereed publication that comes to address the Economic and Administration challenges that economic units of various nature face in today’s rapidly changing international economic environment. It is designed to publish original and high quality research work that will cast light in contemporary issues and will pave the way for the application of mould-braking solutions. IJEC’s general scope is to stimulate, promote and disseminate contemporary research that will have a significant impact on the theory and practice of Businesses, Public Organizations and other Institutions. IJEC’s aims to bridge the gap between theoretical developments and applied, policy-oriented research, becoming the ideal vehicle of advancing innovative ideas in the framework of entities’ economic management and general administration. In this context, the International Journal of Economics (IJEC) is bound to have a distinctive interdisciplinary profile, destined to cover a wide variety of topics spanning from Business Economics to Management, Finance, Accounting, Insurance, Risk Management, Auditing, Banking, International Economics, and Social Science. The ultimate mission of the International Journal of Economics (IJEC) is to constitute a valuable resource of scientific knowledge and applied research results for academics, practitioners and policy-makers becoming an indispensable ally in tackling modern economy’s challenges.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (semua kategori) - Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 708 Documents
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Analysis of the Influence of Transformational Leadership Style, Work Motivation, and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable at PT BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda Mohamad Ilham Putra Arifin; Siti Mujanah; Ida Aju Brahma Ratih
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.2004

Abstract

PT. BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda is one of the regional financial institutions that has a strategic role in supporting the economy of Jombang Regency. As a Regionally-Owned Enterprise (BUMD), Bank Jombang is not only profit-oriented, but also on public service and community economic empowerment. In carrying out this role, Bank Jombang faces various challenges, both internally and externally. Competition with other financial institutions such as commercial banks, cooperatives, and digital financial platforms demands innovation and improvement in the quality of human resources. Therefore, systematic managerial efforts are needed to optimize employee potential so that they can work productively and result-oriented. Employees at PT BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda show that there are still variations in the level of performance between employees, both in terms of productivity, speed of service, and quality of work, which is a phenomenon in this study. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Transformational Leadership Style, work motivation, and work environment on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable at PT BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda. This study uses a quantitative method with primary data sources obtained from distributing questionnaires. The study population is employees of PT BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda. Respondents were selected using a saturated non-probability sampling method with 100 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The results showed that the variables of transformational leadership style, work motivation, and work environment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance through employee job satisfaction at PT BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda
The Mediating Role of Brand Awareness and Customer Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Brand Image, Service Quality, Product Quality, and Customer Loyalty Riski Sugiarti; Ida Bagus Cempena; Estik Hari Prastiwi
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.2014

Abstract

This study examines the influence of brand image, service quality, and product quality on customer loyalty through the mediating roles of brand awareness and customer satisfaction at PT Kao Indonesia Surabaya. Using a quantitative causal approach, data were collected from 260 customers through structured questionnaires. The analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that brand image, service quality, and product quality have direct positive and significant effects on customer loyalty. Brand awareness significantly mediates the relationship between brand image and customer loyalty. However, customer satisfaction does not mediate the brand image-loyalty relationship due to the pragmatic characteristics of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) consumers who prioritize functional product performance over abstract brand prestige. Both brand awareness and customer satisfaction significantly mediate the effects of product quality and service quality on customer loyalty. These findings contribute to marketing theory by demonstrating that in low-involvement product categories, cognitive brand recall dominates loyalty formation compared to satisfaction-based pathways. Practical implications suggest that FMCG companies should prioritize product quality consistency and service excellence over abstract brand image campaigns to maintain sustainable customer loyalty
Doom Spending and Financial Independence: Evidence from Across Generation in Indonesia Ririn Nopiah; Cikit Apriyanti
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital technology and social media has fundamentally transformed consumer behavior, contributing to the emergence of doom spending, a compulsive emotional purchasing pattern triggered by stress, negative news exposure, and algorithm-driven content. This study examines generational differences in doom-spending tendencies in Indonesia, focusing on Generation Z, Millennials, and Generation X, and identifies key determinants influencing this behavior within the digital consumption ecosystem. Using data from 300 respondents collected through an online questionnaire, this study applies the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess intergenerational differences and employs ordinal logistic regression to estimate the influence of media use, content exposure, and payment methods on doom spending. The results reveal significant generational variation, with Millennials demonstrating the highest intensity of doom spending, followed by Generation Z and Generation X. The intensity of Facebook use, engagement with product reviews, and exposure to content related to clothing, food and beverages, and gadgets/accessories significantly increase the likelihood of doom spending. Furthermore, the use of cash and credit card payment methods raises the probability of doom-spending behavior, respectively. The findings also show that the majority of purchased items are non-essential goods and that most respondents acknowledge the negative impact of doom spending on their financial independence. This study highlights the urgent need for policy interventions related to financial literacy, digital self-control, and the development of spending-limitation features on social media and e-commerce platforms. Strengthening these aspects is essential, particularly for Millennials, who are identified as the most vulnerable generation.
Green Supply Chain Management Strategy and Sustainable Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Regulatory Pressure and Green Literacy on Export SMES in North Sumatra Abdelina; Lilis Saryani Lubis; Juwita Handayani; Ahmad Sayuti Pulungan
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.2028

Abstract

This study aims to analyze Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) strategies in enhancing sustainable financial performance among export SMEs in North Sumatra, examining the moderating roles of regulatory pressure and green literacy. Employing a qualitative approach with a multi-site case study design, this research involved 18 export SMEs from the plantation (palm oil, rubber, coffee), fisheries, and handicraft sectors across Medan, Deli Serdang, and Serdang Bedagai regencies. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis from March to August 2025. The findings reveal that GSCM implementation contributes positively to sustainable financial performance through operational cost efficiency, expanded export market access, and strengthened reputation among international buyers. Regulatory pressure is proven to strengthen the GSCM-financial performance relationship, while green literacy serves as a catalyst for enhancing the effectiveness of green strategy implementation. This research provides theoretical contributions to the development of GSCM models within the SME context in developing economies, as well as practical implications for policymakers and business actors in formulating sustainability strategies oriented toward long-term financial performance
The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement in the Relationship between Digital Transformational Leadership and Organizational Agility in Indonesian Manufacturing SMEs Dolly Putra Parlindungan; Widya Pratiwi; Ariyanto Masnun; Obing Zaid Sobir; Nirmala Haty Harahap; Melati Sukma Dewi Lasubang
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.2052

Abstract

This study examines the mediating role of employee engagement in the relationship between digital transformational leadership and organizational agility within manufacturing SMEs in North Sumatra. The digital era demands that organizations, particularly small and medium enterprises in emerging economies, exhibit agility to remain competitive. While digital transformational leadership is recognized as a driver of such agility, the specific mechanisms facilitating this relationship require further investigation, especially in contexts like Indonesia where employee engagement may be pivotal. Grounded in the Resource-Based View, this research employs a quantitative approach. Data were collected via structured questionnaires from 180 respondents across 60 manufacturing SMEs in North Sumatra, including owners, managers, and supervisors. The conceptual model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The findings reveal that digital transformational leadership significantly and positively influences organizational agility (β = 0.312, p < 0.001) and employee engagement (β = 0.623, p < 0.001). Employee engagement also significantly affects organizational agility (β = 0.498, p < 0.001). Furthermore, employee engagement mediates the relationship between digital transformational leadership and organizational agility (β = 0.310, p < 0.001). This study contributes to the literature by clarifying the underlying role of employee engagement in translating digital leadership into organizational responsiveness. For practitioners, the findings provide actionable insights for SME leaders in Indonesia on how to strategically foster employee engagement to maximize the benefits of digital transformation, thereby enhancing organizational agility and long-term sustainability.
The Autonomy Externality: A Welfare-Economic Model of Agentic Artificial Intelligence, Correlated Failure, and Optimal Assurance Policy Kwan Hong TAN
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.2022

Abstract

Agentic artificial intelligence is shifting automation from prediction and recommendation toward autonomous execution. This transition creates an economic externality that is not captured by conventional firm-level investment models. A firm receives much of the productivity benefit from delegating decisions to an artificial intelligence agent, while part of the expected loss from correlated errors, shared model dependencies, common data suppliers, and synchronized actions can be transmitted to customers, counterparties, markets, and public institutions. This paper develops a welfare-economic model of the autonomy externality. Firms jointly choose an autonomy level and an assurance effort that reduces residual operational risk. Systemic loss is represented by a quadratic network term whose strength depends on cross-firm failure correlation. The model yields closed-form private and socially optimal choices, establishes that correlated failure raises privately excessive autonomy and depresses assurance intensity, and derives an assurance-adjusted residual-risk levy that decentralizes the social optimum. A stylized numerical calibration shows that the welfare wedge is small when failures are nearly idiosyncratic but expands sharply as common dependence rises. At a cross-firm correlation of 0.80, the socially optimal autonomy level falls from 0.973 to 0.813, assurance rises from 0.404 to 0.688, and residual risk declines by approximately 59.5 percent. Monte Carlo robustness analysis across 193,446 admissible parameter draws confirms the direction of all principal results. Policy comparisons indicate that autonomy caps and assurance floors are inferior to instruments that price residual risk and reduce common dependencies. The paper contributes a tractable economic foundation for governing agentic artificial intelligence through risk-sensitive levies, assurance credits, provider diversification, interoperability, incident reporting, and sector-specific systemic-risk supervision.
Employee Experience in the AI Era: How Human-Centered Leadership and Digital Competence Shape Innovative Work Behavior Riris Ambarwati; Azahraty; Yudi Permana
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.2081

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of Human-Centered Leadership and Digital Competence on Innovative Work Behavior, with Employee Experience as a mediating variable, in organizations in Banjarmasin City that have adopted digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). The study used a quantitative approach with a purposive sampling technique on 357 respondents working in ten organizational sectors, including banking, government, hospitals, universities, technology companies, modern retail, logistics, telecommunications, hospitality, and professional services. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression and PROCESS Macro Hayes Model 4 with a bootstrap technique of 5,000 samples. The results showed that Human-Centered Leadership and Digital Competence had a positive and significant effect on Employee Experience, and Employee Experience had a positive and significant effect on Innovative Work Behavior. Human-Centered Leadership and Digital Competence were also shown to have a direct effect on Innovative Work Behavior. Furthermore, Employee Experience was shown to partially mediate the relationship between Human-Centered Leadership and Digital Competence on Innovative Work Behavior. These findings confirm that the success of AI transformation in human resource management depends not only on technological readiness but also on humanistic leadership, employee digital competence, and the perceived quality of the work experience. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to the development of adaptive human resource strategies in the era of artificial intelligence, particularly in the context of Indonesia's collectivist culture.
The Mediating Role of Motivation and Conflict of Interest in the Effect of Managerial Leadership and Communication on the Performance of Ad Hoc Bodies of the General Elections Commission (KPU) of Nduga Regency Rudy Waisimon; Yohanis Rante; Jack H. Syauta; Arius Kambu
International Journal of Economics (IJEC) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): July-December
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijec.v5i2.2093

Abstract

The performance of ad hoc electoral management bodies is a decisive factor for electoral integrity at the field level; however, research on these organizations in geographically extreme regions remains limited and has generally not framed them as temporary organizations. This study aims to examine the effects of managerial leadership and communication on the performance of the ad hoc bodies of the General Elections Commission (KPU) of Nduga Regency, both directly and through the mediation of conflict of interest and motivation. Employing a quantitative approach with 105 respondents drawn from ad hoc body members, the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the aid of SmartPLS. The results indicate that communication is the strongest predictor of performance (β = 0.449; p < 0.001), followed by motivation (β = 0.263) and managerial leadership (β = 0.220), whereas conflict of interest exerts a negative effect (β = −0.119). The model accounts for 91.3% of the variance in performance. Motivation emerged as the most dominant mediator (β = 0.154), while conflict of interest mediated only the communication–performance path and failed to mediate the leadership path. The study concludes that strengthening organizational communication represents the most effective strategy for enhancing performance while simultaneously mitigating conflict of interest within temporary electoral management organizations operating in geographically and socially challenging regions.

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