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Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 20897200     EISSN : 23390948     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.581
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
FOCUS AND SCOPE Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences offers scientists, researchers, and other professionals to share knowledge of scientific advancements. The journal will publish original research articles, review articles, short communication, and letter to editor. The area of focus should cover all aspects of food and pharmaceutical sciences. The range of topics covered in the journal include: New Horizons in Food Research Food Chemistry Integrated Food Science Health, Nutrition, and Food Food Engineering, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety Food Microbiology and Safety Drug Discovery Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Protein-Peptide Chemistry Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Drug Delivery, and Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Transport Metabolism Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Chemistry Natural Medicine and Nutraceutical Chemical Processing of Pharmaceuticals including Crystallization, Lyophilization, and Chemical Stability of Drugs Immunology, Biochemistry, and Cell and Molecular Biology
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 307 Documents
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Dragon Fruit Stem Powder as a Suspending Agent in Ibuprofen Suspension: Formulation and Characterization Nellisa Salsabila; Ririn Suharsanti; Intan Martha Cahyani
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.29116

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the tropical countries that produces dragon fruit which is an antioxidant. The high market demand for dragon fruit encourages farmers to increase yields by pruning plant stems, thus increasing waste. Dragon fruit stem powder contains cellulose which has the potential to be a suspending agent in ibuprofen suspension preparations. This study aims to obtain information about the effect of different concentrations of dragon fruit stem powder as a suspending agent on the physical characteristics of ibuprofen suspensions and to determine the concentration of dragon fruit stem powder as a suspending agent that can provide good physical characteristics of ibuprofen suspensions. Ibuprofen suspensions were made with different concentrations of dragon fruit stem powder, namely 5%; 7.5%; 10%. The suspension preparation was tested for physical characteristics including organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, sedimentation ratio, and particle size. The test results were analyzed using a statistical approach using parametric and non-parametric tests with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was an effect of different concentrations of dragon fruit stem powder as a suspending agent on the physical characteristics of ibuprofen suspensions. The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (Sig.<0.05) in the physical characteristics of ibuprofen suspension preparations including: pH and viscosity, while particle size and sedimentation ratio were not significantly different (Sig.>0.05) in Formula II and Formula III. The concentration of 7.5% dragon fruit stem powder as a suspending agent in ibuprofen suspension was the concentration that provided the best physical characteristics.
SI FAWALARA: A Sustainable Facial Wash Formulated with Sea Grape (Caulerpa sp.) and Soapnut (Sapindus rarak) Extracts Novitarini Novitarini; Salsabila Yunita Kurniawan
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.24966

Abstract

Synthetic surfactants, such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), are widely used in facial wash formulations but may contribute to environmental pollution and skin irritation. The development of biosurfactant-based facial wash products using natural ingredients represents a promising strategy to support sustainable cosmetics. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a facial wash containing Sea Grape (Caulerpa sp.) extract and Soapnut (Sapindus rarak) extract, designated as Facial Wash with Sea Grape and Soapnut Extract (SI FAWALARA). Three formulations containing 5%, 15%, and 25% soapnut extract were prepared while maintaining sea grape extract at 1.5%. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, pH, foam stability, total plate count, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar well diffusion method, and skin irritation in mice. Data were analyzed using parametric or non-parametric statistical tests at a 95% confidence level. All formulations complied with liquid soap quality requirements, exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties, demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against both test bacteria, and produced no signs of erythema or edema during the irritation test. The formulation with the highest soapnut extract concentration showed the greatest antibacterial activity. These findings demonstrate that SI FAWALARA is a safe and effective biosurfactant-based facial wash with the potential to reduce reliance on synthetic surfactants, thereby supporting the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly cosmetic products.
Integrated in vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant-Related, and Preliminary Acute Oral Toxicity Responses to Gracilaria gracilis Extract Andriani Noerlita Ningrum; Yesi Ihdina Fityatal Hasanah
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26118

Abstract

Inflammation and oxidative stress reinforce one another and are important targets in the development of marine-derived pharmacological candidates. This study evaluated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-related effects of an ethanol extract of BRIN-authenticated Gracilaria gracilis and included a separate preliminary single-dose oral toxicity assessment. Dried seaweed (300 g) was macerated with 96% ethanol in three 24-h cycles at a 1:3 (w/v) ratio, producing 24.5 g extract (8.17%, w/w). Qualitative screening detected flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and glycosides. Untargeted LC-HRMS profiling of the same extract generated 325 ion features and 51 candidate annotations distributed across five broad metabolite classes. In the efficacy arm, 25 male Wistar rats received vehicle, diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), or extract at 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg (n=5/group) before carrageenan induction. Four-hour paw-response inhibition was 53.7%, 69.1%, and 73.6%, respectively, compared with 76.9% for diclofenac. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) declined dose-dependently from 90.3±13.5 µM MDA equivalents in the vehicle group to 60.2±8.4, 44.8±5.8, and 37.9±4.5 µM. In the preliminary toxicity arm, male Wistar rats received vehicle or a single oral dose of 300, 2000, or 5000 mg/kg and were followed for 14 days. Group-level day-15 data showed increased AST and urea at the upper doses, accompanied by mild descriptive liver and kidney alterations. Because clinical-observation logs, diagnostic-kit details, and standardized blinded histopathological scoring were incomplete, these findings are interpreted as preliminary toxicity signals and cannot establish an LD50, a formal hazard category, or safety up to 5000 mg/kg. The results provide exploratory in vivo proof of concept for G. gracilis while identifying the need for quantitative standardization, mechanism-focused studies, and confirmatory safety evaluation.
Computational Pipeline for Antimalarial Lead Discovery from Mangosteen Xanthones: ADMET Prediction, Molecular Docking, and MAIP-CHEMBL Screening Joanne Theophilia Winata; Fitriana Nur Hanifah; Akhmad Kharis Nugroho
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26200

Abstract

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel contains diverse xanthone derivatives with reported pharmacological activities, including antimalarial potential. This study employed a computational pipeline integrating pkCSM, molecular docking, and MAIP-CHEMBL to evaluate 33 xanthone compounds for drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and antimalarial activity. pkCSM analysis revealed that most compounds met Lipinski’s Rule of Five and exhibited favorable ADMET profiles. Twelve compounds were selected for docking against Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), all demonstrating stronger binding affinity than the native ligand oxamate and antimalarial drug (chloroquine). Further screening using MAIP-CHEMBL identified compound 27 as a top-ranked candidate with high predicted antimalarial potency. These findings support the potential of mangosteen-derived xanthones as antimalarial leads and highlight the utility of integrated in silico approaches in early-stage drug discovery.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) against Bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Fungus Candida albicans Ika Kurnia Sukmawati; Siti Musdalifah; Widhya Aligita
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26968

Abstract

Infectious diseases can be transmitted between individuals and from animals to humans. Infectious diseases are caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, which can trigger immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of an ethanolic extract of sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using the paper disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined using the microdilution method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine microbial cell damage following exposure to the extract to determine microbial cell damage due to exposure to test extracts. The disc diffusion assay showed that the sungkai leaf extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The MIC value of the ethanol extract of sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) with an MIC of 256 μg/mL and an MBC of 512 μg/mL, against Streptococcus mutans bacteria, whereas the MIC and MBC values against Staphylococcus aureus were 8,192 and 32,768 μg/mL, respectively and the MIC and MFC values against Candida albicans were both 512 μg/mL. SEM observations revealed morphological changes in Streptococcus mutans cells exposed to the ethanolic extract, including cellular deformation, irregular surfaces, and signs of lysis of sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) against Streptococcus mutans morphological changes appear deformed cells, with irregular surfaces, and indications of lysis. These findings indicate that sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens Jack) ethanol extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with varying levels of effectiveness, and causes morphological alterations in S. mutans cells.
Simultaneous Detection of Bovine and Porcine DNA in Meat Products using Duplex Real-Time PCR Method for Halal Authentication Mariyani Mariyani; Apriliani Kartini; Ludfia Ramadani; Joni Tandi; Yasinta Rakanita; Viani Anggi; Rahmawati Salsa Dinurrosifa
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27083

Abstract

Assuring the halal status of meat based food products requires analytical methods that are sensitive and specific and can detect cross contamination. This study aims to develop and validate a SYBR Green based duplex real-time PCR method for the simultaneous detection of bovine (Bos taurus) and porcine (Sus scrofa domesticus) DNA in meatball products. DNA was isolated using the Geneaid DNA Isolation Kit, analyzed qualitatively by electrophoresis, and quantitatively by Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The annealing temperature was optimized at 50–60°C. The specificity test showed a Tm of 75–76°C for the Beef primer and 81.5°C for the porcine primer, with no cross amplification or dimers in the NTC. The duplex method detected both targets simultaneously with an LOD of 0.0005 ng/ µL. The standard curve had a slope of 2.79, efficiency of 128%, and R² of 0.932. Repeatability testing showed an average RSD of 2.829% (meeting the RSD ≤ 25% requirement). Analysis of meatball samples from the market showed bovine DNA without porcine DNA contamination. These results prove that the duplex real-time PCR method has high sensitivity and specificity for halal product verification.
Formulation Optimization of Diphenhydramine HCl Lotion using Palm Fat–Water Ratios Modeled by Simplex Lattice Design Lina Winarti; Adelya Resti Aanisah; Amirah Mohd Gazzali; Fahrauk Faramayuda; Evi Umayah Ulfa; Dwi Nurahmanto
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27407

Abstract

Palm fat is a natural base derived from a mixture of hydrogenated palm kernel oil and hydrogenated palm kernel stearin, containing triglycerides composed of glycerol and fatty acids. It has potential as an emollient base due to its stability, non-irritant properties, and compatibility with various active substances. However, its application in lotion formulations has not been widely explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of the palm fat-to-water ratio on the physical characteristics and to obtain the optimum formulation using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method for Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride lotion. Three formulations with varying proportions of palm fat and water (20–35% and 57.71–72.71%, respectively) were evaluated through physical characterization (organoleptic, homogeneity, and emulsion type), and response testing (pH, viscosity, spreadability, stability, and drug release flux). The optimum formulation was determined using Design-Expert 13.0.0 based on the desirability value. The results showed that the composition of palm fat and water had a significant impact on the physical characteristics and response variables. The optimum formula consisted of 32.285% palm fat and 53.863% distilled water, with a pH of 4.866; spreadability of 7 cm; viscosity of 34,969 mPas; release flux of 353.374 μg/cm²·min½; and a stability value of 0.753, resulting in a desirability value of 0.929. In conclusion, the composition of palm fat and water strongly influences the physical properties and drug release performance of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride lotion, and the Simplex Lattice Design effectively determines the optimal formulation.
Subchronic Oral Toxicity of the Ethanol Extract of Crinum asiaticum L. Leaves in Male Rattus norvegicus: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation Syilfia Hasti; Aulia Fitri; Melzi Octaviani; Husnawati Husnawati; Ratna Sari Dewi; Gressy Novita; Erniza Pratiwi; Sarah Amelia Azhar; Citra Prameswari; Saskira Windy Noviana; Widya Feranika; Yolanda Selviana Br Bangun; Maya Helmita Mahdar; Fina Aryani; Destiara Adisti; Selin Faysa Satiya
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27539

Abstract

Ethanol extract of Crinum asiaticum L. leaves (CAL) has been reported to possess pharmacological activities and to be suitable for development into a standardised herbal medicine. However, its safety profile remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of administering an ethanol extract of CAL leaves at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW on liver, heart, and kidney functions in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The test was conducted by repeated oral administration of the ethanol extract over 60 days. The parameters observed included blood biochemistry using a Mindray® BA-88A photometer, gross examination of the heart, and histopathological examination of the liver, heart, and kidney. The conclusion of this study is that repeated oral administration of the ethanol extract of Crinum asiaticum leaves for 60 days did not produce marked alterations in several routine biochemical parameters at the lower doses (200 and 400 mg/kgBW). However, dose-related microscopic and macroscopic changes were observed, particularly at 800 mg/kgBW, and early signs of organ alteration were also noted at intermediate dose levels. Therefore, the extract may be considered to show limited tolerability at lower doses under the present experimental conditions, whereas higher doses indicate potential toxicity to the liver, heart, and kidneys.
Innovative Gel Formulation Incorporating Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Nanoparticles: Physical Evaluation and Moisturizing Potential Eriska Agustin; Vira Shinta Patari; Siti Nurhikmah Pujiati
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27712

Abstract

Vernonia amygdalina exhibits relatively weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value greater than 200 ppm. This study aimed to evaluate the formulation of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract nanoparticle (NEDA) to enhance the absorption and stability of its active compounds in a gel preparation intended for use as a moisturizer. The NEDA was formulated using chitosan and NaTPP with the following compositions: F1 (1:10:1), F2 (1:15:1), and F3 (1:20:1). The concentrations of NEDA incorporated into the gel formulations were prepared in four variations: G0 (0%), G2 (5%), G2 (10%), and G3 (15%) using nanoparticles from the optimized F3 formula, with Carbopol employed as the gelling agent. The evaluation conducted on the formulations included particle size, particle morphology, organoleptic properties, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, moisturizing effect, and stability. The result showed that the particle size of NEDA F1, F2, F3 were 343±26.87 nm, 121.5±4.94 nm, and 81.5±0.70 nm, respectively. Transmision Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that the nanopartcile exhibited spherical morphology. The antioxidant activity evaluated using the DPPH method showed the IC50 of 194±0.86 ppm for the crude extract (EDA), whereas NEDA F3 demonstrated a stronger antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 124.5±0.67 ppm. The organoleptic testing indicated that the NEDA gel formulations G0, G1, and G2 were clear, while G3 appeared slightly cloudy; all formulas were homogeneous. The viscosity testing showed that the G0-G3 formulations ranged between 35000-49000 cP. The pH values of the gels were within the normal skin pH range (4,1-5,1). The spreadability and adhesiveness tests revealed values ranging from 4,5-5,2 cm an 3,7-4,8 seconds, respectively. The moisturizing effect evaluation performed on G2 demonstrated an increase in skin moisture from 40% to 47% after 2 hours of application. In conclusion, the NEDA gel formula G2 was determined to be the most optimal. No significant differences were observed in the physical evaluation parameters during 28 days of storage (P=0,220), indicating good formulation stability.
Processing Matters: Iron Content and Hedonic Acceptance of Chickpea Milk as a Potential Beverage for Anemia Prevention Fidyah Aminin; Zulya Erda; Juliana Christyaningsih; Sabtini Ika Putri; Siska Pratiwi; Haqqelni Nur Rosyidah; Citra Dewi Anggraini; Amalina Rizma; Herviana Herviana; Aura Bella Gizta
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 5 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.28051

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is a significant health issue among adolescent girls, particularly in Indonesia, and represents a key concern within midwifery practice due to its long-term implications for future maternal and neonatal health. This study employed an experimental laboratory-based design to evaluate the iron content and sensory acceptance of chickpea-based milk (Chilmilk) processed under different drying temperature–time combinations. Three formulations were prepared: F1 (80°C, 8 hours), F2 (70°C, 9 hours), and F3 (60°C, 10 hours). Iron content was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), while sensory evaluation was conducted using a 5-point hedonic test involving 29 untrained panelists. The results showed that F1 had the highest iron content (5.27 mg/35 g), while F3 had the lowest (1.94 mg/35 g). Sensory evaluation indicated similar acceptance across all formulations, with no significant differences in taste, aroma, color, texture, or overall liking. These findings suggest that F1 represents the most optimal formulation in terms of iron content while maintaining acceptable sensory characteristics. Chilmilk shows potential as a functional food that may support midwifery-led promotive and preventive strategies targeting anemia among adolescent girls. Future studies may explore flavor modifications and evaluate the effects of regular consumption on iron status and anemia outcomes.

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