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Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Science
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 20897200     EISSN : 23390948     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.581
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
FOCUS AND SCOPE Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences offers scientists, researchers, and other professionals to share knowledge of scientific advancements. The journal will publish original research articles, review articles, short communication, and letter to editor. The area of focus should cover all aspects of food and pharmaceutical sciences. The range of topics covered in the journal include: New Horizons in Food Research Food Chemistry Integrated Food Science Health, Nutrition, and Food Food Engineering, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety Food Microbiology and Safety Drug Discovery Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Protein-Peptide Chemistry Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Drug Delivery, and Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Transport Metabolism Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Chemistry Natural Medicine and Nutraceutical Chemical Processing of Pharmaceuticals including Crystallization, Lyophilization, and Chemical Stability of Drugs Immunology, Biochemistry, and Cell and Molecular Biology
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 291 Documents
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Optimization of the Essential Oil Toner Formula from Kaffir Lime Peel (Citrus hystrix DC.) and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity against Propionibacterium acnes Nesa Agistia; Alfina Nadia; Wira Noviana Suhery
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26887

Abstract

Acne is a multifactorial skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. It is a complex inflammatory condition, in which one of the contributing factors is infection by Propionibacterium acnes, which plays a central role in its pathogenesis. Lime peel essential oil is rich in limonene (approximately 32%), which is known for its potent antibacterial activity. This study aims to evaluate the interactive effects of surfactant and co-surfactant concentrations on key physicochemical parameters—namely pH and percentage transmittance- while also identifying the optimal formulation, as well as assessing its physical stability and antibacterial performance. Using a factorial experimental design, Tween 80 (20–25%) and propylene glycol (15–20%) demonstrated interactive effects on the measured responses. Higher concentrations of Tween 80 and propylene glycol resulted in increased pH and percentage transmittance of the toner. Among the variables, Tween 80 was found to be the most influential factor affecting the responses. The optimized toner formulation consisted of 25% Tween 80 and 20% propylene glycol. Verification of the optimal formula using a one-sample t-test showed no significant difference between the predicted values (obtained from Design-Expert) and the experimental results for pH and percentage transmittance, as indicated by a Sig. (2-tailed) value of > 0.05. These results indicate excellent clarity and an ideal pH profile; however, a decrease in pH was observed after 8 weeks of storage. In addition, the incorporation of 15% lime peel essential oil exhibited antibacterial activity, producing an inhibition zone of 21.1 mm against P. acnes.
Preliminary GC-MS Metabolite Profiling and Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus of Hypogymnia tubulosa from Tlogosari, Bondowoso-Indonesia Firman Alam Irlani; Elok Zakiya Azzahro; Ariefiona Shalsabyla Affandi; Ludmila Fitri Untari; Bawon Triatmoko; Ari Satia Nugraha
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.26931

Abstract

The rise of antimicrobial resistance has driven the search for new antibacterial agents derived from natural products, including lichens, which are known to contain diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. Hypogymnia tubulosa has been traditionally recognized for its medicinal value, yet its antibacterial properties and underlying mechanisms remain understudied. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites present in Hypogymnia tubulosa and evaluate their potential antibacterial mechanisms based on established biochemical activities. This study aimed to perform preliminary metabolite profiling of Hypogymnia tubulosa using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus using a microdilution assay. The lichen H. tubulosa was collected, authenticated, dried, and extracted using methanol, followed by fractionation in n-hexane. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against S. aureus using a microdilution assay to assess growth inhibition. Chemical profiling of the extract was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify secondary metabolites, which were interpreted based on known antibacterial mechanisms. Chemical profiling of the methanol fraction was performed using GC-MS to putatively identify secondary metabolites based on spectral library matching. The methanol fraction of H. tubulosa showed notable antibacterial activity against S. aureus, achieving approximately 72% growth inhibition, whereas the n-hexane fraction displayed no inhibitory effect. GC-MS analysis identified 22 metabolites spanning aldehydes, phenols, fatty acids, diterpenes, ketones, esters, alcohols, and alkanes. These compounds are associated with membrane disruption, metabolic interference, and enzyme inhibition, supporting the extract’s observed antibacterial effect. Several detected metabolites have previously been reported to exhibit antibacterial related bioactivities, which may contribute to the observed growth inhibition of S. aureus. Hypogymnia tubulosa contains diverse secondary metabolites with mechanisms suggesting strong antibacterial potential. The methanol fraction of H. tubulosa demonstrated preliminary antibacterial activity against S. aureus and contained diverse putatively identified metabolites detected by GC-MS analysis. The lichen shows promise as a natural source for developing antibacterial agents and warrants further biological evaluation to validate its in vitro and in vivo efficacy.
Preparation and Evaluation in vitro of Usnic Acid Emulgel with Varying Concentrations of Propylene Glycol Nola Rahmadasmi; Oryza Sativa Fitriani; Yurista Yalda
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27080

Abstract

Usnic acid is one of the secondary metabolites found in lichens. Usnic acid has anti-inflammatory activity and is classified as class 2 in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), with low solubility but high permeability. Therefore, a suitable delivery system is needed to enhance the release and penetration of usnic acid through the skin. Propylene glycol is a common component in topical formulations due to its humectant and penetration-enhancing properties, which can improve the release of active substances from the dosage form matrix. This research aims to develop and evaluate usnic acid emulgel preparations with varying propylene glycol concentrations and to determine their effects on physical characteristics, stability, and in vitro drug release. Methods: The research methods included the isolation and characterization of usnic acid, the formulation of an emulgel with varying propylene glycol concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%), and the evaluation of physical properties, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability through freeze-thaw tests. In addition, content determination and in vitro release tests were conducted using a Franz diffusion cell. . The results showed that all formulas met the requirements for a good topical preparation, with a pH within the skin range (4.5–6.5), homogeneity, and physical stability. Increasing the propylene glycol concentration decreased viscosity and improved spreadability and homogeneity. In vitro release tests showed that the formula with 15% propylene glycol produced the highest usnic acid release among the formulas. ). Conclusions: Variations in propylene glycol concentration significantly affected the characteristics and release of usnic acid from emulgel preparations. A 15% concentration was the optimal formulation for increasing the release of the active ingredient, with potential for further development as a natural-based topical anti-inflammatory preparation. There is an effect of varying propylene glycol concentrations on in vitro release.
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil Ointment for Topical Therapy: Wound Healing Efficacy, Anti-Inflammatory Response, and Skin Irritation Assessment in Animal Models Wisdawati Wisdawati; Andi Trihadi Kusuma Kisra; Rais Razak; Selpida Handayani; Irma Santi; Dewi Yuliana
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27082

Abstract

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), containing citronellal, geraniol, and limonene, has demonstrated wound healing and anti-inflammatory potential. Lemongrass extract has been found to increase fibroblast numbers in rats, and formulated ointment containing its essential oil exhibit good characteristics. This study evaluated the wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and skin irritation potential of lemongrass essential oil ointment. Wound healing activity was assessed to compare  three formulation (F1:5%, F2: 10% and F3: 15%). Incision wounds were made in all groups and then treated according to groups assignment, the healing progression was measured on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21. The ointment enhanced wound closure in a dose-dependent manner. As in the anti-inflammatory test, five animal groups were employed, with the positive group replaced by HOT-IN DCL emulgel®. Edema volume was recorded hourly for five hours following carrageenan induction. Also, the ointment demonstrated dose-dependent manner of anti-inflammatory activity. Skin irritation was evaluated according to non-clinical toxicity guidelines using three formulations on rabbit skin, and responses were scored using the Primary Irritation Index (PII). All formulations showed a PII value of 0, indicating negligible irritation. These findings support the potential of lemongrass essential oil ointment as a safe candidate for topical therapeutic development.
The Impact of Daily Cigarette Consumption on Creatinine Levels in Active Smokers using Jaffe Reaction Method Ersalina Nidianti; Siti Basiroh; Desi Susanti
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27141

Abstract

Cigarette smoke contains various toxic substances, including heavy metals such as cadmium, which may contribute to kidney dysfunction. Cigarettes contain various chemical compounds as well as several types of heavy metals such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, arsenic, and cadmium. According to epidemiological research, exposure to the heavy metal cadmium is nephrotoxic so it can damage the kidneys. Kidney organ damage that occurs in the body can be identified by an increase in creatinine levels in the blood. This study aimed to assess whether the number of cigarettes smoked per day affects serum creatinine levels in active smokers. This research method is observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach design on 27 active smoker respondents. The parameter examined was creatinine levels using the Jaffe reaction examination method which was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test. The results the mean creatinine level examination obtained in group X1 (1-3 Cigarettes) was 1.17 mg/dL. In group X2 (4-6 Cigarettes) it was 1.04 mg/dL. In group X3 (7-12 Cigarettes) it was 1.21 mg/dL. The results of statistical analysis using the one way ANOVA test obtained a P-value > 0.05, which means there is no difference. Conclusion daily cigarette consumption did not significantly affect serum creatinine levels among the active smokers included in this study. Further studies with larger sample sizes and consideration of confounding factors are recommended.
Development of Natural Immunomodulatory Agents: Study of Bacang Leaf Activity against NK Cells with ELISA Reader (Study in vivo): An In Vivo Study Using ELISA Analysis Sri Gusriyani; Yulia Yesti; Wenti Wulandari; Harysa Oktaviani
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27275

Abstract

The immune system is the body's ability to fight disease by eliminating various foreign substances that enter the body. One of its main components is the Natural Killer (NK) cell, which functions to destroy infected cells. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of Bacang (Mangifera foetida L.) leaf fractions on NK cells in vivo using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study employed a pretest–posttest experimental design with a control group. A total of 18 mice were divided into six groups. NK cell parameters were analyzed from blood serum collected through the retro-orbital plexus before and after treatment. The results showed the greatest increase in the ethyl acetate fraction, from approximately 13.3 ng/mL before treatment to 21.3 ng/mL after treatment. These findings suggest that Bacang leaf fractions may enhance NK cell-associated immune responses in mice, with the highest immunomodulatory effect observed in the ethyl acetate fraction.
In Vitro Anti-Bacterial Activity And Network Pharmacology Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Marsdenia Tinctoria R.Br. Leaves agains Staphylococcus aureus Anna Choirunnisa; Ari Sri Windyaswari; Guntur Berlian; Andrian Rafliana Supriatnaputra; Suryani
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27290

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a major Gram-positive microorganism implicated in a wide range of skin infections. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among S. aureus emphasizes the need for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy and analysis the molecular mechanism of Marsdenia tinctoria R.Br. (Tarum Areuy) leaf aqueous extract against S. aureus through integrated in vitro and network pharmacology analyzed. The aqueous extract was prepared by infusion, and its metabolite profile was characterized using UPLC-HRMS. Antibacterial activity was quantitatively investigated using the agar well diffusion method against S. aureus ATCC 6538. Network pharmacology identified ten secondary metabolites with antibacterial potential, seven of which exhibited pharmacokinetic properties that met the established bioavailability criteria (BOILED-Egg method). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that fifteen key proteins interact with the seven compounds, with quercetin identified as the major bioactive compound activating specific bacterial pathways (SAV0081 and pkrC) in S. aureus. The highest antibacterial effect was observed at an 8% extract concentration with an inhibition zone of 17.03 ± 1.78 mm. Overall, these results confirm that the aqueous extract of M. tinctoria leaves contains potential metabolites as antibacterials that could be further developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of S. aureus infections.
Utilising PLS-Enhanced FTIR Spectroscopy for the Rapid Screening and Quantification of Chemical Additives in Traditional Jamu: A Case Study on Vitamin B6 Fajar Aji Lumakso; Ardi Nugroho; Sucy Cahyani Putri; Chandra Kartika Nawangsari
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27556

Abstract

Until today, there are still many medicinal chemicals added to jamu to gain the interest of the consumers. This illegal practice can lead to serious side effects for health. This research was intended to develop fast screening to identify and to quantify the vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) in herbal product using FTIR spectroscopy allied with partial least square (PLS). The thin layer chromatography-densitometry was also employed to strangthen the identification. For the quantification, several potential wavenumbers were employed between 4000-400 cm-1. These spectral dataset then was analysed using XLSTAT. The R2 results obtained were 0.9898; RMSEC 0.001170; RMSECV 0.003808 and PRESS 0.000087 showing good results of developed model. The findings revealed the potential of FTIR and PLS combination to be extended as tools for analysing the marketed herbal products mixed with the medicinal chemicals.
Nanosuspension Increases the Solubility of Flavonoid Content of Moringa oleifera Extract and Antioxidant Activity Hardi Astuti Witasari; Kintoko Kintoko; Yusron Umar; Nuri Ari Efiana; Verda Farida
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.27841

Abstract

The development of natural antioxidants has become increasingly important due to the issues associated with synthetic alternatives. Moringa oleifera, rich in flavonoids, shows great promise for powerful antioxidants. This study aims to increase the solubility of flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of an extract from Moringa oleifera leaves (e-Mol) by converting it into a nanosuspension. The nanosuspension extract from Moringa oleifera leaves (nse-Mol) was prepared using Tween 80, HPMC, and a combination of both as stabilizing agents. The formulations were characterized by measuring particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index to assess stability and uniformity. The flavonoid content was determined using a colorimetric method, expressed as quercetin equivalents. Furthermore, antioxidant activity (IC50) was assessed by measuring free radical inhibition using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results indicate that the characterization of nse-Mol with Tween 80 meets the standards for nanomolecular stability, thereby enhancing its antioxidant activity. The flavonoid content of nse-Mol (539.31±8.88 mg QE/g) was higher than that of e-Mol (384.61±57.22 mg QE/g), and the IC50 value of nse-Mol (35.67±4.18 μg/mL) was lower than that of e-Mol (99.72±0.40 μg/mL). This suggests that converting Moringa oleifera extract into a nanosuspension can effectively increase both flavonoid solubility and antioxidant activity.
Formulation and Characterization of Curcumin Micellar Powder Sublingual Tablets Nina Wijiani; Helmy Yusuf; Dewi Isadiartuti; Mikhania Christiningtyas Eryani
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2026): J.Food.Pharm.Sci (In Press)
Publisher : Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfps.28325

Abstract

Curcumin is the most active compound contained in turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa). Curcumin has low solubility in water, which affects its bioavailability. Efforts to increase curcumin solubility are made in micelle systems. However, micelle solutions have the short shelf life, so they need to be to be converted to dry micelle powder by spray drying. Curcumin micelle powder was formulated into sublingual tablets to provide a convenient dosage form, which may improve patient compliance due to ease of administration and avoidance of swallowing difficulties. This study aims to manufacture sublingual tablets containing curcumin micelles prepared with varying concentrations of sucrose and casein and to characterize them. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Tablet characterization carried out included tablet hardness, tablet friability, tablet disintegration time, and dissolution. The results showed that all formulas met the requirements for hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. This study concludes that variations in casein and sucrose concentrations affect the friability, disintegration time, and dissolution of sublingual tablets but do not affect tablet hardness.

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