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Journal of Global Pharma Technology
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 09758542     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
ournal of Global Pharma Technology is a monthly, open access, Peer review journal of Pharmacy published by JGPT Journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports and systematic reviews. The journal allows free access to its contents, which is likely to attract more readers and citations to articles published in JGPT. JGPT publishes original research work that contributes significantly to the scientific knowledge in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences- Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Technology, Cosmeticology, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacognosy, Natural Product Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Applied Computer Technology. For this purpose we would like to ask you to contribute your excellent papers in pharmaceutical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 2,439 Documents
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Exotoxins A, T and S among Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates from Clinical and Hospital Environment Samples Ahmed Jamal Hussein; Frial Gemeel Abd
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Vol. 9 Issue 7 : 2017
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Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most widely recognized Gram-negative   opportunistic pathogens related with nosocomial infections. The presence of several virulence factors, for example, exotoxins of the bacteria making a genuine risk to the patient. This study was intended to detect Exotoxin A, T and S genes in P. aeruginsoa isolates utilizing PCR system. It includes (30) isolates of bacteria diagnosed by traditional techniques and confirmed by the API 20Eand Vitek 2 Systems  , DNA isolated and subjected to amplify using specific primers for bacteria. The consequences of PCR amplification for the genes encoding for exotoxin A, T and S demonstrated that all P. aeruginosa isolates showed the presence of the genes encoding for exotoxin A and exotoxin T corresponding to 100 % of the isolates while twenty two (22) isolates comparing to 73.33 % of the total thirty (30) isolates were recorded to be positive for exotoxin S gene . It can be concluded that exotoxins are a conspicuous virulence factors for P. aeruginosa and responsible for a genuine threat to patients.Keywords: Exotoxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Toxin ,Environmental Isolate. 
Adsorption Study of Diclofenac Potassium on Mint in Aqueous Solutions According to the Freundlich and Langmuir Equations Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 2: 2019
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Abstract

Diclofenac NSAIDs is one of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical however its removal from wastewater is only 21-40% which explains their presence in surface water, groundwater and even in drinking water of different countries. This causes environmental and Eco toxic issues, in this context many methods have been proposed for its removal from wastewater. We are proposing a new method for the removal of diclofenac by using adsorption method and using mint as an adsorbing agent this proposes a useful and Eco friendly technique that might be implacable on a large scale in the future.Keywords: Adsorption, Diclofenac, mint.
Genetic Variation of At-Hook Transcription Factor (Akna) Rs3748178 is Associated with the Relapse of Graves’ Disease Dwi Anita Suryandari
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 08 (2019) Aug. 2019
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Abstract

Objective: As many as 30-60% of patients with Graves' disease (GD) have relapsed after antithyroid withdrawal, which may be caused by genetic variation of susceptibility factors. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation of AT-hook transcription factor AKNA rs3748178 and its association with relapse in Graves' disease patients.Methods: This research was a case-control study examining 60 DNA samples of GD patients, who were equally allocated into relapse and remission groups. Genetic variation was analyzed with PCR-RFLP. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The proportion of patients who experienced a relapse with homozygote wild type (n= 27, 90%) was significantly higher (p= 0.015) compared to the heterozygote and homozygote mutant (n=3, 10%). Graves’ disease patients with GG genotype were more likely to have a relapse (OR 6.00, 95% CI 1.48–24.3, p= 0.015). The proportion of patients who experienced a relapse with G allotype (95%) was significantly higher (p= 0.004) compared to A allotype (5%). Graves’ disease patients with G allotype were more likely to have a relapse (OR 6.33, 95% CI 1.73–23.2, p= 0.004).Conclusions: Genetic variation of AT-hook transcription factor AKNA rs3748178 is associated with relapse in GD patients.Keywords: Graves’ disease, recurrence, genetic variation
Synthesis, Identification, Theoretical and Experimental Studies for Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibition in Sea Water by Some New Schiff base Derivatives linkage to 5-Nitro Isatin Moiety Athraa H. Ahmed
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 05: (2018) May2018
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Abstract

This research includes synthesis of new 5-Nitro isatin derivatives started from 5-Nitro-3-(Ethyl imino acetate)-2-oxo indol, namely 5-Nitro-3-(imino acetohydrazide)-2-oxo indole (1); 5-Nitro-3-[(iminoacetyl) phenylsemi carbazide]-2-oxo indole (2); 5-Nitro-3-[(imino acetyl) phenylthiosemicarbazide]-2-oxo indole (3); and 5-Nitro-3-[(imino aceto) N,N-di methyl urea]-2-oxo indole (4). The derivatives were characterized by using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and C.H.N.S analysis with the measurement of some physical properties. Quantum mechanical method of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) of B3LYP with a level of 6-311++G (2d, 2p) were used for calculating the geometrical structure, physical properties and inhibition efficiency parameters, all were studied at the equilibrium geometry in four media (vacuum, DMSO, ETOH and H2O). The theoretical results showed that compound (2) is the best corrosion inhibitor among the others. Finally, the corrosion protectiveness, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the prepared compound (2) effect on C-steel in 3.5% NaCl solutions had been studied using the potentiodynamic polarization, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) measurements.Keywords: 5- nitro isatin, Schiff bases, Corrosion inhibitors, Quantum chemical calculations, electrochemical measurements.
Effects of Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim on Phagocytic Activity of Polymorph Nuclear Cells, TNF-α and Complement Components Concentration in Patients with Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection Wafaa Sadeq Al-Wazni
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 2: 2019
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Abstract

Objective: This study was  designed to determine the effect of repeated use of Ciprofloxacin and Trimethoprim antibiotic on some signs of innate immunity of urinary tract infections’ patients such as phagocytes activity of polymorphonuclear cells in vitro and in vivo, TNF-α and Complement components concentration. Material and methods: Urine specimens were collected from 100 person (40 patients with UTI before begin treatment with antibiotics,40 patients after 3 days of treatment and 20 healthy person as control). One part of urine speciemine used for direct microscopically examination (DME) to detect the UT infection after the clinical diagnosis by specialist physician. Then second parts of the urine specimens, which gave appositive result to DME test, were cultured on blood and MacChonkey agar to isolated pathogenic bacteria and confirm sever infection in-patient. Five milliliters of blood were collected from patients (who confirmed having UTI by clinical, DME and lab culture diagnosis) to use for determine some signs of innate immunity. Results: Escherichia coli bacteria was the most common isolates (40%) from both studied groups followed by S.aureus (20%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia (8.8%) of each and  Proteus mirabilis (2.5%). Most E.coli isolates were resistant to Trimethoprim (78%) and Ciprofloxacin (50%) antibiotics. The total WBCs count increased in patients with UTI before (13.2×106 cell/ml) and after treatment (10.5×106 cell/ml) with antibiotic compared to control (6.4×106 cell/ml) but the total WBCs count begin to decrease in patients after treatment with antibiotic in compared to patients before treatment. The result also show no significant increase in the concentration of C3(142.9,150.5 mg/dl) and C4 (26.5, 30.7 mg/dl) in patient before and after treatment respectively in compared to control but there is no noticeable deference in the concentration of these proteins between two studied groups. While the concentration of TNF-α was significantly increased in serum of patients before (256.6 pg/ml) and after (197.2 pg/ml) treatment in compared to control (155.3 pg/ml) group. Phagocytes activity of PMNs cell was evaluated by measuring the phagocytic index, a significant decrease observed in phagocytic index to reach 60% in patients before treatment and 52% in-patient after treatment compared to control group 65% after 90 minutes. Conclusions: study the effects of Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin on the activity of PMNs in vitro showed positive effect of Ciprofloxacin antibiotic while Trimethoprim antibiotic has negative effect on the phagocytic cells.Keywords: UTI, E. coli, PMN, Trimethoprim, Ciprofloxacin.
The Differences Between Motor Relearning Programme and Bobath Method On Standing Balance in Stroke Patients Nisfil Mufidah
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 01
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Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is a disorder of the central nervous system that can impair vital functions of the brain such as impaired coordination, impaired posture control, sensation, motion reflexes, and balance disorders such as the balance of sitting and standing. Complementary therapies like Motor Relearning Program (MRP) and Bobath Method have been involved. The aim was to analyze the differences between MRP and Bobath Method to increase standing balance in stroke patients. Method: A quasi-experimental research design is conducted, and respondents were divided into two groups. The treatment group was given the MRP and the control group was given the Bobath Method. Total sample 24 stroke patients were included as participants and obtained by simple random sampling. The independent variables were the MRP and Bobath Method. The dependent variable was standing balance. The data obtained by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) analyzed using paired t-test and Independent t-test with a significance value of α≤0.05.  Results: The MRP (p=0.000) and Bobath method (p = 0.010) can improve standing balance. The differences in the effectiveness between MRP and Bobath Method showed a significance value of (p=0.006). Conclusion: Bobath method cause complex interactions of the sensory system and musculoskeletal and then regulated in the brain. Thus, MRP was more effective because it causes the cognitive, associative and autonomic to increase standing balance in stroke patients.Keywords: Bobath method; Stroke; Motor relearning program; Standing stability.
Association between Fragmented QRS Complex before Operation and a Trial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Seyyedolshohada Hospital of Urmia Reza Faramrzzadeh
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

Introduction FQRS is defined as different patterns of fragmentation in wave R or wave S in narrow QRS complex and more than two R waves or more than one R wave in wide QRS complex. In various ischemic and non-ischemic diseases and non-hereditary and hereditary conduction diseases, FQRS has been examined. The predicting role of FQRS for a trial fibrillation (AF) after CABG that high incidence and associated with serious side effects in these patients has been examined only in one study. Methodology In this two-group study, 200 qualified patients who underwent CABG were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups. One group received AF and other group did not receive AF. The incidence of AF after CABG and its association with FQRS were examined. In addition, the association of other variables with AF after CABG was examined using statistical software. Results Poet-operative AF was seen in 63 patients (25.2%) out of 250 patients. Patients with postoperative AF with had older age (P = 0.001) and larger left atrium (P =0.001). In patients with COPD, AF had more prevalence (P = 0.001). In addition, the extubation time of patient (P = 0.001) and heart on pump connection (0.001) were significantly associated with postoperative AF. FQRS (P = 0.001) and number of leads with FQRS (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with AF after CABG. However, patient gender, anemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, early detection of patients, number of vessels involved, the number of grafts, and graft to the right coronary artery, and the left main involvement were significantly associated with AF after CABG. Discussion In our study, postoperative AF is associated with presence of FQRS in ECG before operation in patients. In addition, FQRS has higher predictive value for postoperative AF. Keywords: AF, FQRS, CAB.
Awareness, Attitude and Practice of Infection Control Among Clinical Year Medical Students of a Private Medical School in Malaysia Sandheep Sugathan
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 12.
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Abstract

Objectives: The current research was planned to evaluate the awareness, attitude and practice of infection control among the clinical year medical students of a private medical school in Ipoh city, Perak State of Malaysia. This study was also aimed at any need for improving the curriculum in relation to infection control measures with an eye on reducing hospital acquired infections in future. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study on the awareness, attitude and practice on infection control was conducted among clinical year medical students from a private medical school in Malaysia, using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Our study revealed that those clinical students with higher levels of attitude showed a significantly higher level of practice (p-value <0.001). The respondents having good knowledge, good attitude and correct practice were 66.7%, 57.6% and 51.5% respectively. Conclusion: Awareness of clinical medical students on infection control was quite good in this research, but it was not reflecting on attitude level and practice levels of students. There was a significant association between attitude level and practice. Gender and years of exposure in clinical practice were not significant predictors.
Evaluation of the Effects of Different Solvents Extracts of Tribulus Terrestris Obtained Via Ultrasonic Extraction on Human Asthenozoosperm Activation In Vitro Hikmat Fakhri Wassef
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 05.
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Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the activity of different fractions of Tribulus terrestris Tt obtained via 20KHZ ultrasonic technique for different periods of extraction time and different solvents on different asthenozoospermic parameters in vitro. Material and method: The study was conducted on seventy-five asthenozoosperic patients. The sperm samples were activated in vitro (after liquefaction) with different doses of the extracts by using a direct simple layer method (DSLM) technique. Grades of sperm movement and sperm morphology were the main parameters tested. Results: Aqueous extract for 15 min. at a dose 0.02% showed the highest activity. Less activity was obtained by exposure of the sperm samples to a dose 0.002% aqueous acetonitrile (AA) extract for 15 min., 0.0002% dose of Ethanol (EtOH) and Methanol (MeOH) extracts for 15 min., 0.002% dose of (AA) extract for 15 min. and 0.002% dose of (EtOH) and (MeOH) extracts for 60 min. Exposure of asthenozoospermic samples to a dose of 0.0002% of (AA) extract for 60 min. gave the lowest activity. Conclusion: These finding indicated that the use of ultrasonically assisted extraction can obviously improve the activity of Tt extracts on asthenozoospermic patient’s parameters including the grades of sperm motility and sperm morphology.Keywords: Asthenozoospermia; Ethanol (EtOH); In vitro activation; Methanol (MeOH); Tribulus terrestris Tt; ultrasound extraction.
Evaluation the Antibacterial Effect of Rosemary and Lemon Grass Essential Oils against Planktonic and Biofilm of MRSA Zainab Zamel Khalaf
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 06 (2020) June 2020
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Abstract

There has been increasing interest in volatile oils in recent years due to the need for new treatments against microbes. Bacterial resistance is widespread worldwide and the first cause of this resistance is the excessive use of antibiotics and bad practices to combat infection in hospitals, making it one of the biggest issues at present. In this study, twenty bacterial isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus bacteria were diagnosed and all were diagnosed using Vitek. The synergistic effect of the rosemary and lemongrass essential oil against these bacteria was studied in the form of suspended or single cells and when they formed the biofilm. Different concentrations of both essential oils were used to experiment the minimal inhibitory (MIC) effect on these bacteria. The effect of each oil was studied separately and then their synergistic effect was investigated. The bacteria's ability to produce the biofilm using the Tissue culture plate method Whether it was strong, moderate, or weak, and then investigated the inhibitory properties of each oil against the biofilm of the bacteria and also studied the synergistic effect of both oil against the biofilm of the bacteria. The findings proposed that all isolates were affected and inhibited with lemon grass essential oil except for one isolate and was an oil effect Lemon grass is larger compared to rosemary essential oil, but the synergistic effect was better in compare with the effect of each oil alone. The results of the biochemistry of the bacteria showed that 15 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were formed of a strong biofilm and 4 isolates formed for a medium biofilm and one isolate only for a weak. The results also find that the lemon grass and rosemary essential oil had an effect against the biofilm but with different concentrations. There were 3 isolates that were not affected by each one of plant oil (3, 6 and 10). The synergistic effect of both essential oils showed that all isolates were inhibited except (6, 9 and 10). Keywords: Essential oils; Synergistic effect; MRSA; Antibacterial activity, Biofilm.

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