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Indonesian Chimica Letters
Published by Universitas Jember
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29646782     DOI : https://doi.org/10.19184/icl
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
ICL is an international peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes scientific articles covering all branches of chemistry: organic chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, chemometry, and applied chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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Identification of The Chemical Compound from Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Fraction of Banana Peel Extract (Musa Acuminata Colla) Hadi Barru Hakam Fajar, Siddiq; Denok Risky Ayu , Paramita; Agnis Pondineka Ria, Aditama; Rosida, Rosida
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i1.5688

Abstract

Bananas are broadly utilized as an alternative nourishment, whereas banana peels, as squander, are right now as it were utilized as creature nourish added additives. Banana peel contains flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, and catechins. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds (phenolic hydroxyl) that can act as cancer prevention agents and are by and large found in plants. This inquiry will recognize the chemical compounds of the ethyl acetic acid derivation division and the ethanol division of the banana peel extract (Musa acuminata Colla). This sort of investigation is a test research facility investigation with a Quasi-Experimental Plan investigate plan. In this consider, two sorts of fractionation were performed on the banana peel extract, specifically ethanol fractionation and ethyl acetate extraction fractionation. Besides, the formation of the fractionation was analyzed utilizing the LC-HRMS strategy. The comes about appears that the ethanol division of the banana peel extract contained different chemical compounds, including 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde, choline, and catechin. Within the ethyl acetic acid derivation division, the banana peel extract contained a few chemical compounds, including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, diisobutylphthalate, and pyrogallol. These compounds appear in a huge region within the scope of HPLC-MS investigation.
Development of Arduino Uno Based Multispectra Colorimeter For Formaldehyde Determination Anida, Choirun Nisa; Zulfikar, Zulfikar; Siswoyo, Siswoyo; Asnawati, Asnawati; Reza, Muhammad
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i1.5693

Abstract

Formalin is a hazardous substance that is often misused as a food preservative, so routine formalin analysis is very necessary for public safety. Formalin analysis generally uses spectrophotometry and also a simple colorimeter. Currently, many Arduino-based colorimeters are being studied and development with RGB (Red, Green, Blue) LED (Light Emitting Diode) light sources. This research is also in this field with a focus on the use of multi-spectral RGB LED lights with 16 colors that are already commercially available. The multispectral colorimeter is designed by integrating an LED light source, a photodiode module as a detector, and controlled by an Arduino Uno R3. The LED light module circuit, cuvette and detector photodiode are then arranged and packaged in an X8 project box. Optimization of the circuit is studied including the distance between the LED lamp and the cuvette and the photodiode with the cuvette. A feasibility study of the use of multispectral RGB LEDs is also carried out by looking at the stability of the response of each color. The performance test of the multispectral colorimeter is carried out by analyzing formaldehyde oxidized with hydrogen peroxide using methyl red as an indicator under the alkaline condition. The results showed no significant difference when viewed from the linearity, Limit of Detection, Limit of Quantitation, sensitivity, and precision values calculated from the calibration curve. The difference in linearity values was 0.0013, Limit of Detection = 0.17, Limit of Quantitation = 0.57, sensitivity = 0.0001, and precision (SD = 0.001 and %RSD = 0.11).
Deployment Pattern of Lead (Pb) in Jenggawah Area, Jember, East Java Asnawati; Mintadi, Mukh.; Budiarto, Maria; Pertiwi, Adriana Kusuma; Ananda, Tinok Dwi; Yulvia, Ana
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i1.5843

Abstract

The damaging effects of lead (Pb) contamination in soil has been significant public health concern, mainly due to its toxicity. Jenggawah district, located in Jember regency, Indonesia, has experienced growing anthropogenic activity in recent years, leading to the necessity to map the prevalence of this dangerous element in this area. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the spatial and vertical distribution of lead (Pb) contamination level in the soil of the Jenggawah area. The soil samples were collected using random sampling techniques from seven different locations at various distances from the roadside (0, 25 m, and 50 m) and different depths (0, 15 cm, and 30 cm). Then, the soil sample containing lead (Pb) content were extracted through an acid-based destruction and quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. This study explained that lead (Pb) concentrations in all soil samples from the Jenggawah area were below established thresholds (1 - 8 ppm) and consistently reduced with increasing soil depth.   Additionally, the variation of lead content in terms of distance from the roadside revealed a more fluctuating pattern, possibly affected by ground surface conditions and wind factors. In conclusion, these results can provide environmental information and enhance the understanding of heavy metal risks in areas with moderate anthropogenic activity, such as Jenggawah.
The Effect of Concentrated Seawater Salinity on Soybean Protein Coagulation in Tofu Production Rohmawati, Manis; Muflihah, Yeni Maulidah; Handayani, Wuryanti; Asnawati; Mulyono, Tri
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i1.5885

Abstract

Seawater, which has a salinity of 35 ‰, contains essential ions such as chloride, sodium, sulfate, magnesium, and calcium. These ions play a crucial role in the coagulation of proteins. Salt-based coagulants are among the oldest and most commonly used in tofu production. Additionally, several metal cations exhibit similar coagulating effects on soybean proteins. Tofu can be produced by adding salt coagulants, like calcium sulfate (commonly known as tofu stone) and seawater extract. The seawater extract was obtained from seawater through evaporation in three distinct ponds, with varying evaporation times that can lead to differences in salinity and density. In this experiment, we used coagulants from these three ponds, labeled A, B, and C. Coagulant C, derived from the pond with the longest evaporation time, has the highest salinity of 310 ‰ and a density of 1.220 g/cm³. The mass of the tofu produced shows a consistent pattern among coagulants A, B, and C: an initial increase followed by a decrease, which is influenced by the salting-out and salting-in processes. When used at a volume of 15 mL, Coagulant C yielded the highest mass at 179.426 grams and the lowest water content at 71.152%, demonstrating its effectiveness in protein coagulation.
The Volatile Compound Profiles of Fire-Cured and Fermented Na-Oogst Tobacco Leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Its In-Silico Study Oktavianawati, Ika; Wulandari, Ulfa; Winata, I Nyoman Adi; Ridho, Atok Ainur; Kedang, Yohana Ivana; Fauziah, Dina Trianggaluh; Yusro, Fatimah
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i1.5995

Abstract

Na-Oogst tobacco is one of the local commodities of Jember, which has been widely used as a raw material for making cigarettes. Product diversification in processing tobacco leaves is very necessary to reduce the danger caused by cigarette consumption. It is also an effort to empower and save the economy of tobacco farmers. Tobacco leaf’ essential oil could be an alternative in maintaining tobacco production. The purpose of this study is to determine the profile (yield and chemical compounds) of Na-Oogst tobacco leaf essential oil content in pre- and post-fermentation. Extraction of essential oils is carried out by two methods, i.e., steam distillation and maceration. The results showed that the extraction from the maceration method produced higher yields than from steam distillation, while the extract from tobacco leaves before fermentation was lower than that after fermentation. The major identified compounds found in tobacco leaves from GC-MS analysis are neophytadiene, nicotine, ledol, phytol, and solanone. Neophytadiene is suggested as a marker compound in tobacco leaf since it is present in all extracts and essential oils in significant amounts, about 23.72-67.37% of the total identified compounds. Further molecular docking of neophytadiene against the D2 dopamine receptor is also investigated in this study.
The Effect of Origin Region on The Essential Oil Profile of Kasturi Tobacco Leaves From Steam Distillation and Solvent Extraction Suci Nur Jannah; Ika Oktavianawati; I Nyoman Adi Winata; Ratih Hidayah; Fatimah Yusro
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, FMIPA, UNEJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i2.60000

Abstract

Kasturi tobacco is a major domestic commodity from Jember that is well-valued by cigarette manufacturers for its intense aroma and unique flavor. When faced with government restrictions on cigarette production, the tobacco industry actively explores product diversification, and tobacco essential oil has emerged as a promising alternative. This study focuses on the utilization of Kasturi tobacco leaves from two different geographical locations in South Jember (Balung) and North Jember (Kalisat) to investigate how their location affects the essential oil profile. This study used two main extraction techniques, namely steam distillation and solvent extraction, to collect essential oils. The essential oils were analyzed based on their yield (based on dry weight) and chemical composition using GC-MS. The study showed that in North Kasturi leaves, increasing the steam distillation time resulted in a gradual increase in yield and chemical diversity. However, the steam distillation results for South Kasturi could not be used because the profile obtained was not representative. The difference in extraction methods shows significant results. Essential oil from North Kasturi produced through steam distillation (11 hours) has a lower yield and fewer compounds compared to the solvent extraction method. Solvent extraction results show that North Kasturi tobacco leaves produce a higher yield (5.2426%) compared to South Kasturi (4.0890%). Conversely, South Kasturi oil shows more chemical compound variation (29 compounds) compared to North Kasturi (24 compounds). The results prove that geographical origin affects the essential oil profile. 
Extraction of Iron (Fe) From Fly Ash Using Citric Acid and Oxalic Acid as Lixiviant Suwardiyanto; Waladatus Sholikhaha; Dyah Hayuning Tyasa; Yudi Aris Sulistiyo
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, FMIPA, UNEJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i2.60001

Abstract

Reduction of iron (Fe) content within fly ash has been conducted by solid-liquid extraction using oxalic acid and citric acid as lixiviant. Separation of iron compounds using magnet and acid treatment have been performed prior to the extraction to decrease the iron concentration within the fly ash. Iron within the fly ash was extracted in several pH condition and several Fe/lixiviant molar ratio to evaluate their effect on the extraction. The extraction performance was evaluated toward residual iron concentration in the fly ash and amount of fly ash after extraction process. Residual iron was determined by spectrometer Uv-Vis using o-phenanthroline whereas the amount of fly ash was determined gravimetrically. Extraction using citric acid at pH of 6 and molar ratio of 1 : 4 has highest iron removal from fly ash whereas the highest fly ash residual was obtained by extraction at pH of 7 molar ratio of 1 : 2. The highest performance of oxalic acid as iron lixiviant was obtained at pH of 6 and molar ratio of 1 : 6 and the highest fly ash residual at pH of 6 and molar ratio of 1 : 3.
Surface Engineering of Nanocellulose-Based Composites for Smart Slow-Release Fertilizers: A Short Review Agus Wedi Pratama; Aminatun Nisa; Muh. Misbah Muhtadi; Ach. Fauzan Mas’udi; Sri Rejeki; Adin Novitasari; Nur Andita Prasetyo; Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, FMIPA, UNEJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v4i2.60002

Abstract

The global agricultural sector faces a critical paradox: the necessity of increasing food production to support a growing population versus the severe environmental degradation caused by the inefficiency of conventional nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers. Conventional fertilizers exhibit nutrient use efficiencies (NUE) often below 50%, leading to substantial economic losses and ecological crises such as eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions. Slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) offer a viable solution, yet current commercial technologies rely heavily on non-biodegradable synthetic polymers that contribute to soil microplastic accumulation. Nanocellulose, encompassing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), has emerged as a premier bio-based candidate for next-generation SRF matrices due to its high aspect ratio, mechanical robustness, and abundant reactive surface hydroxyl groups. However, the intrinsic hydrophilicity of native nanocellulose poses a significant challenge in retarding nutrient release in aqueous environments. This review critically examines the role of surface engineering—specifically oxidation, esterification, graft copolymerization, and cross-linking—in modulating the release kinetics of nanocellulose-based fertilizers. We analyze the transition from simple diffusion-controlled mechanisms to complex swelling and erosion-controlled architectures enabled by surface functionalization. Furthermore, we evaluate the environmental implications of these materials through the lens of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), highlighting the potential of agricultural waste-derived nanocellulose to close the loop in a circular bioeconomy. The synthesis of recent data suggests that precise tuning of surface chemistry can increase nutrient retention times from hours to months, positioning functionalized nanocellulose as a cornerstone of sustainable precision agriculture.
Electrodeposition and Characterization of Cobalt on Copper Electrodes in The Fabrication of Potentiometric Sensors For Phosphate Ion Siswoyo; Zulfikar; Chintya Maharani; Asnawati; Yeni Maulidah Muflihah; Tri Mulyono
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, FMIPA, UNEJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Determination of phosphate levels can be done using the potentiometric method with cobalt material-based electrodes with various techniques and compositions. This study uses copper metal as a supporting material. Surface coating of copper was carried out using solution of cobalt chloride and cobalt sulphate in various concentrations by applying voltammetric electrodeposition technique. The electrodes produced for each concentration of cobalt source were examined for the peak-reducing current. The potentiometric response was characterized using a standard phosphate solution, and the morphology using SEM. The best electrodes were used for soil phosphate analysis, and the results were compared with spectrometric methods. The results showed that the optimum concentration of cobalt source solution was characterized by the highest reduction peak of cobalt, namely at a concentration of 0.1 M. Electrodes made with chloride solution produced a higher peak of reduction current, had a sensitivity of -16.21 mV/decade which higher than that of electrodes from sulphate solution, namely -14.59 mV/decade in the phosphate concentration range of 0.001-1000 ppm. The morphology of the two types of electrodes also show differences, the electrode made of chloride material has a surface morphological structure that looks uneven and pretty rough, and there are oval grains that form like crystals and have a uniform shape. In contrast, the electrode made of sulphate material looks flatter and smooth and forms lumps. The results of the analysis of phosphate levels in the soil samples using the electrode are similar to the results of the analysis of the spectrophotometric method
Preparation of Alginate/Lignosulfonat as Shell Materials For Neem Oil Encapsulation Dea putri Ismawardani; Dwi Indarti; Bambang Piluharto
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, FMIPA, UNEJ

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Azadirahtin is one of the active ingredients in neem oil which acts as an antifeedant and repellant for several types of insects so it is widely used as a pesticide. However, Azadirahtin has a weakness that is susceptible to light which is easy to degrade. The purpose of this study was to encapsulate azadirahtin in neem oil in a lignosulfonate/alginate matrix. Here there are two types of lignosulfonate (LS): LS from technical materials and LS from pure analysis (PA) (higher purity level). The preparation of the alginate matrix was carried out through the ionic gelation method. Characterization of the beads obtained included the degree of swelling carried out using the gravimetric method, the structure using FTIR and the stability of photodegradation using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry method. The results obtained showed that physically the beads had a hydrogel texture with a brownish yellow color. The swelling behavior of the beads showed differences in the degree of swelling pattern of beads with the addition of technical LS and LS Pure analysis (PA). The addition of LS PA Increasing the soaking time increases the degree of swelling, while beads with the addition of Technical LS produce fluctuating degree of swelling. Meanwhile, the results of the photodegradation stability test, a shorter distance between the UV light source and the object shows a higher photodegradation rate

Page 4 of 4 | Total Record : 40

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