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Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul. V. Sifat Kimia Kayu Ganis Lukmandaru; Arsyi Rahman Mohammad; Pito Wargono; Vendy Eko Prasetyo
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 10, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi sifat kimia kayu jati dari hutan rakyat Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Pohon (dbh 28-37 cm) diambil dari tempat tumbuh berbeda yaitu Nglipar, Panggang, dan Playen. Setiap tempat diambil 3 pohon sebagai ulangan dan sampel yang digunakan adalah disk yang diambil dari bagian pangkal. Penampang radial disk dibagi menjadi 3 bagian, yaitu gubal, teras luar, dan teras dalam. Sifat kimia yang diuji adalah kadar holoselulosa, á-selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin, ekstraktif etanol-toluena, kelarutan dalam air panas, kelarutan dalam NaOH 1%, dan abu. Sebagai pembanding, digunakan kayu jati dewasa dari tegakan Randublatung (Perhutani). Kisaran nilai kimia dari komponen dinding sel kayu jati Gunungkidul adalah kadar holoselulosa 75,76-79,74%, á-selulosa 46,72-50,90%, hemiselulosa 27,41-30,14%, lignin 29,22-32,80%, dan kelarutan dalam NaOH 1% sebesar 16,43-17,35%. Selanjutnya, kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena, kelarutan dalam air panas, dan abu adalah 5,04-10,77%, 2,74-7,85%, dan 0,60-1,66%, secara berurutan. Interaksi antara kedua faktor berpengaruh nyata pada kadar holoselulosa, á-selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan ekstraktif etanol-toluena. Faktor tempat tumbuh berpengaruh nyata pada kadar abu sedangkan faktor radial berpengaruh nyata pada kadar kelarutan dalam air panas dan abu. Kayu jati dari Gunungkidul memberikan nilai rerata kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena dan abu yang lebih rendah sedangkan nilai di parameter lainnya masih dalam kisaran nilai kayu jati dari Randublatung.Kata kunci: Tectona grandis, sifat kimia, hutan rakyat, arah radial, Gunungkidul A Study of Teak Wood Quality from Community Forests in Gunungkidul. V.Wood Chemical PropertiesAbstractThis study aimed to explore the chemical properties of teak wood grown in community forests from Gunungkidul Regency. Trees (dbh 28-37 cm) were selected from three different sites i.e. Nglipar, Panggang, and Playen. Three trees were cut from each site and disks were taken from the base of the trees. The disk in radial cross section was divided into 3 parts: sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood. Chemical properties tested were holocellulose, á-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ethanol-toluene extractives, hot-water soluble extractives, solubility in NaOH 1%, and ash contents. Mature teakwoods from Randublatung (Perhutani plantation) were used for comparison purpose.The values range of chemical composition in the cell wall components of the Gunungkidul teak wood were holocellulose content 75.76-79.74%, , á-cellulose content 46.72-50.90%, hemicellulose content 27.41-30.14%, lignin content 29.22-32.80%, and solubility in NaOH 1% 16.43-17.35%. Further, the ethanol-toluene extractive, hot-water soluble, and ash content values ranged from 5.04 to 10.77%, 2.74-7.85%, and 0.60-1.66%, consecutively. Interaction between two factors affects significantly to holocellulose, á-cellulose, hemicellulose, and ethanol-toluene extractive contents. The growth-site significantly influence on the ash contents as radial factor has significantly affect on the levels of hot water soluble extractives and ash content. The amounts of ethanol-toluene extractive and ash contents of Gunungkidul teak wood showed the lower values than those of teak from Randublatung. The values of other parameters were remain in the range of value of teak from Randublatung.

Kualitas Pengeringan Kayu Mahoni pada Berbagai Variasi Kerapatan Incising dengan Dua Skedul Pengeringan Suhu tinggi Tomy Listyanto; Fadlul Rahman; Hyana Swargarini
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 10, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi variasi kerapatan incising dan dua skedul pengeringan terhadap kecepatan dan cacat-cacat pengeringan kayu mahoni, serta mengetahui pengaruh variasi kerapatan incising terhadap kekuatan lengkung statik kayu mahoni yang telah dikeringkan. Tiga pohon mahoni (Swietenia mahagony) berdiameter 300-350 mm ditebang dan selanjutnya dibelah dan dibuat menjadi balok dengan ukuran 60 mm × 100 mm dengan panjang 500 mm untuk dijadikan sampel pengeringan. Di antara masing-masing bagian tersebut, dibuat sampel ukuran 20 mm × 20 mm × 25 mm, yang digunakan untuk penentu kadar air awal dan distribusinya. Sampel pengeringan selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 5 variasi kerapatan incising, yaitu 0 lubang/m2 (tanpa incising), 1000 lubang/m2, 2000 lubang/m2, 3000 lubang/m2, dan 4000 lubang/m2. Setiap variasi kerapatan incising selanjutnya akan dikeringkan dengan 2 skedul pengeringan, yaitu suhu pengeringan 100°C sampai tercapai kadar air akhir 12% dan suhu 60°C pada 8 jam pertama dan selanjutnya dilanjutkan 100°C, sampai tercapai kadar air akhir 12%. Paramater yang diamati adalah kecepatan pengeringan, cacat retak permukaan, dan distribusi kadar air akhir. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan incising 3000-4000 lubang/m2 memberikan pengaruh yang cukup nyata di dalam mempercepat proses pengeringan dan distribusi kadar air akhir. Skedul pengeringan dan variasi kerapatan incising tidak berpengaruh pada retak permukaan. Pra perlakuan incising sampai batas 4000 lubang/m2 ini dapat diterapkan untuk mempercepat proses pengeringan dengan penurunan nilai modulus elastisitas dan modulus patah yang tidak berbeda nyata.Kata kunci: incising, pengeringan suhu tinggi, mahoni, lengkung statik, skedul pengeringan Drying Quality of Mahoni Wood in Various Incising Densities and Two High Temperature-Drying SchedulesAbstractThe aims of this research were to investigate the effects of interaction between incising densities and two drying schedules on drying rate and defects as well as to examine the effect of incising densities on static bending characteristics of dried mahogany. Tree mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) trees with the diameter of 300-350 mm were cut and sawn into columns with the dimension of 60 mm ×100 mm × 500 mm. Each column was cut into five parts with the length of 500 mm. A small sample with the dimension of 20 mm × 20 mm × 25 mm were taken in between drying sample to measure moisture content. Five incising densities, which were 0 holes/m2 (unincised), 1000 holes/m2, 2000 holes/m2, 3000 holes/m2 and holes/m2, were applied to the drying sample. Samples were dried with two different drying schedules until the moisture content of 12%. Drying rate, defects, and moisture distribution were measured to evaluate the drying quality. Static bending test was applied to examine the strength properties. The results showed that incising densities of 3000-4000 holes/m2 could significantly improve drying rate and final moisture content distribution. There was no significants defects due to the variation of incising densities and drying schedules. No significant decrease of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture among five incising densities was found in this research.

Kualitas Papan Partikel dari Pelepah Nipah dengan Perekat Asam Sitrat dan Sukrosa Mahdi Santoso; Ragil Widyorini; Tibertus Agus Prayitno; Joko Sulistyo
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 10, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penggunaan perekat alami dan bahan baku non kayu dalam pembuatan papan partikel masih sangat terbatas. Sukrosa dan asam sitrat adalah dua bahan alami yang potensial sebagai perekat alami pengganti perekat sintetik berbasis formaldehida. Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) merupakan bahan non kayu yang potensial dijadikan alternatif bahan baku papan partikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas papan partikel pelepah nipah yang direkat dengan sukrosa/asam sitrat (100/0, 87,5/12,5 dan 75/25). Papan partikel yang dibuat berukuran 25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm, target kerapatan 0,8 g/cm3. Variabel perekatan antara lain jumlah perekat 20%, waktu kempa 10 menit, suhu kempa 180°C dan tekanan spesifik 3,6 MPa. Sifat fisika dan mekanika papan partikel diuji berdasarkan standar JIS A 5908:2003, kekasaran permukaan diukur menggunakan metode yang dilakukan oleh Hiziroglu (1996). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asam sitrat terhadap sukrosa berpengaruh positif terhadap sebagian besar sifat papan partikel pelepah nipah. Papan partikel pelepah nipah dengan perekat sukrosa/asam sitrat 87,5/12,5 mampu memberikan hasil terbaik dengan memenuhi standar JIS A 5908:2003. Karakteristik papan partikel tersebut adalah kerapatan 0,89 g/cm3, kadar air 10,21%, pengembangan tebal 2,45%, penyerapan air 23,55%, kekasaran permukaan 5,13 μm, keteguhan rekat internal 0,39 MPa, keteguhan patah 9,80 MPa dan keteguhan elastisitas 3,19 GPa.Kata kunci: papan partikel, pelepah nipah, perekat alami, sukrosa, asam sitrat Quality of the Nipa Frond Particleboard Bonded with Citric acid and SucroseAbstractUtilization of natural binder for non-wood composite is still limited. Sucrose and citric acid are potential natural binding agents for composite products. Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) was non-wood materials which are potentially to be used as an alternative raw material for particleboards. This study aimed to determine the quality of the nipa frond particleboard bonded with sucrose/citric acid (100/0, 87.5/12.5 and 75/25). Particleboards were manufactured in 25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm dimension, the target of density 0.8 g/cm3. The variables included resin content of 20%, press time of 10 m, pressing temperature of 180°C and specific pressure of 3.6 MPa. The physics and mechanics properties of particleboard were tested in accordance to standard JIS A 5908:2003 and surface roughness was measured by following the method performed by Hiziroglu (1996). The results showed that the addition of citric acid to sucrose give a positive effect on most of the properties of the nipa frond particleboards. The particleboard bonded with sucrose/citric acid 87.5/12.5 was able to provide the best results to meet the standards of JIS A 5908: 2003. Characteristics of the particleboard was a density of 0.89 g/cm, moisture content of 10.21%, thickness swelling of 2.45%, water absorption of 23.55%, surface roughness of 5.13 ìm, internal bonding of 0.39 MPa, modulus of rupture of 9.80 MPa and modulus of elasticity of 3.19 GPa.

Kilas Balik Sepuluh Tahun Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Ganis Lukmandaru
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 10, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Kilas Balik Sepuluh Tahun Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

Creating New Forest Governance Structure for the 12.7 Million-Promise Ahmad Maryudi
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

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In the National Mid-Term Development Plan for2014-2019, the Government of Indonesia has an ambitious plan to allocate 12.7 million ha of state forests for local communities and indigenous peoples through social forestry projects. Recently, President Joko Widodo has taken a strong step toward fulfilling the promise by handing of 13,000 ha to nine customary communities. He underlined that it is a beginning of the big thing. The policy is a strong political will; it is the first time that customary land rights are legally recognized. Over the years, uses of forest resources by local people were prevented (Maryudi 2011; Maryudi &Krott 2012a). Webb (2008: 26) argues that in many economically-developing countries, traditional forest uses are often labelled as illegal since the governments favour corporate-based/ industries forestry as development strategies. The policy breakthrough is a result of long struggles to main streaming social forestry, nearly 50 years after Jack Westoby’s anthropocentric views regarding forestry and forest management. Before his death, Westoby stated: “a clear forest policy is one condition of a truly social forestry...all forestry should be social”. His thinking seemed to repudiate the idea of forest-based industrial development (Leslie 1989). As he claimed, the enormous expansion in the utilisation of the tropical forests had limitedly done for the people that continued to live in chronic poverty. At the same time, the application of the industrial forestry in the developing world led to environmental crisis of rapid forest destruction (Westoby 1969). Westoby’s address to the 1978’s World Forestry Congress further inspired forest policy makers across the globe, including in Indonesia, to formulate strategies that can tackle both problem in one single package of forest problem (Maryudi et al. 2012). We have since witnessed experiments and pilot projects translating the alternative thinking on the ground,also as manifestation of decentralization anddevolution policy (Sahide et al. 2016a). In Indonesia,however, social forestry is often understood as only involvement of local people in forest management that generate subsistent livehood (Maryudi & Krott2012b). Numerous pilot projects and programs failed to address the central issue of power relations and decision-making authority (Maryudi 2014; Sahide etal. 2016b). In most cases, external actors remain powerful in shaping the programs; they try to skew the outcomes of decision-making processes in their direction (Schusser et al. 2015; Schusser et al. 2016;Mery et al. 2010). Local communities, who are supposedly the core actors, remain peripheral; social forestry has yet to produce the intended outcomes as a result.What does that mean in relation to the new promise by the Indonesian government to rural communities? Rights and access are two central keywords for social forestry. There might be arguments that in social forestry programs in Indonesia, local people have been granted with different types of rights so that they can benefit from the forest resources. Such is not always the case. Quite often, local communities are not able to benefit from the forests despite being given the rights (see Maryudi2014). As such, conflicts persist even in forests where social forestry is implemented (see Maryudi et al.2015). Ribot and Peluso (2003) distinguish access from property. To them, access is defined as “a bundle ofpower” whereas property is defined as “a bundle ofrights”.The new policy clearly needs new approach so that we do not repeat the same mistakes and consequences. New forest governance structure is needed. Local communities should have explicit mandate and legal authority(Krogman & Beckley2002) and power “to influence decisions regarding management of forests, including the rules of access and the disposition of products” (McDermott &Schrekenberg 2009:158). Thus, genuine social forestry entails the following characteristics (Charnley & Poe2007: 1) the degree of responsibility and authority for forest management is formally vested by the state to the local communities, 2) a central objective of forest management is to provide local communities with social and economic benefits from the forest, and 3)ecollogically sustainable forest use is a central management goal, with forest communities taking some responsibility for maintaining and restoring forest health.

Potensi Konflik Penggembalaan Kuda pada Habitat Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) di Kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur Kayat Kayat; Satyawan Pudyatmoko; Muchammad Maksum; Muhammad Ali Imron
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Penggembalaan ternak telah diyakini memengaruhi keberadaan satwa liar, termasuk rusa timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) melalui kompetisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penggembalaan lepas ternak kuda yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat lokal di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur menjadi pesaing bagi rusa timor. Observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan pemilik kuda dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi kuda di habitat rusa timor. Preferensi pakan dari ternak kuda dan rusa timor dikumpulkan menggunakan identifikasi spesies dari kotoran dan dibandingkan dengan plot berukuran 1 x 1 m2 di daerah makan dari kedua hewan tersebut selama musim kering dan hujan pada 2014 dan 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada indikasi yang jelas dari persaingan antara rusa timor dan penggembalaan liar kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang. Rusa timor dan kuda tidak terjadi tumpang tindih spasial dalam distribusi mereka di lokasi tersebut. Ternak kuda menempati savana perbukitan, sedangkan rusa lebih suka menempati savana dengan pohon rengit (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) dan lembah dengan vegetasi hutan tropis kering. Selain itu, rusa timor lebih menyukai makan semak dan dedaunan (browser), sementara kuda lebih menyukai rumput (grazer). Kehadiran ternak lepas kuda di kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang tidak berpengaruh negatif untuk rusa timor dan habitatnyaConflict Potential of Free-Roaming Horse Grazing on Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) Habitat in Torong Padang Cape Area, East Nusa TenggaraAbstractLivestock grazing had been believed to affect on the existence of wildlife, including the timor deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) through competition. This study aimed to determine whether the free-roaming horse grazing owned by local communities in Torong Padang Cape, East Nusa Tenggara become a competitor for timor deer. Field observations and interviews with horse owners were carried out to determine the distribution of horse in timor deer habitat. Food preference of both horse and timor deer were collected using species identification from feces and compared with 1 x 1 m2 plots at feeding areas of both animals during the dry and rainy seasons in 2014 and 2015. There is no clear indication of competition between timor deer and free-roaming horses in the Torong Padang Cape area.The deer and horse avoided overlapping spatially in their distribution in the Cape. The free-roaming horse mainly occupied hilly savanna, whereas timor deer preferred to occupy savanna with lebbek tree (Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth) and valleys with tropical dry forest vegetation. In addition, the timor deer prefer to feed shrubs and foliage (browser), while horses prefer grass (grazer). The presence of free-roaming horse in the Torong Padang Capearea does not affect negatively for the timor deer and its habitat.

Estimasi Stok dan Serapan Karbon pada Mangrove di Sungai Tallo, Makassar Rahman Rahman; Hefni Effendi; Iman Rusmana
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki kemampuan menyerap CO2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan vegetasi tumbuhan lainnya. Namun upaya pengelolaannya sebagai kawasan penyimpan stok karbon masih belum maksimal. Kota Makassar memiliki Sungai Tallo yang sepanjang bantarannya ditumbuhi oleh vegetasi mangrove dan sangat potensial untuk dikelola sebagai ruang terbuka hijau. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Tallo terletak tepat di tengah kota Makassar dan sepanjang bantaran sungai didominasi oleh spesies Nypa fruticans dengan jumlah 18.514 pohon dan kerapatan 4.256 pohon/ha, menyimpan karbon sebesar 21,82 ton C/ha, menyerap 80,02 ton CO2/ha. Spesies dominan kedua adalah Rhizophora mucronata dengan jumlah 8.492 pohon dan kerapatan 2.352 pohon/ha, menyimpan karbon sebesar 19,94 ton C/ha, menyerap 73,13 ton CO2/ha. Spesies dominan ketiga yaitu Avicennia alba dengan jumlah 2.421 pohon dan kerapatan 3.228 pohon/ha, menyimpan karbon sebesar 53,96 ton C/ha, menyerap 197,87 ton CO2/ha. Nilai kerapatan dan kemampuan serapan mangrove tersebut sangat sesuai untuk dikelola pada ruang terbuka hijau penyuplai udara segar dan penyerap CO2.Stock Estimation and Carbon Absorption of Mangrove in Tallo River, MakassarAbstractThe mangrove ecosystem has a higher ability of CO2 absorption than other vegetations. However, the effort to establish the mangrove to be a carbon stock area has not been achieved. Makassar has Tallo River, covered with mangrove vegetation along its riverbank, which is potent to be managed as a green open space. The observations indicated that Tallo River was located in the center part of Makassar city and was dominated by Nypa fruticans along the riverbanks in 18,514 trees and a density of 4,256 trees/ha, stored carbon of 21.82 tons C/ha, and absorbs 80.02 tons CO2/ha. Rhizophora mucronata was the second dominant species in 8.492 trees and density of 2,352 trees/ha, stored carbon of 19.94 tons C/ha, and absorbs 73.13 tons CO2/ha. The third dominant species was Avicennia alba in 2,421 trees and density of 3,228 trees/ha, stored carbon of 263.85 tons C/ha, and absorbs 197.89 tons CO2/ha. The density and ability to absorb values of the mangrove is highly suitable to be managed for a green open space to supply fresh air and CO2.

Penggunaan Principal Component Analysis dalam Distribusi Spasial Vegetasi Mangrove di Pantai Utara Pemalang Erny Poedjirahajoe; Djoko Marsono; Frita Kusuma Wardhani
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Habitat sangat memengaruhi komposisi penyusun ekosistem mangrove. Perubahan kualitas habitat secara kompleks dapat mengakibatkan pergeseran jenis tanaman penyusunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola distribusi spasial vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik habitat di kawasan rehabilitasi mangrove Pemalang. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi antara metode jalur dan petak contoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran spasial faktor habitat mangrove pada setiap stasiun pengamatan membentuk tiga cluster dengan karakteristik yang berbeda. Cluster 1 dicirikan pH, oksigen terlarut, dan suhu yang rendah, ketebalan lumpur dan salinitas yang tinggi. Cluster 2 oleh kandungan oksigen terlarut, salinitas, dan tebal lumpur yang rendah, serta suhu dan pH yang tinggi. Cluster 3 dengan pH, salinitas, dan tebal lumpur yang rendah serta kandungan oksigen terlarut yang tinggi dan suhu yang sedang. Sebaran spasial jenis mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik faktor habitat dapat membentuk tiga cluster. Cluster 1 terdiri dari Rhizophora mucronata Lam. dan Sonneratia alba Sm. dengan karakteristik habitat berupa suhu yang sedang dan oksigen terlarut yang tinggi. Cluster 2 terdiri dari Acanthus ilicifolius L., Avicennia alba Blume, dan R. apiculata Blume dengan karakteristik habitat berupa tebal lumpur, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan salinitas yang sedang. Cluster 3 dengan jenis Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. dengan karakteristik habitat berupa pH, salinitas, suhu, dan tebal lumpur yang tinggi.Usage of Principal Component Analysis in the Spatial Distribution of Mangrove Vegetation in North Coast of PemalangAbstractHabitat factors greatly affect the composition of the mangrove ecosystem. Changes in habitat quality may result on a shift of the type of plant mangrove ecosystem composition. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution patterns of mangrove vegetation based on the characteristics of the habitat in the mangrove area in Pemalang District. The method used for data collection was the combination of transect method and plot sampling. The results showed that the spatial distribution of mangrove habitat factors at each observation station formed three clusters with different characteristics. Cluster 1 was characterized by low levels of pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperatures, as well as high values of mud thickness, and salinity. Cluster 2 was characterized by the low amount of dissolved oxygen, salinity, and mud thickness and high levels of temperature and pH. Cluster 3 was characterized by low values of pH, salinity, and mud thickness but high amount of dissolved oxygen and mild temperatures. The spatial distribution of mangrove species based on the characteristics of the habitat factors formed three clusters. Cluster 1 were Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Sonneratia alba Sm. species as the habitat characteristics were mild temperatures and high amount of dissolved oxygen. Cluster 2 were Acanthus ilicifolius L., Avicennia alba Blume, and Rhizophora apiculata Blume with habitat characteristics were moderate levels of mud thickness, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity. Cluster 3 was Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. as its habitat characteristics were high values of pH, salinity, temperature, and mud thickness.

Optimalisasi Pembagian Batang (Bucking Policy) Kayu Bulat Jati dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pendapatan KPH Madiun Wahyu Andayani; Ris Hadi Purwanto; Slamet Riyanto
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pendapatan KPH Madiun akan naik jika metode pembagian batang optimal diimplementasikan, sesuai dengan teori optimalisasi. Hal tersebut karena lebih dari 50% kontribusi pendapatan KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur sampai saat ini berasal dari penjualan kayu jati. Produk yang dijual meliputi berbagai sortimen yang ditetapkan dengan kebijakan pembagian batang sesuai “Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Pembagian Batang Kayu Bundar Jati Tahun 2006”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metode pembagian batang optimal dengan menggunakan teori program linier. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa, terdapat 96 alternatif cara pembagian batang dari 6 kelas diameter, dan 16 sortimen terdiri dari : vinir, hara, kayu bahan parket (KBP) untuk kebutuhan industri lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah : pendapatan KPH Madiun meningkat sebesar Rp. 4.599.460/m3, atau sebesar Rp. 8.921.623/pohon, sedangkan realisasi pendapatan usaha yang diperoleh saat ini adalah sebesar Rp. 3.701.503/m3 atau sebesar Rp. 7.179.847/pohon. Dengan demikian jika metode optimalisasi diterapkan nilai ekonomi per pohon akan naik sebesar 24,26% atau setara dengan volume sebesar 1,94 m3.Bucking Policy Optimization of Teak Log to Increase the Revenue of KPH Madiun. AbstractThe revenue of KPH Madiun could have been effectively increased through improvement in its bucking policy implementation. Such implementation had been formulated in this research using optimization theory to generate the maximum total economic values of log assortments cut from felled trees. As teakwood production had been the core business, contributing more than 50 % of the revenue, KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java had been choosen as the object and location of this research. The research found and analized 96 alternatives of bucking policy implementations, derived from 6 possible diameter classes, and 16 possible assortment quality classes. The log assortment was identified by its diameter, length, and quality, as raw materials of veneer, parquet, and local industry. Through optimization process, the optimum bucking policy could potentially increase revenue of KPH Madiun to the maximum of IDR 4,599,460 per m3, or IDR 8,921,623 per tree of 1.94 m3 average. Comparing to existing revenue of IDR 3,701,503 per m3, or IDR 7,179,847 per tree of the same average, which has been based on the formal bucking policy guidance of um Perhutani Unit II (2006), it could be a significant potential increase of 24.26 % or equal to 1.94 m3.

Hidrolisis Media Sisa Budidaya Jamur Kuping Menggunakan Tiga Jenis Enzim Selulase Denny Irawati
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Jamur kuping (Auricularia polytricha) termasuk dalam kelas Basidiomycetes yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Setelah 6-8 bulan masa pembudidayaan media budidaya jamur kuping harus diperbaharui. Sejauh ini media sisa budidaya jamur kuping belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik, bahkan limbah tersebut hanya dibuang begitu saja sebagai limbah. Hal ini sangat berbahaya karena sisa miselia yang terdapat di dalam media sisa dapat mendegradasi lebih lanjut media dan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan yaitu terlepasnya gas metana ke udara. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan sisa media budidaya kuping perlu dilakukan antara lain untuk memproduksi gula pereduksi dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis enzim selulase. Penelitian ini menggunakan media sisa budidaya jamur kuping yang berasal dari 3 jenis kayu, yaitu sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jati (Tectona grandis), dan meranti (Shorea sp.), yang dihidrolisis menggunakan 3 jenis enzim selulase yaitu Driselase, Cellulase “Onozuka” R-10, dan Meicelase. Setelah hidrolisis, kemudian diukur laju hidrolisisnya dan dianalisis kadar gula pereduksinya. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan aras 3 x 3 serta ulangan sebanyak 3 untuk setiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sisa budidaya jamur kuping memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku gula pereduksi yang selanjutnya dapat difermentasi menjadi bio-etanol atau bahan kimia lainnya. Laju hidrolisis berkisar antara 1,43-21,29%, dengan kombinasi tertinggi yaitu media sisa budidaya yang terbuat dari serbuk kayu meranti dengan menggunakan enzim Meicelase. Kadar dan rendemen gula pereduksi tertinggi juga dihasilkan dari kombinasi perlakuan yang sama, yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 127,7 mg/g dan 12,8% dengan kisaran hasil antara 56,01-127,7 mg/g atau rendemen 5,6-12,8%.The Hydrolysis of Ear-Mushroom Cultivation Media Residue by Using Three Kinds of Cellulase EnzymesAbstractEar mushrooms (Auricularia polytricha) belongs to class Basidiomycetes is widely cultivated in Indonesia. After 6-8 months of cultivation, the media should be renewed. Therefore, the rest of the media is under utilized and just thrown away as a waste. This is dangerous because the residual mycelia that contained in the rest of the media may further degrade the media. This pollutes the environmental pollution due to discharge of methane into the air. Therefore, the utilization of residual ear mushroom media needs to be processed. In fact, this residue can produce a reducing-sugar using various commercial cellulase enzymes. This study used the residual media of the cultivation of mushroom derived from three types of wood, i.e. sengon (Falcataria moluccana), teak (Tectona grandis), and meranti (Shorea sp.), and then they were hydrolyzed using three types of cellulase enzymes, i.e. Driselase, Cellulase “Onozuka” R-10, and Meicelase. The hydrolysis rate was measured and the reducing-sugar yield was analyzed. The design used was completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factors and 3 replications for each treatment. The results showed that the residue of the mushroom cultivation media has the potential of reducing sugar as a raw material which can then be fermented into bio-ethanol or other chemicals. Hydrolysis rate ranged from 1.43 to 21.29%. The highest combination of residual cultivation medium was made from meranti sawdust by using Meicelase enzyme. The highest reducing sugar content yield were also resulted from the combination of the same treatment, which amounted to 127.7 mg/g or 12.8% with output range between 56.0 and 127.7 mg/g (or yield 5.6-12.8%).

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Contact Name
Tri Mulyaningsih

Contact Email
trimulya@unram.ac.id

Phone
+62274-512102

Journal Mail Official
jik@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/about/editorialTeam

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Tri Mulyaningsih

Contact Email trimulya@unram.ac.id

Phone +62274-512102

Journal Mail Official jik@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/about/editorialTeam

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Tri Mulyaningsih

Contact Email
trimulya@unram.ac.id

Phone
+62274-512102

Journal Mail Official
jik@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/about/editorialTeam

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA