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Unesa Journal of Chemistry
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Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : 22528180     DOI : https://doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v11n2
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology
UNESA Journal of Chemistry is online Journal covering all aspects of Chemistry. The journal publishes original research paper and review articles.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 119 Documents
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UJI KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI GEMPOLSARI DI SEKITAR LUMPUR LAPINDO DENGAN PARAMETER FISIKA-KIMIA UNTUK MENENTUKAN STATUS MUTU LINGKUNGAN Izzy Eka Nur Rochmad; Naja Suad Suzainti; Abellya Syafira; Rizky Alicia Miranti; Rusmini
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v14n2.p56-62

Abstract

Water is a resource that is vulnerable to quality degradation due to anthropogenic activities and environmental disasters. The Lapindo mudflow that has been occurring since 2006 in Sidoarjo has the potential to affect the condition of surrounding waters, including the Gempolsari River, which is located near the affected area. This study aims to analyze the water quality of the Gempolsari River using physical-chemical parameters as a basis for determining environmental quality status. The methods used included water sampling and analysis of selected parameters, namely pH, DO, TDS, nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3), and heavy metals. The analysis was carried out using simple field test equipment and compared with river water quality standards based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The results showed that the nitrate level was 50 mg/L, which exceeded the threshold, indicating nutrient pollution. Other parameters such as ammonia (0 mg/L), most heavy metals (0 mg/L), pH (7.5), TDS (0.308 mg/L), and DO (10 mg/L) were still within the quality standards. However, the concentrations of magnesium (425 mg/L) and carbon (425 mg/L) were detected to exceed the standards. These findings indicate that the water quality of the Gempolsari River is relatively good for most parameters, but is lightly to moderately polluted due to nutrient loads, particularly nitrates, and certain mineral content. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of water quality in the areas affected by the Lapindo mudflow. The results can be used as a basis for environmental management recommendations and pollution mitigation efforts for the sake of aquatic ecosystem sustainability and public health protection.
OPTIMASI VARIASI KONSENTRASI TWEEN 80 PADA FORMULASI NANOEMULSI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN DAN DAUN KELOR devanus lahardo; yafet Pradikatama Prihantono
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v14n3.p83-89

Abstract

Abstract. This study aims to optimize the nanoemulsion formulation of combined extracts of Centella asiatica and Moringa oleifera leaves using varying concentrations of Tween 80 as a surfactant. Three formulas were prepared with 8%, 10%, and 12% Tween 80. Physical evaluations included particle size, pH, and viscosity. Results showed that increasing Tween 80 concentration increased particle size and viscosity, while pH remained relatively stable. The 8% Tween 80 formula yielded the most optimal result with the smallest particle size and suitable viscosity for topical application. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in particle size and viscosity, but not in pH. These findings indicate that Tween 80 concentration affects the physical stability of the nanoemulsion Key words: kelor leaves, pegagan leaves, nanoemulsion, tween 80
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Ekstraksi terhadap Rendemen dan Total Kurkuminoid Ekstrak Etanol 96% Temu Giring (Curcuma heyneana) menggunakan Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction Mutia Nur Oktavia; Hanif Rifqi Prasetyawan
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v14n2.p63-69

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extraction time variations on the yield and total curcuminoids of 96% ethanol extract of temu giring (Curcuma heyneana) using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. Extraction was performed at 20, 60, 120, and 150 seconds using an 800-watt microwave with a 1:10 (w/v) solvent ratio. Yield was calculated based on total solids, while total curcuminoids were quantified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 469 nm. The results showed an increase in yield from 2.40% (20 s) to 7.52% (150 s) and total curcuminoids from 2.3962 µg/mL to 5.9593 µg/mL. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between treatments (****p < 0, 0001). Based on the tested time range 150-second exteaction time was identified as optimum, maximizing cell rupture and solvent diffusion without compromising thermal stability of curcuminoids. Thus, extraction time plays a key role in optimizing green extraction of temu giring.
Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Etanol 70% Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) Sebagai Peningkat Nafsu Makan Secara in vivo: Effectiveness Test of 70% Ethanol Extract of Gotu Kola Herb (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) as an Appetite Stimulant in vivo Fajar Sandhori; Yusuf Alif Pratama; Hanif Rifqi Prasetyawan; Subhan Rullyansyah; Firmansyah Ardian Ramadhani
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol 15 No 1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v14n3.p97-103

Abstract

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. contain bioactive compounds such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics with antioxidant activity that can increase appetite through an indirect orexigenic effect. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the effectiveness of the extract as an appetite enhancer in vivo. Extraction was performed using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method at a maximum wavelength of 517 nm. The in vivo study was conducted on male BALB/c mice divided into four groups (control, 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW). The results showed that the extract exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 50.16 ± 3.24 ppm, which was weaker than vitamin C (8.15 ± 0.72 ppm) . Appetite stimulation testing demonstrated increased feed intake at doses of 200 mg/kg BW (3.25 ± 0.36 g) and 400 mg/kg BW (3.88 ± 0.44 g) compared to the control (2.34 ± 0.43 g) and each group showed significant differences (p<0.05). These findings indicate that the 70% ethanol extract of Centella asiatica possesses moderate antioxidant activity and potential appetite-enhancing effects at specific dosages.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOKATALIS K2O/LUMPUR LAPINDO SEBAGAI KATALIS REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK JELANTAH MENJADI BIODIESEL Hamidatul Mubarokah; Samik
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v14n3.p97-106

Abstract

Lapindo mud (LM) was explored as a low-cost base material for nanocatalyst development aimed at converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel. This study evaluates the synthesis and characterization of K₂O/LM nanocatalysts through the impregnation of K₂CO₃ with variations of 10%, 20%, and 30% followed by calcination at 550 °C for 3 h and particle size reduction via ball milling. The catalysts were characterized using XRF, XRD, and PSA. XRF analysis confirmed a significant increase in K₂O content from 2.51% in Lapindo Mud to 13.5%, 23.7%, and 36.4% after impregnation. The presence of characteristic K₂O peaks in XRD patterns further verified successful incorporation of active species. PSA results showed average particle sizes of 556.8 nm for LM and 535.9 nm for the K₂O(30)/LM catalyst. Transesterification was carried out at 60 °C for 2 h using a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1 and 4 wt% catalyst. GC–MS analysis revealed that biodiesel produced using LM catalyst contained 99.28% methyl esters, whereas the K₂O(30)/LM catalyst yielded 19.74% methyl esters. The K2O/LM catalyst exhibited relatively low performance in the transesterification of WCO, which is attributed to the absence of a prior calcination step of the lapindo mud before impregnation.
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIK PUPUK GRANUL UREA-BIOCHAR BAMBU BERSELAPUT ASAM AKRILAT Ni Nyoman Ari Putri Murtiyah; Ni Ketut Karina Sari; Dewa Ayu Ari Febriyanti; I Wayan Dirgayana
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol 15 No 1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v15n1.p7-13

Abstract

Nitrogen use efficiency in conventional urea fertilizers remains low due to nutrient loss through leaching and volatilization. This study aims to develop and characterize a slow-release fertilizer (SRF) based on a bamboo biochar matrix coated with acrylic acid polymer. The fertilizers were formulated into granules using coating and matrix methods with urea proportions of 25%, 30%, and 35%. Characterization included physical properties, surface morphology, and elemental composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that the produced granules were dominated by sizes of 2–5 mm, ranging from 80.17% to 92.50%, complying with the Ministry of Agriculture Regulation (Permentan) No. 01 of 2019. SEM analysis confirmed that acrylic acid successfully encapsulated the pores of the bamboo biochar and urea, forming a physical barrier structure that extends the nutrient diffusion path. EDS spectra verified the successful impregnation of urea into the matrix, with Nitrogen (N) retention of 41.15% for the coating method and 27.97% for the matrix method. The presence of bamboo biochar micropores and the polymer layer aligns with slow-release principles, enhancing agronomic efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts.
FITOREMEDIASI AIR LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT MENGGUNAKAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes): STUDI KASUS AMONIA DAN pH Siti Jelita Norfania Widiyawati; Rusmini
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol 15 No 1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v15n1.p20-27

Abstract

Hospital wastewater contains various hazardous compounds such as ammonia (NH3) which can reduce the quality of the aquatic environment if not properly managed. Based on the results of the Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) test in September 2025, the ammonia level in the effluent exceeded the quality standard of 0.26 mg/L due to damage to the aeration system (blower). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in reducing ammonia levels and pH in wastewater. The study used a Quasi-Experimental design with a descriptive approach, a pretest-posttest with control group model conducted for 7 days. Most of the treated samples experienced a decrease in pH approaching neutral. The highest percentage reduction was found in sample P2 with a percentage of -7.17%. In the ammonia test, most samples experienced a decrease in ammonia levels, as shown by the change from >2 ppm at H0 to 0 ppm at H7  . This shows that water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is able to reduce ammonia levels and lower pH levels approaching neutral pH.
Stabilitas Kimia Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Alkali Berdasarkan Langelier Saturation Index dan Endapan Kalsium Karbonat Dandi Umar Faqih; Rusmini
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol 15 No 1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v15n1.p14-19

Abstract

Alkaline bottled drinking water is characterized by high pH and relatively high alkalinity, which may influence its chemical stability during storage. One commonly observed phenomenon is the formation of white precipitates that can reduce the perceived quality of the product. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical stability of alkaline bottled drinking water based on physicochemical parameter analysis, characterization of the formed precipitates, and calculation of the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) as an initial indicator of calcium carbonate precipitation tendency. The study was conducted on ten alkaline bottled water samples from a single producer by measuring pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, and Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ion concentrations. The white precipitates formed during storage were qualitatively analyzed and confirmed through reaction tests with hydrochloric acid. The results showed that all samples had pH values of 8.35-8.50, alkalinity of 146-154 mg/L as CaCO₃, and a dominance of Ca²⁺ ions over Mg²⁺ ions. All samples exhibited positive LSI values, indicating supersaturation with respect to calcium carbonate. These findings indicate that LSI is a relevant initial indicator for evaluating the chemical stability of alkaline bottled drinking water during storage.
Analisis MPN E. Coli dan Total Coliform pada Air Bersih di SPPG Kabupaten Malang Nuralya Yuniarwati; Rusmini
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Vol 15 No 1
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v15n1.p28-32

Abstract

Clean water is water that meets the requirements for daily activities. The quality of clean water can be determined chemically, physically, and biologically. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of Coliform and E. coli bacteria in clean water samples. The method used is the MPN (Most Probable Number) method. The sample in this study was total sampling, namely the entire population was made into a research sample of 5 samples. There were 2 Coliform examination results that met the standard, namely SPPG A (0 MPN/100 ml) and SPPG E (0 MPN/100 ml). 3 samples did not meet the standard, namely SPPG B (> 1600 MPN/100 ml), SPPG C (6.8 MPN / 100 ml), SPPG D (39 MPN/100 ml). In the E. coli examination, there were 2 results that met the standard, namely SPPG A (0 MPN / 100 ml) and SPPG E (0 MPN/100 ml). Three results that did not meet the standards were SPPG C (350 MPN/100 ml), SPPG D (6.8 MPN/100 ml), SPPG E (4.5 MPN/100 ml). Based on the results of the clean water examination conducted, with a total of 5 samples, it showed that 2 samples met biological requirements.
Aktivitas Antibakteri: Pinostrobin dan Fraksi n-Heksana Rimpang Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Anita Puspa Widiyana; Citra Destya Rahma Putri; Rio Risandiansyah Risandiansyah
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Vol 15 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v15n2.p33-41

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium caused by serious infections, and its resistance to antibiotics continues to increase. The rhizome of Boesenbergia pandurata is known to contain terpenylated flavonoids that have potential as new antibacterial agents. This study aimed to isolate the compound pinostrobin from fingerroot, characterize its structure, and evaluate the antibacterial activity of pinostrobin and the n-hexane fraction against S. aureus. The research method included maceration of the fingerroot with ethanol, liquid-liquid fractionation with n-hexane:ethanol (1:1), and purification of pinostrobin by recrystallization. The concentrated extract obtained was 5.51 g (5.5%), and the n-hexane fraction was 0.24 g (4.4%). Structural analysis with FTIR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and MS confirmed the isolate as pinostrobin. The antibacterial assay by disc diffusion method showed that pinostrobin had zero activity, while the n-hexane fraction produced inhibition zones of 7.5–10.0 mm in the range of 2,500–20,000 ppm. It is concluded that pinostrobin is not active as an antibacterial agent, and the activity of the n-hexane fraction was relatively weak, thus requiring further formulation development to enhance its effectiveness.

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