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Manilkara: Journal of Bioscience
Published by Universitas Terbuka
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29640164     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33830/manilkara
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Veterinary
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience is designed to share research articles from academics, researchers, practitioners, and students on research in various aspects of biology and its applications. Papers for publication in this journal are selected through proper peer-review to ensure quality, originality, suitability, and legibility. This journal covers various disciplines in biology (microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, ecology, taxonomy, structure and development of animals/plants, and evolution); Biotechnology; and applied science in solving problems in the fields of biology (biomedical, agricultural, industrial, ethnobiological, and environmental). The journal is published biannually on February and August.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 34 Documents
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Pengaruh Makanan terhadap Melanisme Bulu pada Bagian Perut Burung Bondol Jawa (Lonchura Leucogastroides) Rema Marninda Zahara
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i1.4615.2023

Abstract

In the wild the Javanese bondol bird (Lonchura leucogastroides) is known as a pest for farmers because it often eats rice grains and seeds that are growing in the fields. If the bondol bird is kept in the wild until it becomes tame, it is predicted that changes in the type of food consumed will affect the color of the hairs that grow on its body parts. The aim of this study was to observe and describe the color changes that occur in the feathers of bondol birds due to the type of food consumed in the form of millet. The research method was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. The results showed that giving millet as food for Javanese bondol birds had an impact on the occurrence of changes in the color of the feathers (melanism) on the stomach to black-brown. In fact, generally in the stomach is white.
Spesimen Capung (Odonata) Koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor: Proses Pembuatan dan Identifikasi Rachmatiyah, Rina; Pungki Lupiyaningdyah
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i1.6076.2023

Abstract

Dragonfly (Odonata) specimens that have been collected for 76 years (1929-2005) by the Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) and kept at the Zoologicum Bogoriense Museum (ZBM) are interesting to study because quite a number of these specimens have not been identified at the species taxon level. The research objective was to record and identify dragonfly species that once lived and were found flying in the BBG area and have become ZBM specimen collections. The research method used is by sorting, grouping, and identifying specimen collections. The identification results of dragonfly specimen collection showed that there were 1,357 specimens consisting of 7 families and 25 species. The most collected family was Libellulidae. The most collected species was Agriocnemis femina (311 specimens), followed by Crocothemis servilia (245 specimens), and Brachythemis contaminata (217 specimens).  The year 1995 was the year with the highest number of specimens collected at 1,137 specimens. Garuda Park Pond, Building 9 Pond, Palace Pond, and inside the botanical garden area were the locations with the most dragonfly encounters.
Keberagaman Character state Daun Litsea (Lauraceae) Koleksi Cianjur Herbarium Hortus Botanicus Tjibodensis Suherman, Dadang
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i1.6329.2023

Abstract

Herbarium serves as a storage place for plants that have been preserved, both in the form of dry and wet preserves. The specimen material is useful in determining the taxonomic status or identity of a plant. Litsea is one of the genera of the Lauraceae tribe (kamper-kamperan) which has similar leaf morphological characters among the species in it or even with other genera that are still in one tribe. The study aims to explain the variation of leaf morphological characters of species of Litsea clan members derived from herbarium specimens of the Cianjur Herbarium Hortus Botanicus Tjibodensis (CHTJ) collection. The research method uses direct observation of specimens in a careful, detailed, high concentration, and still refer to the information data contained in the herbarium sheet. The results showed that the petiole length ranged from 0.7 cm to 3 cm, the petiole surface was hairy (glabrescent) and glabrous. Species of the genus Litsea have leaf shape (circumscriptio): oval (ovalis/ellipticus), elongated (oblongus), and lobed (lanceolatus); The leaf tip (apex folii) is pointed (acutus) in 5 species, and tapered (acuminatus) in 4 species, obtuse (obtusus) in 3 species; the leaf base (base folii) is rounded (rotundatus) in 4 species, obtuse (obtusus) in 5 species, and pointed (acutus) in 3 species; while the arrangement of leaf bones (nervatio or venation) is pinnate (penninervis). The species also have flat leaf margins (margo folii) (integer), with the leaf blade (intervenium) being paper-like and parchment-like, the leaf color is green, and the leaf surface has pilosus.
Peranan Kombinasi Pakan Limbah Organik terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Nutrisi Larva Lalat Tentara Hitam (Hermetia Illucens) Ayuningrum, Sri Utami; Putra, Ramadhani Eka
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i1.6530.2023

Abstract

The amount of organic waste is increasing along with the increase in population. The problem of organic waste can be overcome by the bioconversion method using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens larvae. This study aims to analyze the effect of combination feed with differences on the major nutrient content on survival rate, growth rate, feed consumption, Waster Reduction Index (WRI), Efficiency of Conversion of Digested Feed (ECDF), and nutritional content of BSF larvae. The feed given are  fish offal (high in fat), tofu pulp (high in protein), and banana peel (high in hemicelulose) with a ratio of 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, and 1:1:1. Feed combination 1:1:2 has the highest value of growth rate (3.47 mg/larva/day), feed consumption (25,76%), WRI (0,42%/day), ECDF (12.91%) and survival rate (81,38%). BSF larvae is potential to be used as alternative animal feed because they contain high levels of protein.
Profil Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Intertidal Pantai Balekambang, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur Alwan Alauddin Syah
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 1 (2023): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i1.5685.2023

Abstract

Concerns and vulnerabilities from the impact of rapid infrastructure growth in the Balekambang Beach area, Malang Regency can trigger damage to the existing coral reef ecosystem, especially in the intertidal zone. This is possible because it is not followed by awareness and understanding wisely by the surrounding community towards environmental conservation. The study aimed to determine the status of coral reefs, identify living corals, and measure the value of coral species diversity in the intertidal zone of Balekambang Beach, Malang Regency, East Java. The research used survey method with the help of Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) tool, the data was processed with Coral Point Count with Excel Extension (CPCe) software. The results showed that the percentage of coral cover varied in the range of 9.13%-21.53%, so it was included in the damaged category with poor sub-category. Identification of coral species at station 1 (BLCK01) was Favites spp., Gonioastrea spp., and Galaxea sp., at station 2 (BLCK02) found Favites spp., Gonioastrea spp., Platygyra sp.. Pocillopora spesicosa, and Porites sp. At station 3 (BLCK03), coral species Favites spp., Gonioastrea spp., Platygyra sp., Acropora spp., Pocillopra spesicosa, and Porites sp. The value of coral species diversity on this beach is included in the low category, namely 1.71-1.97.
Keanekaragaman Spesies Bambusa (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) di Kalimantan, Indonesia Anne Kusumawaty; I Putu Gede P. Damayanto
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i2.7516.2024

Abstract

Bamboo is reported to have many benefits, including as handicraft material, fishing, building materials, household appliances, furniture, food containers, medicines, vegetable materials, and firewood. In Indonesia, bamboo species richness is quite high with 175 bamboo species that can be found spread from Java to Papua. Research information on Bambusa species data in the Kalimantan region is relatively scarce and invalid. The research aims to provide data on the diversity of Bambusa species in Kalimantan. The research method was carried out descriptively by observing morphological characters from herbarium specimens and digital herbarium. Data were collected from herbarium specimens of bamboo genus Bambusa collected from Kalimantan and digital specimen data stored in online database portals, such as GBIF and Bioportal. All specimens were re-identified and their names validated. The results showed that there are five species of Bambusa in Kalimantan, namely Bambusa glaucophylla Widjaja, B. multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult.f., B. spinosa Roxb., B. tuldoides Munro, and B. vulgaris Schrad.  The presentation is complemented by identification keys and explanations.
Perbandingan Teknik Isolasi DNA pada Daun dan Kayu Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia) Susila, Susila; I Putu Gede P. Damayanto; Kusumadewi Sri Yulita; Nawwall Arrofaha
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i2.7517.2024

Abstract

Rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia) is a hardwood plant, resistant to termite attack, its wood has beautiful patterned fibers and textures, so it is widely used for furniture in luxury categories with high economic value. According to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), rosewood trade status is included in appendix II. In the trade of rosewood in both domestic and international markets, there are relatively many obstacles and difficulties in identifying the origin of rosewood. It is very important to establish a reference on the identity of wood based on the location of origin as an effort to prevent illegal trade, namely by using a molecular-based identification approach (DNA fingerprinting). In the isolation of rosewood DNA, special techniques are required due to its hard wood characteristics. This study aims to compare DNA isolation techniques from wood and leaves of rosewood using the CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) protocol and the commercial kit protocol. The research used molecular biology-based identification methods. PCR results showed that the DNA isolation protocol using the commercial kit outperformed the CTAB protocol for both leaf and wood samples. DNA isolation from wood samples was more difficult than leaf samples. Overall, the best protocol for DNA isolation from rosewood leaves and wood was to use a commercial kit.
Identifikasi Tingkat Ploidi Tanaman Pisang Menggunakan Flow Cytometer di Jawa Tengah Herlina; Yuyu Suryasari Poerba; Tri Handayani; Fajarudin Ahmad; Diyah Martanti
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i2.7573.2024

Abstract

In Indonesia, banana plants are known to have high genetic diversity, both cultivated and wild bananas. Banana plants are naturally known to have several levels of ploidy, namely diploid, triploid, and tetraploid. This study aims to identify the level of ploidy in banana plants explored in Central Java. The research method used flow cytometer, which analyzes the size of the plant genome, thus providing an overview of the level of ploidy and genetic diversity in banana plant populations. The research samples were banana plant leaves from various exploration locations in Central Java. The identification results show that of the 30 banana plant leaf samples that were successfully analyzed, it is known that the largest number of samples from banana plants that have triploid ploidy level (2n = 3x), namely 15 numbers, diploid ploidy level (2n = 2x) as many as 14 numbers, and found 1 cultivated banana with tetraploid ploidy level (2n = 4x). The results of ploidy level identification can provide guidance for researchers and plant breeders in selecting the right genotype for the development of superior varieties.
Potensi Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) sebagai Media Alternatif Pertumbuhan Jamur Fusarium sp. Suryani, Suryani; Edwar, Edwar
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i2.7630.2024

Abstract

Fungi are microorganisms that live heterotrophically, are saprophytic, and parasitic. Fungi can be grown in-vitro or in-vivo in the laboratory using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The limited availability of PDA can be overcome by looking for new alternative media derived from materials that are easily obtained based on the potential of natural resources in the immediate environment. The research aims to test avocado fruit as an alternative medium for the growth of Fusarium sp. The research used descriptive exploratory methods and the data were presented in the form of tables, graphs, and figures. The results showed that the growth of Fusarium sp. fungi in avocado fruit media (ripe and unripe avocado fruit media) had better growth than the control. This is characterized by the average diameter of colony growth reaching 93 mm at 96-120 hours after incubation, while on PDA media the average diameter of colony growth reaches 93 mm at 168 hours after incubation. In conclusion, avocado fruit media (Persea americana Mill.) can be used as an alternative media for the growth of Fusarium sp.
Komparasi Metode Isolasi DNA dalam Mendeteksi Gen toxR Bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Lestari, Nana
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v2i2.7668.2024

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria is one of the dangerous pathogens in vaname shrimp farming (Litopenaeus vannamei). Infection with this bacterium can cause mass mortality in shrimp and considerable losses for farmers. This bacterium also has a specific gene, the toxR gene, which is used to detect its presence. The successful detection of this bacterium determines the success of handling the disease it causes. The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal DNA isolation method in detecting the toxR gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in vaname shrimp. The research was conducted by means of molecular biology-based identification using two DNA isolation protocols, namely Chloroform and Boilling Lysis Buffer. Visualization results showed that toxR gene DNA appeared in samples isolated with Boiling Lysis Buffer in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) media culture preparation. This means that the Boiling Lysis Buffer method is a suitable DNA isolation method for detecting the toxR gene of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in white shrimp.

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