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Manilkara: Journal of Bioscience
Published by Universitas Terbuka
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29640164     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33830/manilkara
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Veterinary
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience is designed to share research articles from academics, researchers, practitioners, and students on research in various aspects of biology and its applications. Papers for publication in this journal are selected through proper peer-review to ensure quality, originality, suitability, and legibility. This journal covers various disciplines in biology (microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, ecology, taxonomy, structure and development of animals/plants, and evolution); Biotechnology; and applied science in solving problems in the fields of biology (biomedical, agricultural, industrial, ethnobiological, and environmental). The journal is published biannually on February and August.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 34 Documents
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Analisis Karakteristik Biokimia serta Pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis pada Campuran Limbah Cair Keju dan Media Zarrouk’s dengan Konsentrasi Berbeda Apriastini, Marsiti; Agustini, Ni Wayan Sri
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i1.9664.2024

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a filamentous, photosynthetic, multicellular blue-green microalga that thrives in various ecosystems. In addition to using Zarrouk's medium for the cultivation of S. platensis, wastewater can also serve as an alternative medium, as it contains nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and essential micronutrients for microalgal growth. The growth conditions of S. platensis are influenced by light, oxygen, and the pH of the medium. The aim of this study was to observe the growth and nutrient content of Spirulina platensis when cultivated in alternative growth media containing cheese liquid waste. This study utilized 15% cheese liquid waste in each treatment. The research involved several stages, including the cultivation of S. platensis to determine the growth pattern by measuring optical density (OD), protein content analysis using the Biuret method, and carbohydrate content analysis using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The results showed that the lag phase of S. platensis growth occurred on day 2, during which the cells were still adapting to the wastewater. The exponential phase was observed on day 4, characterized by rapid and significant cell growth and development. In this phase, nutrients were sufficient to meet the needs of S. platensis cells, supported by favorable environmental factors. The highest protein and phycocyanin contents were observed in the mixture of cheese liquid waste and Zarrouk's medium at 100% concentration, while the highest carbohydrate and fat contents were observed in the mixture of cheese liquid waste and Zarrouk's medium at 50% concentration. In conclusion, the growth of S. platensis was most optimal in the mixture of cheese liquid waste and Zarrouk's medium at a 50% concentration.
Perbandingan Morfometrik Sistem Pencernaan Ikan Lele (Clarias batrachus), Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus), dan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) Malini, Desak Made; Putri, Deviana Aulia; Setiawati, Tia
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i1.9811.2024

Abstract

Fish have a diversity of habitats and the types of food they consume, resulting in differences between species, especially in the morphology and morphometrics of their internal organs. One part of the fish that has significant differences is the digestive system. These differences allow fish to optimize their digestion to suit environmental conditions and the type of food they consume, thus ensuring better survival and reproduction. The aim of the study was to compare morphometrics in the digestive system organs of catfish (Clarias batrachus), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.). The research stages included sampling, anatomical preparation of fish, measurement of weight and length of digestive organs, measurement of Gastro Somatic Index (GaSI), measurement of Intestine Somatic Index (ISI), measurement of Gut Lengths (RGL), measurement of Relative Intestine Lengths (RIL), and measurement of Hepatosomatic Index (HSI). Analysis used one-way variance (oneway Anova) utilizing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 software and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that GaSI, RGL, RIL, and HSI values of the three fish species were significantly different, while ISI values were not significantly different.  It was concluded that there were morphometric differences in the digestive system organs of tilapia, mackerel, and catfish.
Analisis Kemampuan Produksi Auksin dari Bakteri Endofit dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dalam Akar Cabai Merah Keriting (Capsicum annum L.) Maulida, Nurdalila; Rahmawati, Arrum; Dewi, Tirta Kumala; Simarmata, Rumella; Widowati, Tiwit; Kartika, Titik; Guswenrivo, Ikhsan; Nugroho, Deddy Triyono; Supriatna, Ateng
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i1.9817.2024

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria found in the roots, stems, and leaves of plants have potential as biocontrol agents and drivers of plant development, besides that in plant roots there are also plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with the same ability. The consortium of the two bacteria will produce Indole 3 acetic acid (IAA) compounds which are then converted into auxins that are beneficial to plants. The research aims to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria and PGPR from the roots of curly red chili plants in producing auxin hormones. The research work procedure includes rejuvenation of bacterial isolates, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, measuring auxin levels using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). The results showed that the consortium of 6 bacteria (3 endophytes and 3 PGPR) produced an auxin concentration of 46.122 ppm, a consortium of endophytic bacteria of 24.201 ppm, a consortium of PGPR bacteria of 162.723 ppm, and finally single endophytic bacteria and single PGPR bacteria produced auxin of A 158.913 ppm; B 64.882 ppm; C 93.923 ppm; CB1 240.817 ppm; CB2 186.807 ppm; and CMBC 11.689 ppm, while for the control 0 ppm. In conclusion, the highest auxin concentration was obtained from the single result of PGPR bacteria CB1 240.817 ppm.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Muda Sungkai (Peronema Canescens Jack) Terhadap Jumlah dan Morfologi Normal Spermatozoa Mencit Jantan (Mus Musculus) Ananda, Mira; Rusmiati, Rusmiati
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 1 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i1.9823.2024

Abstract

Peronema canescens Jack is considered by the Dayak Bakumpai Tribe, Central Kalimantan as an enhancer of male fertility. The plant contains bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenols. These compounds have the potential to increase the hormone testosterone which plays a role in increasing the number of spermatozoa. This study aims to study and analyze the effect of Peronema canescens Jack young leaf extract. Against the increase in the number and normal morphology of spermatozoa in male mice. The study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) experimental design with 24 male mice, which was divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates. The K1 group (control) was given Na-CMC 0.5%, while the K2, K3, and K4 groups were given Peronema canescens Jack young leaf extract. with a dose of 87.5 mg/kg BB, 175 mg/kg BB, 350 mg/kg BB, respectively. The extract is administered orally as much as 0.5 mL per day for 35 consecutive days. The observed parameters were the normal number and morphology of spermatozoa. Results Statistical analysis using Anova and DMRT tests showed that the administration of ethanol extract of young leaves Peronema canescens Jack. increased the normal morphological number of male mouse spermatozoa.
Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton dan Tingkat Pencemaran di Danau Dendam Tak Sudah, Kota Bengkulu Putri, Inten Diana
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i2.10241.2025

Abstract

Dendam Tak Sudah Lake (DDTS) is an aquatic ecosystem and nature reserve located in Dusun Besar Village, Singgaran Pati District, Bengkulu City. Its presence serves not only as a tourist destination and irrigation water supply for rice fields but also as a habitat for phytoplankton. The land use changes around the DDTS Nature Reserve have impacted the water quality of the lake, and phytoplankton are among the biota affected by these pressures. This study aims to assess the phytoplankton community structure and the pollution level in DDTS. The research was conducted by identifying and counting each phytoplankton species found and analyzing water quality. The results of the study showed that the phytoplankton richness in DDTS consisted of 20 species, including 8 species from the Bacillariophyceae class, 6 species from the Chlorophyceae class, 2 species from the Cyanophyceae class, and 4 species from the Euglenophyceae class. The highest phytoplankton abundance was found at the inlet with 1,135.2 individuals/l, followed by the midlet with 1,095.6 individuals/l, and the outlet with 997.2 individuals/l. The diversity index values were high (2.6-2.8), the evenness index was high (0.95-0.96), and dominance was low (0.07-0.08). The saprobic coefficient in DDTS was classified as β-Meso/Oligosaprobic, indicating that the water quality is lightly polluted, with a saprobic index value ranging from 0.6 to 0.87.
Perilaku Harian Buaya Muara (Crocodylus porosus) sebagai Indikator dan Parameter Penentu Pelepasliaran di Alam Bebas Karubun, Jemy Piter
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i2.9658.2025

Abstract

Estuaria crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) are wild animals protected under Law No.32 of 2024 to ensure the maintenance of their population, even though their conservation status is categorized as Least Concern (LC), indicating a low risk of extinction. This study aims to observe the daily behavior of estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) at the Tegal Alur Animal Rescue Center, under the Natural Resources Conservation Agency of Jakarta. The data obtained are expected to serve as a reference for assessing the readiness and suitability of estuarine crocodiles to be released into their natural habitat. The study employed the focal animal sampling method, observaing daily behavioral parameters such as movement, feeding habits, social interactions, and basking behavior. The research sample consisted of two estuarine crocodiles: one adult female and one adult male. The data were analyzed to determine the percentage of daily behaviors and their relationship to environmental factors, particularly cage conditions. The results showed that daily behaviour of estuarine crocodiles at the Tegal Alur Animal Rescue Center generally reflects the typical lifestyle patterns of crocodiles in the wild. However, their movement is less unrestricted compared to crocodiles in their natural habits. Observed activities including moving, walking, or crawling between dry and wet areas; feeding behaviors such as catching, biting, positioning, and swallowing food; social behaviors like vocalizations and aggressive interactions when disturbed by other crocodiles; and basking behaviors, such as opening their mouths and quickly moving their front and hind legs and tail. In conclusion, the overall life activities of the estuarine crocodiles at the Tegal Alur Animal Rescue Center suggest that they retain natural behaviors, making them suitable for release back into their natural habitats.
Struktur Komunitas Spesies Katak dan Kodok Anggota Ordo Anura di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Jawa Timur Ludhfiyah, Anggun; Bahri, Saiful; Firdausi, Nirmala
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i2.10655.2025

Abstract

The Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) area has a very large area (50,276 ha) covering 4 districts in East Java Province, so it is still necessary to conduct research on frog and toad species that are members of the Anura order in order to contribute to adding and completing databases that have been previously documented. The study aims to measure the diversity, uniformity, and dominance of frog and toad species belonging to the Anura order in several areas that are still included in the BTSNP area, namely Senduro Resort, Ireng-ireng Block, and Ranu Darungan. Observations were made using direct observation methods using Visual Encounter Survey (VES) combined with roaming techniques on transect lines. The results showed that 11 species of frogs and toads of the Anura order were found in the 3 research zones. The species diversity index value in Senduro Resort is in the low category (0.598), while in Ireng-ireng and Ranu Darungan Blocks it is in the medium category (1.183 and 1.006). The species evenness index in the 3 research zones showed moderate values (0.863; 0.85; 0.517), the dominance value obtained was in the low category (0.142; 0.027; 0.010). It was concluded that although the diversity index of frog and toad species was moderate in the 2 research zones, as well as the acquisition of species richness values of 11 species of 138 individual frogs and toads, the overall data of this information has meaning in supporting the management and conservation of frog and toad species members of the order Anura in BTSNP.
Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba dari Ekstrak Metanol Teripang Asal Perairan Lampung Untari, Febriana; Rasyid, Abdullah; Murniasih, Tutik; Wibowo, Joko Tri
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i2.11162.2025

Abstract

Sea cucumbers possess various biological activities, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, hemolytic, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory properties. These activities are attributed to the presence of primary and secondary metabolites in sea cucumbers, such as peptides, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, saponins, steroids, carotenoids, collagen, gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, and amino acids. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts from several sea cucumber species collected from Lampung waters. The agar disk diffusion method was used in the study. The results of methanol extracts from five sea cucumber species tested againts five microbial species showed varying outcomes. The highest yield of sea cucumber methanol extract was found in Bohadschia marmorata (3.88%), while the lowest was Metriatyla lessoni (2.68%). In the antibacterial potential test, no antibacterial activity was observed against the four tested bacteria. However, the fungus Candida albicans exhibited an inhibition zone. Four sea cucumber species demonstrated antifungal potential against C. albicans, with the following inhibition zone diameters: B. Marmorata (13.35 ± 2.76 mm), Holothuria lessoni (12.9 ± 0.71 mm), Stichopus quadrifasciatus (10.4 ± 0 mm), and Holothuria leucospilota (8.25 ± 0.07 mm).
Komparasi Kualitas Semen Segar dan Beku pada Sapi Pejantan Limousin di Teaching Farm Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga Achmad, Agil Ramadhan
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Februari
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v3i2.11163.2025

Abstract

One way to reduce the value of beef imports nationally is to conduct a program to increase the number of beef cattle breeders at the smallholder scale by increasing the efficiency of cattle reproduction through artificial insemination technology. The purpose of the study was to determine the difference in the quality of fresh semen and frozen semen of Limousin bulls. The research method used exploratory laboratory. The results of macroscopic observations showed that the value of fresh semen volume was 4.4-7.2 ml., the results of color observations on fresh and frozen semen were all milky white. The consistency of fresh semen is thick while frozen semen is liquid. Measurement of pH in fresh and frozen semen showed a result of 6.7, while the results of fresh semen motility measurements obtained a value of 77% and in frozen semen showed a result of 41.5%. Abnormality of fresh semen showed a value of 1.30% while in frozen semen the result was 0.00%. The results of the examination of spermatozoa concentration in fresh semen were 1,426(106)/ml, while in frozen semen it was 26.6(106)/ml. The results of microscopic evaluation showed that there were five variables that were significantly different (p<0.05), namely volume, viscosity, motility, abnormality, and concentration, and there were two variables that showed no significant difference (p>0.05), namely color and pH. It was concluded that there are significant differences in the five variables measured but these differences are still within reasonable threshold limits according to the quality standards published by the National Standardization Agency in 2021.
Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton di Danau Kuranding, Kecamatan Air Nipis, Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan, Provinsi Bengkulu Roresti, Rosinta
MANILKARA: Journal of Bioscience Vol 4 No 1 (2025): August
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/manilkara.v4i1.12802.2025

Abstract

Pengalihfungsian Danau Kuranding di Kecamatan Air Nipis, Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan dari awalnya sebagai habitat biota air tawar berganti menjadi tempat destinasi wisata, memicu adanya kekhawatiran atas dampak negatif terhadap biota yang hidup di danau tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian tentang kekayaan fitoplankton dan kondisi fisik-kimiawi di lingkungan danau ini belum pernah dilakukan, sehingga diharapkan data hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai source data. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas fitoplankton di Danau Kuranding, termasuk kekayaan spesies, kelimpahan, dan keanekaragaman fitoplankton, serta untuk menilai kondisi ekologis dan kesuburan perairan berdasarkan indikator biologis fitoplankton. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif yaitu dengan cara survei lapangan untuk pengambilan sampel air di tiga lokasi area danau (inlet, midlet, outlet), identifikasi spesies fitoplankton, dan analisis kualitas air danau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan fitoplankton di Danau Kuranding dari tertinggi hingga terendah sebagai berikut 15.180 individu/l (outlet), 5.939 individu/l (midlet), dan di inlet sebesar 2.580 individu/l. Tingkat keanekaragaman spesies termasuk kategori sedang hingga tinggi, sedangkan Indeks Kemerataan menunjukkan distribusi spesies yang cukup merata, Indeks Dominansi menunjukkan tidak adanya spesies tunggal yang sangat dominan secara mutlak. Data pengukuran parameter abioatik menunjukkan dukungan atas kondisi ekosistem yang relatif stabil. Disimpulkan bahwa struktur komunitas fitoplankton di Danau Kuranding berdasarkan Indeks Saprobik termasuk dalam kelas mesosaprobik, dengan parameter ekologis yang masih mendukung kehidupan planktonik namun harus diawasi secara berkala untuk mencegah terjadinya eutrofikasi.

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