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Metalurgi

metalurgi
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Published by BRIN Publishing

ISSN : 01263188 EISSN : 24433926 DOI : 10.55981/metalurgi

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

The objective of this journal is the online media for disseminating results in Research and Development and also as a media for a scientist and researcher in the field of Metallurgy and Materials. The scope if this journal related on: Advanced materials and Nanotechnology Materials and Mineral characterization and Analysis Metallurgy process: extractive Ceramic and composite Corrosion and its technological protection Mineral resources manifestation Modelling and simulation in materials and metallurgy Engineering Metallurgy instrument

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Material (semua kategori) - Ilmu Material (Lain-Lain)

Articles 287 Documents

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The Effect of Variations in Electrolyte Temperature and Current Strength on the Synthesis of Manganese Dioxide from Manganese Sulfate Precursors by Electrolysis Method Rizta Febian Adi Endani
Metalurgi Vol 36, No 2 (2021): Metalurgi Vol. 36 No. 2 Agustus 2021
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

The development of science and technology today in the field of electronics, especially energy storage increases the demand for the use of lithium secondary batteries. The development of lithium batteries is focused on energy storage capacity by using manganese dioxide (MnO2) as a lithium battery cathode material. Manganese dioxide was chosen as the cathode material for lithium batteries because it has a high storage capacity of about 615 mAh/g compared to other materials such as graphite which has a storage capacity of 372 mAh/g and has a low toxicity of 0.14 mg/kg. MnO2 was synthesized by electrolysis method from manganese sulfate (MnSO4) precursor which was obtained from Trenggalek manganese ore leaching process. The electrolysis process was carried out for 5 hours using variations in electrolyte temperature of 30, 40, 50 and 60oC as well as variations in current strength of 2, 3, 4 and 5 A to determine the effect of electrolyte temperature and current strength on mass gain, structural polymorphy and morphology of MnO2 formed. The highest mass gain was obtained at the use of an electrolyte temperature of 60oC and a current of 5 A, which was 11.4 grams with the polymorphy structure of the MnO2 compound formed was α-MnO2 polymorphy. SEM image shows that the MnO2 particles have a spiny round shape and tend to agglomerate with particle diameter values ranging from 50 nm - 170 nm. Keywords: Electrolysis, MnO2, MnSO4, Electrolyte temperature, Current strength

OPTIMASI PROSES REDUKSI BIJIH NIKEL LATERIT JENIS LIMONIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU NPI (NICKEL PIG IRON) Agus Budi Prasetyo; F firdiyono; Eni Febriana
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 No.1 April 2014
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

KARAKTERISTIK LAPISAN HOT DIP ALUMINIZING PADA BAJA TAHAN KARAT MARTENSITIK 13Cr Moch. Syaiful Anwar; Mikhael Kevin; Alfirano Alfirano; Efendi Mabruri
Metalurgi Vol 34, No 3 (2019): Metalurgi Vol. 34 No. 3 Desember 2019
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Pada material aplikasi suhu tinggi, pelapisan permukaan merupakan hal penting dalam memberikan ketahanan oksidasi dan korosi temperatur tinggi, ketahanan erosi dan abrasi.Hot dip Aluminizing merupakan metode alternatif pelapisan yang dapat digunakan, karena lebih murah daripada PVD dan paduan Co. Perlakuan permukaan, komposisi lelehan Al dan Al – Si, dan parameter proses seperti temperatur dan waktu pencelupan berpengaruh terhadap komposisi intermetalik dan struktur mikronya. Baja dilapisi lelehan Al murni, Al – 5% Si, Al - 11% Si, dan Al – 15% Si pada temperature dan waktu celup yang brvariasi. Si memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan morfologi antara substrat dengan interface intermetalik dan mencegah kemungkinan terjadinya stress konsentrasi akibat morfologi finger-like. Pada waktu pencelupan yang sama sebesar 3 menit dari 4 variasi komposisi coating yang berbeda, ketebalan lapisan coating terbesar adalah sampel Al – 15% Si dengan temperature 800oC, sedangkan ketebalan lapisan intermetalik terbesar adalah sampel Al murni dengan temperatur 861oC dengan nilai ketebalan masing-masing sebesar 480µm dan 46,8 µm.

Pengaruh Aditif Dalam Larutan Watts Buffer Sitrat Terhadap Karakteristik Deposit Nikel Pada Proses Pelapisan Baja Karbon Rendah [The Influence of Additive on Watts Buffer Sitrate Solution to The Nickel Deposition Characteristic on Low Carbon Steel Plating Process] Bambang Widyanto; Dewi Idamayanti
Metalurgi Vol 31, No 3 (2016): Metalurgi Vol. 31 No. 3 Desember 2016
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Research on the substitution of boric acid with citric acid in Watts electrolyte for nickel electroplating on low carbon steel has been conducted. Nickel was deposited on low carbon steel by electroplating method at 50 °C, pH 4, and the current density 0,17A / cm2 for 5 minutes. The additives that used to produce a bright nickel deposit are sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant, saccharin and 2-butyne-1,4- diol as a brightener. The results showed Watts citrate buffer solution can increase the hardness of nickel deposits up to 431 ± 9 VHN, deposits tend to be more brittle and generate porosity. Lauryl sulfate 0.08 g / L can effectively eliminate porosity, slightly increase the hardness of the deposit be 482 ± 4 VHN and tend to be more resilient. Synergies saccharin and 2-butyne-1,4-diol (1.5 to 0.15 g/L) as the brightener produces bright surface and harden up to 587 ± 6 VHN. Adhesion to deposit nickel on low carbon steel is relative strong which has been proved by performing bend test. The use of brightener can play a role as well as grain refinement in the coating process. It is shown by the results of morphological observation surface of nickel deposit that deposit grains with brightener is finer than without brightener. The thickness of deposit can not fully be homogeneous which the middle area is thicker 6.8 to 11 μm than the edge 12-33 μm.AbstrakPenelitian mengenai substitusi asam borat dalam larutan Watts untuk elektroplating nikel telah dilakukan dengan mempergunakan asam sitrat. Nikel didepositkan dengan metode elektroplating pada suhu 50oC, pH 4, dan rapat arus 0,17A/cm2 selama 5 menit. Buffer sitrat dalam larutan Watts meningkatkan kekerasan deposit nikel sampai 431±9 VHN, deposit cenderung lebih getas dan menghasilkan porositas sebagai akibat adsorpsi hidrogen. Aditif yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan deposit bright nickel adalah natrium lauril sulfat sebagai surfaktan, saccharin dan 2-butyne-1,4-diol sebagai brightener. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan natrium lauril sulfat 0,08 g/L efektif dapat menghilangkan porositas, sedikit meningkatkan kekerasan deposit menjadi 482±4 VHN dan cenderung menjadi lebih ulet. Sinergi saccharin dan 2-butyne-1,4-diol (1,5 : 0,15 g/L)sebagai brightener menghasilkan permukaan yang bright dan meningkatkan kekerasannya lagi sampai 587±6 VHN. Daya rekat deposit nikel pada baja karbon rendah relatif kuat yang telah dibuktikan dengan melakukan bend test. Penggunaan brightener dapat berperan juga sebagai grain refinement pada proses pelapisan ini yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil pengamatan morfologi permukaan deposit, dimana butir yang diamati lebih halus bila dibandingkan dengan hasil pelapisan tanpa brightener. Ketebalan deposit yang dihasilkan belum dapat sepenuhnya berada dalam kondisi yang homogen, dimana tebal pada bagian tengah adalah 6,8 – 11 μm dan pada bagian tepi adalah 12 – 33 μm.

Pengambilan Lantanum dan Nikel dari Katalis Bekas Menggunakan Asam Sitrat: Peninjauan Performa secara Kuantitatif Menggunakan Response Surface Method (Lantanum and Nickel Recovery from Spent Catalyst Using Citric Acid : Quantitative Performance......) Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus; Ardyanto Wijaya; Yusuf Iskandar; Danu Bratakusuma; Hendrik Setiawan; Wiratni Wiratni; Widi Astuti
Metalurgi Vol 33, No 2 (2018): Metalurgi Vol. 33 No. 2 Agustus 2018
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Heavy metals and Rare earth elements (REEs) are nowadays being used widely in many industries from electronics to petroleum industries as catalysts. However, their disposal caused serious problems to the environment. With the sharp growth in its usage, there is a better way to use and utilize valuable metals from secondary sources such as their disposal rather than using new raw materials. The aim of this work is to study the potential of citric acid as a leaching agent to extract lanthanum and nickel in various acid concentration and leaching temperature. The raw material used in this work is spent catalyst from Pertamina Refinery Unit VI, Balongan, Indonesia. The spent catalyst is decarbonized with a heat treatment at 725°C for 10 minutes before the leaching process. The leaching process used 0.1; 1; and 2 M of citric acid with a varied temperature of 30, 60, and 80°C. The lanthanum recovery was calculated by comparing the mass percentage of lanthanum before leaching process and after leaching process using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The results were analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM) and are proved to be a reliable method to depict and analyze the leaching characteristics. The molarity of the citric acid is the most significant independent variables used in the research for lanthanum recovery response. However, based on the Pareto analysis result there are no significant variables that affect the recovery of nickel. The second order polynomial fitting model is also proved to be compatible with the response of lanthanum recovery but is less compatible with nickel recovery. AbstrakPengambilan logam tanah jarang dan logam berat dari sumber sekunder (katalis bekas, limbah padat industri, dan abu terbang) menjadi alternatif karena pertimbangan lingkungan dan ketersediaan bijih di alam yang semakin sedikit. Pertimbangan tersebut yang mendasari studi tentang pengambilan lantanum dan nikel dari katalis bekas dengan menggunakan asam asetat. Bahan untuk penelitian ini adalah katalis bekas dari Penyulingan Pertamina Unit VI, Balongan. Sebelum pelindian dilakukan, katalis bekas didekarbonasi dengan perlakuan panas pada 725 °C selama 10 menit. Proses pelindian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan suhu dan konsentrasi asam asetat. Hasil eksperimen ditinjau menggunakanRSM (response surface methodology) dan terbukti sebagai metode yang dapat diandalkan untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis karakter proses pelindian. Molaritas asam merupakan variabel independen yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi respon dalam pengambilan lantanum. Walaupun begitu, berdasarkan hasil analisis Pareto, tidak ada variabel yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi pengambilan nikel. Model fitting polinomial orde dua juga terbukti cocok dengan respon proses pengambilan lantanum daripada nikel. Hasil RSM menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum dari ekstraksilantanum dan nikel adalah pada pH 2 dan suhu 45 оC dimana lantanum dapat 100% terambil dan nikel sebanyak 60%.

PERCOBAAN PENGERASAN PERMUKAAN KOMPONEN GERUS ATTRITION MILL Yusuf M
Metalurgi Vol 26, No 2 (2011): Metalurgi Vol.26 No.2 Agustus 2011
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Untuk dapat menggerus material yang cukup keras, komponen gerus attrition mill perlu memiliki kekerasan yang cukup tinggi. Hal itu dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan bahan berkekerasan tinggi atau bahan (baja) biasa yang permukaannya diperkeras. Salah satunya adalah dengan pemberian lapis khrom. Ada dua pilihan yang ditawarkan untuk pemberian lapis khrom ini, yaitu dengan cara lapis listrik atau pelapisan difusi. Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kedua cara memberi kekerasan permukaan yang jauh lebih tinggi dibanding logam dasarnya. Hasil lapis listrik memberi kekerasan antara 737 hingga 852 BHN, sementara pengerasan difusi dapat mengeraskan permukaan baja hingga 1100 BHN. Daya lekat hasil lapis difusi juga sangat baik karena terjadi gradasi fasa dan kekerasan antara lapisan putih (khrom), lapisan difusi hingga ke logam dasar, sedangkan pada hasil lapis listrik terjadi perubahan menyolok antara lapis khrom dengan logam dasarnya. Secara teknis metode lapis difusi lebih dianjurkan untuk pengerasan komponen gerus attrition mill.AbstractIn order to be able to grind a relatively hard material, the working component of an attrition mill should have a good strength and hardness. To obtain such a component, it can be done by using a special high quality steel or by using an ordinary carbon steel with surface hardening. One of the hardening method is the surface chromizing. There are two methods of surface chromizing, namely the electroplating method and the diffusion (pack cementation or case hardening) method. Both methods can produce better surface hardness compare to its base metals. The product of electroplated hard chrome can improve its surface hardness to 737 to 852 VHN, while the product of diffusion hardening can reach more than 1100 VHN. The adhesion of diffusion surface also better than the product of electroplated hard chrome because of the existence of diffusion layer between the chrome layer and the base metal. On the other hand, the electroplating product give a drastic different layer between the chrome layer and the base metal. From the technical point of view the diffusion method is more recommended for the surface hardening of the attrition mill working components

PENGARUH WAKTU REDUKSI DAN KOMPOSISI PELET TERHADAP PERSEN Fe METAL DAN PERSEN Ni FeNi SPONS DARI BIJIH NIKEL LIMONIT MENGGUNAKAN SIMULATOR ROTARY KILN [The Influence Of Reduction Time And Pellet Composition On Fe And Ni Metal Percentage Of Feni Sponge From Limonite Ore Reduced By Using Rotary Kiln Simulator] Yopy Henpristian; Iwan Dwi Antoro; Soesaptri Oediyani
Metalurgi Vol 29, No 3 (2014): Metalurgi Vol.29 NO.3 Desember 2014
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

THE PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS OF TREATED-FERRONICKEL SLAG PRODUCED BY ALKALI FUSION AND CARBOTHERMIC PROCESS Reza Miftahul Ulum
Metalurgi Vol 36, No 1 (2021): Metalurgi Vol. 36 No. 1 April 2021
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

The utilization of slag as a secondary resource is usually processed by a reduction process with coal reducing agents or by leaching process. However, this study will use palm kernel shell as an alternative reducing agent to substitute coal. Palm kernel shell was chosen as an alternative reducing agent because of their availability in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of palm kernel shell as reducing agent and its concentration (wt.%) to the ferronickel slag reduction process. The initial sample is ferronickel slag which had been proceed by alkali fusion by adding 20 wt.% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as an additive and then roasted. The roasted product is then mixed with palm kernel shell reductant by ratio (sample : reductant), which are 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 in weight percent. Samples that have been mixed are then compacted using compacting machine. Then the reduction process is carried out using a tube furnace at a temperature of 1100°C for 60 minutes with a heating rate of 10°C/minute. The palm kernel shells were analyzed using ultimate and proximate analysis, while the reduced product is then characterized by SEM-EDS and XRD for further analysis. Based on the results of the characterization, in this study it was found that the reduction process using palm kernel shell produces products in the form of iron metal, magnetite, hematite, and sodium silicate. The optimum reducing agent concentration in this study is by adding 15 wt.% reductant.

ANALISA KEGAGALAN POROS RODA BELAKANG KENDARAAN[Failure Analysis of The Vehicle Rear Axle Shaft] M Syahril
Metalurgi Vol 28, No 2 (2013): Metalurgi Vol.28 No.2 Agustus 2013
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Analisa Ukuran Partikel Serbuk Komposit NiCrAl dengan Penambahan Reaktif Elemen untuk Aplikasi Lapisan Tahan Panas [Particle Size Analysis of NiCrAl Composite Powders with Reactive Elements Addition for Thermal Barrier Coating Applications] Resetiana Dwi Desiati; Eni Sugiarti; Safitry Ramandhany
Metalurgi Vol 33, No 1 (2018): Metalurgi Vol. 33 No. 1 April 2018
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

In this paper we discuss about the particle size of NiCrAl powder in addition to reactive elements, i.e. yttrium (Y), silicon (Si), hafnium (Hf), and zirconium (Zr) to produce compound powder of NiCrAlY, NiCrAlSi, NiCrAlYSi, NiCrAlHf, and NiCrAlZr produced by milling process using ball mill for 36 hours at rotating speed of 25 Hz or 1500 rpm and the ball to powder ratio (BPR) of 1:2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the powder sample to understand the morphology of the sample such as particle shape and size. Digital picture of SEM results was analyzed using free software ImageJ to understand the particle size and the results was compared by using characterization results of Particle Size Analizer (PSA). Analysis of NiCrAl powder on at 0 hour (before milling) has a value of 44.04 μm based on PSA data, while based on ImageJ processing data NiCrAl powder has an average value of 46.98 μm. On the contrary, the PSA data on the classification of NiCrAl powder after 36 hours of milling time has a particle size of 71.12 μm whereas ImageJ processing data has an average value of 67.93 μm. These analysis methods have also been applied to NiCrAlSi, NiCrAlYSi, NiCrAlHf, and NiCrAlZr powders. Therefore, analysis results reveal that the digital processing of SEM image using ImageJ has an accuracy value of abaut 80% compared with PSA data. It is caused by the shape of powder sample which was not homogenous and not well-distributed. In addition, the SEM results show that the particle size of compound powder of NiCrAl, NiCrAlY, NiCrAlSi, NiCrAlYSi, NiCrAlHf, and NiCrAlZr after 36 hours was larger than the initial condition or 0 hours of milling time due to agglomeration and cold welding during milling process. The addition of reactive elements with small compositions to NiCrAl has no impact on particle size. AbstrakDalam makalah ini dibahas mengenai ukuran sampel serbuk NiCrAl yang ditambahkan reaktif elemen yitrium (Y), silikon (Si), hafnium (Hf), dan zirconium (Zr) menjadi paduan NiCrAlY, NiCrAlSi, NiCrAlYSi, NiCrAlHf, NiCrAlZr dengan proses milling menggunakan ball mill selama 36 jam dengan kecepatan milling 25 Hz atau 1500 rpm dan perbandingan antara serbuk dengan ball mill adalah 1:2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi sampel serbuk yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui morfologi sampel seperti bentuk dan ukuran partikel. Gambar digital dari hasil karakterisasi SEM diolah menggunakan software ImageJ untuk mengetahui ukuran partikelnya dan hasilnya pengukurannya dibandingkan dengan data hasil karakterisasi menggunakan Particle Size Analizer (PSA). Berdasarkan hasil analisa dapat diketahui bahwa pengolahan gambar dijital SEM menggunakan ImageJ memiliki keakuratan kurang lebih sebesar 80%. Hal ini disebabkan dari bentuk sampel powder yang tidak homogen dan sebarannya yang tidak merata. Selain itu pula dapat diketahui juga bahwa sampel serbuk paduan NiCrAl, NiCrAlY, NiCrAlSi, NiCrAlYSi, NiCrAlHf, NiCrAlZr setelah pemilingan selama 36 jam mengalami perbesaran ukuran dari kondisi awal atau 0 jam yang disebabkan selama proses pemilingan mengalami aglomerasi dan coldwelding.

Page 18 of 29 | Total Record : 287

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