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Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 14112272     EISSN : 24076899     DOI : https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia. It invites original articles on various issues within humanities, which include but are not limited to philosophy, literature, archaeology, anthropology, linguistics, history, cultural studies, philology, arts, library and information science focusing on Indonesian studies and research. Wacana seeks to publish a balanced mix of high-quality theoretical or empirical research articles, case studies, review papers, comparative studies, exploratory papers, and book reviews. All accepted manuscripts will be published both online and in printed forms. The journal publishes two thematic issues per year, in April and October. The first thematic issue consists of two numbers.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 26, No. 3" : 13 Documents clear
Sanskrit educational texts in Kawi culture; The case of the "Kārakasaṁgraha" Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji; Rahayu, Yosephin Apriastuti
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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This article provides a revised critical edition and annotated translation of the Kārakasaṁgraha, a Sanskrit grammatical treatise as it has been preserved in Balinese manuscripts. The work is a synthesis of Indian grammatical traditions, notably including aspects of both Pāṇinian and Kātantra systems, which was probably recomposed in the premodern Indonesian archipelago. While its Sanskrit matrix is witness to local adaptation, the interspersed Old Javanese commentaries also show a striking reframing of grammatical discourse in ritual and cosmological idioms. Rather than merely clarifying rules of language, the glosses link grammatical analysis to devotional practice and calendrical systems, presaging a broader epistemological transformation. The study argues that the Kārakasaṁgraha was not just a pedagogical text but also a ritual-linguistic manual, blurring the lines between grammar, spirituality, and cosmology. This dual concern offers new insights into the vernacularization of Sanskrit in Southeast Asia and demonstrates the creative intellectual gestures of Old Javanese intellectuals in sacralizing linguistic knowledge.
Vernacularization and bilingualism among the Sundanese; A case study of Kawi culture Gunawan, Aditia
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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This article examines the linguistic landscape of pre-modern Sunda, drawing on documents from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. The study highlights the significant role of Old Javanese as a cosmopolitan-vernacular language among Sundanese intellectuals, shaping bilingual practices in the region. Employing the framework of language order, which posits that languages are hierarchically structured within a culture, this research seeks to address the question: what roles did Old Sundanese and Old Javanese play within the language order of Sundanese society? To answer this, the study first traces the circulation of Old Javanese texts in the Sundanese region, analysing their impact on local literary and religious traditions. It then explores explicit and implicit references to the Old Javanese language in Old Sundanese sources to assess its perceived status. Finally, the article investigates sociolinguistic interactions in fifteenth-century Sunda by analysing code-switching and translation strategies, revealing the depth of linguistic interaction between Old Sundanese and Old Javanese. The findings indicate that Old Javanese functioned as a key medium for intellectual and religious discourse in West Java from the eleventh to the sixteenth century. The vernacularization of Old Javanese texts into Old Sundanese works, such as Sasana Mahaguru, demonstrates conscious linguistic adaptation to local audiences. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, Sundanese bilingualism was not merely a consequence of Mataram’s political dominance but was deeply rooted in premodern linguistic and intellectual exchanges, where Kawi culture played a central role in transmitting supralocal knowledge to Sundanese scholars.
The Middle Javanese passive prefix "ing-" Kriswanto, Agung; Puspitorini, Dwi; Pudjiastuti, Titik
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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Evidence from literary texts originating from the Mount Merapi-Merbabu milieu in Central Java demonstrates the existence of a variant of the passive marker -in- affix, which has been in use since the early period of Old Javanese: the passive prefix ing-. The six literary texts that serve as the sources for this study indicate that the ing- prefix began to emerge during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, coinciding with the development of Middle Javanese. Previous researchers have not paid much attention to the ing- prefix, as it was considered merely incidental, especially since ing- was also found in texts from periods before the fifteenth century. Alongside the emergence of ing-, another form ring- appears, which serves the same grammatical function. This article focuses on two key issues: (i) ing- as a passive marker and (ii) passive construction patterns. The findings of this study reveal both similarities and differences in the grammatical characteristics of Javanese as used in texts from Merapi-Merbabu, compared to Old Javanese and Modern Javanese. The similarity between Middle Javanese and Old Javanese lies in passive constructions where the agent is expressed through suffixes for second- and third-person pronouns. Meanwhile, Middle Javanese and Modern Javanese share a similarity in passive constructions where the agent appears as a prefix for first- and second-person pronouns. The resemblance of Middle Javanese’s passive constructions to both Old Javanese and Modern Javanese within literary texts from the Merapi-Merbabu milieu suggests that this region preserves a transitional form of the language between Old Javanese and Modern Javanese.
Upkeeping a religious foundation from time to time; A case study of "Dharma i Salingsingan" (ninth–tenth century CE) Dewanti, Tyassanti Kusumo; Bastiawan, Eko; Permata, Kezia; Prihatmoko, Hedwi
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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The toponym Salingsingan is observed in several inscriptions spanning the period 791-836 Śaka (869-914 CE), through the reigns of King Lokapāla until King Daksa. Its occurrences are attributed to an area where a religious foundation was established. From these occurrences, we see several interesting topics to explore regarding the sīma institution, religious foundations (dharma), and the toponymy of early Central Java. Our aim is to demonstrate the management of the dharma of Salingsingan and to determine its present-day location by combining epigraphical records and archaeological remains. The research will first try to lay a foundation of what is meant by the terms sīma and dharma in a general context. Second, it looks at the relevant inscriptions to understand the context of Salingsingan’s occurrences. Third, it will examine how a religious foundation was managed through different patrons. Fourth, it will explore the possible locations of the Salingsingan foundation from the archaeological remains and the provenance of inscriptions. The study reveals different actors and their actions in the foundation at Salingsingan during the ninth and tenth centuries. The study of inscriptions’ provenances and the architectural styles of temples sheds light to the possible location of this foundation: the complex of Candi Asu, Lumbung, and Pendem in kabupaten Magelang. This multidisciplinary methodology of epigraphical and archaeological analysis helps us to ultimately understand the history of the foundation.
Archery and target-shooting in pre-Islamic Java; What can be known? Jákl, JiŘí
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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In Java today, archery survives as a traditional discipline called jemparingan. Javanese archery involves targeting a pendulum-like target from a shooting distance of 35 to 50 metres. The archers take aim from a cross-legged seated posture (bersila) and typically wear traditional Javanese attire during competitions. Though archery has been practiced in Java for long time, there has been surprisingly little effort to study its rich history. This study aims to historicize the jemparingan by looking at the Old Javanese archery terminology and the origin of competitive (“contest”) archery in Indonesia. The evidence from pre-Islamic Java, textual, visual, and archaeological, demonstrates that Javanese jemparingan is rooted in a much older tradition of precision shooting (target shooting), which can be traced to pre-Islamic times. I propose that shooting at targets in the form of a wooden or metal split-drum (kukulan) was known in Java as a form of military training by Majapahit times in the fourteenth century CE. The origin of this practice is probably rooted in the introduction of more powerful and hence more precise bows, via the Mongol and Chinese influences during the invasion of Java in 1292 CE or shortly after this historical event.
Discourses on pregnancy in Old Javanese Śaiva texts from the perspective of Kawi culture Eka Guna Yasa, Putu; Arya Lawa Manuaba, Ida Bagus; Cahyadi Surya Distira Putra, I Wayan
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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This article examines the discourse on pregnancy in the context of Kawi culture. The sources of data discussed here include texts of Śaiva persuasion across various genres and geographical areas, such as the Old Javanese Bhīṣmaprava from the Merapi-Merbabu region, the Old Javanese Bhīma Svarga from West Java, and a number of Old Javanese and Balinese texts from Bali, namely Tutur Aṅgastya Prāṇa, Śivāgama, Tutur Kanda Pat Bhūta, Dharma Kahuripan, and Uṣadha Mānak. According to their genres, these texts highlight either the theological, narrative, or practical (namely, from the perspective of healing) aspects of pregnancy. An intriguing feature is the presence of teachings other than Śaivism in the discourse on pregnancy. For instance, in the Śivāgama, which refers to Buddhist figures during the descent of gods in pregnancy, including their observances (brata), and hand gestures (mudrā). Meanwhile, the Tutur Aṅgastya Prāṇa explains that Bhagavān Aṅgastya had thoroughly studied Buddhism before explaining the origins of foetal development in the womb. Furthermore, the Uṣadha Mānak text repeatedly mentions Allah and Mohammad, who are crucial figures in Islamic theology, to treat people who often miscarry. This shows that the discourse of pregnancy eclectically adopts practices and idea stemming from different religious systems to ensure the safety and health of the foetus.
In memoriam, Anthony Reid (1939-2025) Fadeli, Teuku Reza
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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In memoriam, Hadi Sidomulyo (1951-2025) Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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The earliest documents in Old Javanese Griffiths, Arlo; Nastiti, Titi Surti; Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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This short contribution presents two recently discovered inscriptions from Central Java that are among the oldest documents in the Old Javanese language, namely a dated stone from Kesongo (685 Śaka/743 CE) and the Disunuh inscription (709 Śaka/787 CE). These two artefacts constitute new evidence that Old Javanese had become a written language in this part of Java already in the eighth century CE. Previously, the period of use of Old Javanese in epigraphy was reckoned to have begun in the ninth century, and in East Java, based on the Harinjing A inscription from Kediri, assumed to date to 726 Śaka/804 CE. The new discoveries require a revision of the chronology of the emergence of vernacular epigraphy on the island of Java.
Kawi culture Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah; Gunawan, Aditia
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
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