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International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Published by Riset Press International
ISSN : 29880076     EISSN : 2987226X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.59653/ijmars
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Immunology & microbiology Social Sciences
The mission of the International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science (IJMARS) is to promote excellence by providing a venue for academics, students, and practitioners to publish current and significant empirical and conceptual research or builds theory. The journal is a double-blind, peer reviewed, open access journal. IJMARS publish articles in different fields of Applied sciences, Physical science, and Social sciences, the articles include but not limited to the following: Biological Sciences Chemistry Clinical Sciences Biotechnology Computational Science Developmental Biology Systems Biology Engineering Fisheries and Aquaculture Environmental Sciences Physics Statistics Agricultural Sciences Mathematics Animal Science Food Science Public Health Veterinary Sciences Nutrition Social Sciences Information Technology Microbiology Behavioral Sciences Computer Science Geology Physiology Immunology Biochemistry Cancer Biology Biodiversity Molecular Biology Space Research Genetics
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 260 Documents
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Effect of Tax Rates on the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kisumu County, Kenya Madara, George Otieno; Ghabon, Yasin Kuso
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1875

Abstract

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are critical to Kenya’s economy, driving employment and GDP growth. In Kisumu County, high tax rates, including turnover tax (3%), corporate income tax (30%), and value-added tax (VAT, 16%), pose significant barriers to SME growth. This study investigates the effect of tax rates on SME growth, focusing on profitability, customer base expansion, and operational scalability. Guided by the Economic Deterrence Theory, Ability-to-Pay Principle, and Resource-Based View, a correlational research design was employed, targeting 1,200 registered SMEs in Kisumu County. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 291 SMEs was selected, with data collected from 262 respondents (90% response rate) via structured questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale. Validity was ensured through content and construct alignment, with reliability confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83. Descriptive statistics (means, frequencies, standard deviations) and inferential statistics (correlation, regression) were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Findings revealed a strong negative correlation (r = -0.645, p < 0.001) between tax rates and SME growth, with regression results indicating a significant negative effect (β = -0.435, p < 0.001). High tax rates increased operational costs (mean = 4.02, SD = 0.95), reduced profitability (mean = 3.98, SD = 0.97), and limited reinvestment (mean = 3.92, SD = 1.01). Challenges such as compliance costs and policy uncertainty were noted. The study concludes that high tax rates significantly hinder SME growth by constraining financial resources. Recommendations include revising tax rates, simplifying compliance, enhancing tax education, and introducing incentives to foster SME growth.
Time in T.S. Eliot’s “Four Quartets: Burnt Norton” Tamrakar, Milina
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1887

Abstract

The significance of time in Eliot’s “Four Quartets: Burnt Norton” is examined in this paper. Particular attention should be paid to “Burnt Norton,” the opening section of Eliots “Four Quartets”. This study examines Eliot’s treatment of temporality as a structural and thematic principle in contrast to previous scholarship that approached the Quartets through themes of music, dance, liturgy love, and salvation. I contend that Eliot views time as cyclical rather than linear with the past present and future constantly interacting to produce transcendental moments. Through recollection imagination and symbolic imagery like the rose garden echoes children’s laughter and the still point time is revealed in Burnt Norton as irredeemable yet essential. Speculative abstraction imaginative reconstruction ecstatic moments of stillness recognition of emptiness and reconciliation through words music and silence are the five movements that explore the interplay between temporality and timelessness in this poem. Through his engagement with Heraclitus, Heidegger Bergson, and Neoplatonic ideas Eliot positions time as a constraint as well as a window into eternity. Burnt Norton, the study concludes, enacts a paradoxical synthesis: temporal existence is unavoidable but the possibility of timeless order and meaning only arises through the memory of fleeting moments.
Sonny’s Blues: Art, Suffering, Racism, and Redemption through Music in James Baldwin’s Harlem Adhikari, Bhoj Raj
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1888

Abstract

This paper critically analyzes James Baldwin’s short story Sonny’s Blues as a socio-cultural narrative of suffering, racial segregation, and the redemptive power of music. Set in Harlem, the story explores how African American identity, familial relationships, and artistic expression intersect in the lives of two brothers. Through the lens of blues and bebop jazz, the research interrogates how Baldwin constructs a symbolic framework of trauma, communication, and salvation. The study highlights the story's religious imagery, racial critique, and musical metaphors to understand Baldwin’s broader commentary on black suffering and resistance.
Change Leadership in Higher Education: Exploring of Theories and Practices Onia, Saifaldin Idris
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1898

Abstract

Change leadership in higher education institutions is very interesting and has been the topic of the scholars worldwide. This paper aimed to shed light on the concept of change leadership, related models and theories of change leadership practices in higher education. This paper is purely a qualitative research where selected papers are reviewed. The selected papers to be reviewed are gathered through extensive literature review from academic papers representing an output of previous studies conducted by various researches concerning change leadership practices in higher education institutions. These studies have been published in relevant websites over the Internet, which include scientific publications, periodicals, studies, scientific research. The paper concludes that higher education institutions need change leaders who have the confidence to adjust an organization's focus. There are several models and theories of change leadership. In this paper three models were reviewed; the Lewin’s model of change, Dunphy and Stace’s model, and Kotter’s model. Lewin theorized a three stage model of change as unfreezing, change, and refreeze. Dunphy and Stace incorporate participatory evolution forced evolution, charismatic transformation, and dictatorial transformation. Kotter’s model proposed eight steps in the change process. The eight steps classified into three phases: create a climate for change, engage and enable the whole organization, and implementing and sustaining Change. Hence, higher education institutions need change leaders who have the confidence to adjust an organization's focus, and who have the leadership skills to make sweeping changes in an organization by moving people or groups in a general direction.
Role of Sociolinguistics in Shaping Students’ Language Use in Multilingual Classrooms Mantra, Ida Bagus Nyoman; Maba, Wayan; Widiastuti, Ida Ayu Made Sri
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1901

Abstract

With an emphasis on how social and cultural elements impact communication, identity, and interaction, this study investigates how sociolinguistics shapes students' language use in multilingual classrooms. Students frequently switch between local, national, and international languages like English in multilingual educational settings, leading to intricate linguistic patterns. Using a qualitative design, the study examined how sociolinguistic dynamics emerge through teacher and student interviews and classroom observations in regular learning interactions. The results show that various factors, including peer pressure, instructors' language preferences, and the sociocultural status of particular languages, influence how students use language. Interviews revealed, for example, that students frequently transition between Indonesian, English, and their native tongues based on the situation and the person speaking to them. Teachers also purposefully employed sociolinguistic techniques like translanguaging to establish connections and guarantee understanding. In addition to facilitating communication, these activities helped students develop their social identities. The findings highlight how crucial sociolinguistic understanding is to creating welcoming classrooms that celebrate linguistic variety. According to findings, incorporating sociolinguistic perspectives into teaching methods can improve language acquisition, advance linguistic equity, and fortify students' multilingual proficiency.
Learning from Regional Successes: Strengthening Afghanistan's Pharmaceutical Supply Chain through the Experiences of Pakistan, Iran, and India Saleh, Mohammad Yusuf; Azimi, Hamdullah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1907

Abstract

This research examines the challenges confronting Afghanistan's pharmaceutical supply chain management (PSCM) in the aftermath of prolonged conflict, with an emphasis on enhancing access to essential medicines. The Afghan pharmaceutical sector is characterized by systemic inefficiencies, regulatory shortcomings, inadequate infrastructure, and disruptions stemming from years of instability. Drawing insights from the experiences of neighboring countries—Pakistan, Iran, and India—that have navigated similar obstacles, this study identifies strategic interventions to fortify Afghanistan’s PSCM. This research follows a qualitative method and a deductive approach. Key recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceuticals, leveraging digital technologies for improved inventory and distribution management, and enhancing cold chain infrastructure for temperature-sensitive products. The role of centralized procurement systems and public-private partnerships (PPPs) is underscored as vital for increasing efficiency and reducing costs. Furthermore, fostering local pharmaceutical manufacturing is proposed as a crucial step toward self-sufficiency and resilience. By adapting successful strategies from its neighbors to its distinct context, Afghanistan can develop a more robust, transparent, and sustainable pharmaceutical supply chain, ultimately improving public health outcomes and ensuring consistent access to life-saving medications.
Leadership Management to Enhance Supervisor Performance in Educational Institutions Arsad, Muhammad; Maisah, Maisah; Fadlilah, Fadlilah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1916

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the leadership and management practices of the Heads of the Ministry of Religious Affairs Offices in improving the performance of supervisors at State Islamic Senior High Schools in Jambi Province. Utilizing a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, the research was conducted across several local Ministry offices. The findings reveal four key aspects. First, performance improvement planning is typically conducted through coordination meetings at the beginning of the academic year. Second, supervisor performance enhancement is carried out through official briefings, routine school visits, and both formal and informal coaching, though its implementation remains inconsistent due to limited time, the advanced age of many supervisors, and the broad scope of their responsibilities. Third, performance monitoring tends to emphasize administrative compliance rather than substantive areas such as managerial guidance or support for the Merdeka Curriculum. Fourth, key obstacles include a shortage of qualified supervisors, insufficient training provided by the Ministry, and weak structural alignment between Ministry leadership and supervisor working groups, which often operate independently. The study recommends the strengthening of technical regulations, recruitment of subject-specific supervisors, implementation of continuous curriculum-based training, and the empowerment of Ministry heads as strategic leaders in supervisory management. Strengthening these aspects is expected to significantly enhance the quality of madrasah education in the region.
Effect of Principal Leadership, Teaching Quality, and Student Motivation on Academic Performance in Senior High Schools Pattasang, Pattasang; Yamin, Martinis; Maisah, Maisah
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1919

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of school principal leadership, teaching quality, and student motivation on academic achievement at private senior high schools in the Riau Islands Province. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. The sample consisted of eight randomly selected private senior high schools. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling to examine both direct and indirect effects among variables. The results showed that school principal leadership had a positive and significant effect of 12.2% on students' academic achievement. Teaching quality had a positive influence of 20.1%, and student motivation contributed 9.6% to academic achievement. Simultaneously, principal leadership and teaching quality contributed 26.3% to students' academic achievement. Furthermore, principal leadership and teaching quality significantly influenced student motivation, contributing 22.4% and 28.1% respectively, and jointly 30.6%. Student motivation acted as a mediating variable that strengthened the influence of principal leadership (15.3%) and teaching quality (17.4%) on academic achievement. Based on these findings, it is recommended that principals improve their leadership, teachers enhance their teaching quality, and students increase their learning motivation to support the improvement of academic achievement in private senior high schools in the Riau Islands Province.
Maternal Mortality and Preventive Measures among Childbearing Mothers in Abia State University Teaching Hospital Ama, Abigail Eseni; John, Faith Asuquo; Mboho, Nsisong Ekom; Udoaka, Etiene-Obong Johnson; Asuquo, Akanimo Okon
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1921

Abstract

The study examined maternal mortality causes and preventive measures among childbearing mothers in Abia state university teaching hospital, Nigeria. Maternal mortality poses a threat to a population as it claims the lives of childbearing women who are wives, mothers, and caregivers amongst so many roles. Unfortunately, they die from preventable causes classified as direct obstetric and indirect obstetric causes. This trend is measured in various populations using the maternal mortality rate (MMR). The paper reviewed causes, risk factors and preventive measures of maternal mortality to modify the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of childbearing women. The search strategy included a variety of key words on PubMed, Sciencedirect and other databases. In testing hypothesis, the results revealed a positive significant relationship of the stated preventive measures to maternal mortality causes. The study therefore recommends among others the need for health education to convince women of the relevance of seeking maternal care at the right time and in government approved health facilities.
Influence of Halal Label, Expiration Date, and Product Composition on Consumer Purchase Decisions Mediated by Purchase Intention at MSME Gallery Amhar, Rovan; Achmad, Gusti Noorlitaria; Kuleh, Yohanes
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science Том 3 № 03 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/ijmars.v3i03.1925

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of halal labels, expiration dates, and product composition on consumer purchase decisions with purchase intention as a mediating variable at the Etham Nusantara MSME Gallery in Samarinda. The research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method with questionnaires, analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS. The results indicate that halal labels, expiration dates, and product composition have a positive and significant effect on both purchase intention and purchase decisions, while purchase intention is proven to mediate the influence of these three variables on consumer purchase decisions. These findings highlight the importance of product information transparency in enhancing consumer trust, purchase intention, and purchase decisions, as well as providing strategic implications for MSME actors and gallery managers in strengthening the competitiveness of local products in an increasingly competitive market.

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