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International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science
Published by Stem Cell and Cancer Research Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28296621     DOI : https://doi.org/10.59278/
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science, formerly CBS Int. Journal is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published by Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Indonesia. The journal publishes papers describing original findings and reviews articles in all aspects of cell, molecular biology, and biomedical research. Received manuscripts are accepted for publication only after rigorously being reviewed by independent experts in the respective fields determining the originality, validity, and conclusions.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 4 No 10 (2025)" : 5 Documents clear
Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio as the Golden Marker of Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Pathways Putri, Ghea Farmaning Thias; Nurfatihah Z, Zahara
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 10 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i10.65

Abstract

Apoptosis is an essential biological mechanism responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis by removing unnecessary or damaged cells. Among the key molecular regulators, the interplay between the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 determines cellular fate. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio has been recognized as the “golden marker” of apoptosis, representing the fine equilibrium between survival and death signaling pathways within cells. This review aims to provide an updated overview of recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks that control the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and its significance as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. Relevant studies were systematically identified from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2020 to 2025. Current evidence suggests that the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio is influenced by transcriptional regulation involving p53, NF-κB, and Akt/PI3K pathways, as well as by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination that govern mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Clinically, alterations in this ratio correlate with disease progression, therapeutic response, and prognosis in cancer, neurodegenerative, and renal disorders. Targeting this ratio through modulation of upstream regulators or BH3 mimetics offers promising therapeutic potential. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio provides crucial perspectives for advancing diagnostic innovation and developing targeted therapies for apoptosis-related diseases.
Human-Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MCSs) Therapy with Extravesicles (EVs) Booster Improves Recovery in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cardiovascular Disease Nugraha, Dendi Krisna; Jutadi; Anggoro, Naufal Sebastian; Sari, Fikriya Novita; Ardani, Yanuar
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 10 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i10.66

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, leading to persistent hyperglycemia and complications. Studies have explored mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel approaches for metabolic regulation and tissue repair. Case: A 43-year-old male patient exhibited symptoms including excessive thirst and hunger, frequent urination, fatigue, and intermittent blurry vision. He had type 2 diabetes and recently worsened symptoms. The obese patient had elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, and uric acid. He received umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (161,6 × 106 cells), followed by seven intramuscular EV injections (1.5 cc each), along with diet and antioxidant supplements. Results: Three months after the conclusion of treatment, laboratory test showed significant improvement, with fasting glucose levels measuring at 91 mg/dL, HbA1c levels at 5,1%, triglyceride levels at 151 mg/dL, uric acid levels at 4,9 mg/dL, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 12 mm/hr. The clinical symptoms such as nocturia, fatigue, and neuropathic pain, demonstrated a substantial improvement, as well as led to the resolution of skin xerosis and heel fissures. Conclusion: This case suggests that combined UC-MSC and EV therapy, complemented by lifestyle modification, may contribute to metabolic stabilization and symptomatic relief in T2DM patients.
Effects of Extracellular pH Modulation on HIF-1α, c-Myc, and FOXO1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells Ibrahim, Sugeng; Putri Rifai, Fauziah Novita; Arda, Adzani Gaisani
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 10 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i10.67

Abstract

Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by an inverted pH gradient, with acidic extracellular and alkaline intracellular conditions that promote tumor progression and metabolic reprogramming. This altered pH landscape regulates key transcriptional drivers of glycolysis and proliferation, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), c-Myc, and the tumor suppressor Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FOXO1). Understanding how extracellular pH influences these regulators may provide new insights for pH-targeted cancer therapy. Methods: Human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells were cultured for 24 hours under six extracellular pH conditions (5.5–9.2). The expression of HIF-1α, c-Myc, and FOXO1 was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and relative fold changes were analyzed by the 2^-ΔΔCt method. Results: Acidic conditions (pH 5.5–6.7) markedly upregulated HIF-1α and c-Myc while strongly suppressing FOXO1 expression. Conversely, mild alkalinity (pH 8.4) reversed this pattern, reducing HIF-1α and c-Myc while restoring FOXO1 expression, suggesting a transcriptional shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. At higher alkalinity (pH 9.2), the expression of all three genes declined, indicating a threshold beyond which excessive pH elevation becomes detrimental to cellular regulation. Conclusion: Extracellular pH critically modulates metabolic gene expression in CRC cells. Acidic conditions activate glycolytic and oncogenic pathways via HIF-1α and c-Myc, while mild alkalinity suppresses these signals and reinstates tumor-suppressive FOXO1 activity. Controlled alkalinization of the TME may therefore represent a promising adjunctive approach to disrupt tumor metabolism and limit cancer progression.
Anticancer effectiveness of Artemisia annua ethanol extract against MDAMB-231 cancer cells Agustina, Rita; Ari, Psn Masruri Sulistiyanto; Sadikin, Nadya Audina N
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 10 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i10.68

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) posing a significant therapeutic challenge due to its lack of hormonal receptors and resistance to conventional treatment. Artemisia annua L., a medicinal plant traditionally used in Chinese medicine, has received attention for its diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and sesquiterpene lactones, which exhibit potential anticancer properties. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of A. annua ethanol extract against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay. Methods: Extracts were prepared in 10% DMSO and tested at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 µg/mL. MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded in 96-well plates and incubated for 24 h before treatment. Post-treatment, cell viability was assessed via MTT assay, and absorbance was measured at 595 nm. The percentage of cytotoxicity was calculated, and the IC₅₀ value was determined through linear regression analysis. Results: The results showed a clear cytotoxic response depending on the dose, with the extract achieving an IC₅₀ value of 56.83 µg·mL-¹ indicating a fairly strong correlation between concentration and cytotoxicity. These findings indicate that A. annua contains bioactive compounds that are able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion: In conclusion, Artemisia annua ethanol extract showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cells, supporting its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent for TNBC. Further studies are needed to elucidate its molecular mechanisms and evaluate its efficacy in vivo.
Therapeutic Role of MSC-Secretome in Type 2 Diabetic Models: Correlation between Improved HOMA-IR and Attenuated Pancreatic-Hepatic Structural Alterations Wulandari, Putri Karenina Amalia; Sari, Fikriya Novita; Ardianto, Okky; Widyatmoko, Agus
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 10 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i10.69

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and chronic hyperglycemia leading to multiorgan complications. Conventional therapies primarily target glycemic control but often fail to prevent progressive pancreatic and hepatic injury. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome in improving insulin resistance and restoring tissue integrity in T2DM rat models. Methods: Male Wistar rats were induced with T2DM using a high-fat diet followed by streptozotocin–nicotinamide administration and subsequently treated intraperitoneally with MSC-secretome for four weeks. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index were assessed, followed by histopathological evaluation of hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Results: The results showed that T2DM was significantly associated with elevated insulin levels and HOMA-IR values compared to the normal group, confirming insulin resistance. Treatment with MSC-secretome markedly reduced both parameters (p < 0.001), suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. Histological analyses revealed substantial hepatic and pancreatic degeneration in untreated diabetic rats, characterized by hepatocellular vacuolization, steatosis, and islet necrosis. Conclusion: Conversely, MSC-secretome treatment demonstrated remarkable restoration of lobular architecture, reduced lipid accumulation, and regeneration of pancreatic islets. These reparative effects are attributed to the secretome’s bioactive components that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular regeneration. In conclusion, hypoxic MSC-secretome administration effectively ameliorates insulin resistance and attenuates hepatic and pancreatic damage in T2DM rats, underscoring its potential as a novel non-cell-based therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders.

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