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Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 30255287     EISSN : 30254507     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/AJSTEA
Core Subject : Science, Art, Social, Engineering,
Arts Computer Science & IT Engineering Social Sciences
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art [3025-5287 (Print) and 3025-4507 (Online)] is a double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access journal to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art. Its scope is international in that it welcomes articles from academics, researchers, graduate students, and policymakers. The articles published may take the form of original research, theoretical analyses, and critical reviews. AJSTEA publishes 6 editions a year in February, April, June, August, October and December. This journal has been indexed by Harvard University, Boston University, Dimensions, Scilit, Crossref, Web of Science Garuda, Google Scholar, and Base. AJSTEA Journal has authors from 5 countries (Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Nepal, and India).
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 226 Documents
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Rational Contraction in Metric Space and Common Fixed Point Theorems Tiwari, Surendra Kumar; Ganvir, Jayant Prakash
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2545

Abstract

The study of contraction mappings in fixed-point theory is a fascinating and crucial field of mathematics. The concept of contraction plays a vital role in proving the existence and uniqueness of fixed points. Banach's contraction theory offers a fixed point theorem that is widely accepted as unique in most analyses. By using rational expressions in metric spaces, we can achieve unique results in general contraction mapping. These results are based on several innovative ideas stemming from the latest research. The delivered results upgrade and federate many existing outcomes on the topic in the literature Bhardwaj, R. et al. (2007) Chouhan et al. (2014) and Garg and Priyanka (2016). Also gives some suitable examples for verifying our results.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Bread Baked and Sold in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State Nigeria Joseph, Ikwebe; David, Bando Christopher
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2661

Abstract

Heavy metals are pollutants that are of global significance due to their toxicological properties when their intake significantly exceeds recommended levels. They are persistent in the environment, and may be unintentionally present in raw materials used for production of bread; they may migrate from packaging into food, or find their way into finished food products due to anthropogenic activities. The present study investigated the presence of heavy metals in bread baked and sold in Makurdi, Metropolis, to ascertain their safety for consumption. Twenty different bread brands were sampled twice from bakeries and distribution outlets within Makurdi, metropolis respectively. The heavy metal analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The varied concentrations of heavy metals in mg/kg of Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Bread Loaves from Bakeries (BFB) and in Bread Loaves from Distribution Outlets (BFD) were determined. Cd was not detected in BFB and flour, but it was present in one sample in BFD. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was employed to separate the means. Though, most of the studied heavy metals were within permissible limits, caution should be taken when consuming bread, because of their ability to persist and bio-accumulate in bio-systems.
Detection of Immunoglobulin G to Poliovirus in Children 5-10 Years Old in Minna, Nigeria Enejiyon, Sherifat Ozavize; Wuna, Muhammad Muhammad; Babayi, Hafsat; Adabara, Nasiru Usman
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2720

Abstract

In the Minna, data on the seroprevalence rate of antibodies to poliovirus serotypes which can be used to determine children’s immune status and the vaccine efficacy against poliomyelitis is sparse. This study aim was to detect immunoglobulin G to poliovirus in children aged 5-10 years old in Minna, Nigeria. About 2 mL of blood was collected by venipuncture from 91 children selected randomly from various health care facilities across Minna. Blood samples were centrifuged to obtain the sera. The detection of poliovirus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was done using polyclonal Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection test kits. In this study, all the children had detectable level of antibodies, 85 (93.4%) children consisting of 49 (53.8%) males and 36 (39.6%) females showed protective level of antibodies (seropositive). Seropositivity rate of 96.8% (30/31), 94.0% (31/33) and 88.9% (24/27) was recorded among children aged 9-10, 7-8 and 5-6 years old respectively. About 74.7% (68/91) of the participants were weak responder (concentration of antibodies <50 U/mL) to the vaccines received with low seroconversion rates while 6.6% (6/91) of the children had sub-protective level of antibodies (seronegative). Age, sex, parents’ occupation, mothers’ educational status and drinking water source had no significant association (p>0.05) with seroprevalence rates while fathers’ educational status showed significant statistical association with seroprevalence rate (p<0.05). High seropositivity was recorded in this study, nation-wide seroprevalence is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the progress made so far in sustaining polio-free status.
Proximate and Phytochemical Constituents of Ethanolic Extract of Seeds of Cola Acuminata and Cola Nitida Osaro, Igwe Esther; Chinedu, Imo; Ojochenemi E, Yakubu
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2738

Abstract

This study evaluated the proximate and phytochemical constituents of ethanolic seeds extracts of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata. The seeds of C. acuminata and C. nitida were purchased and air-dried at room temperature. The dried seeds were pulverized to ground sample. The sample was weighed and used for the proximate and phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites: alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, Cardiac glycoside, terpenes (tri), steroids and saponins, but the absence of anthraquinones. The seed of C. nitida was higher in alkaloids, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and C-glycosides than the seed of C. acuminata, while the seed of C. acuminata was higher in flavonoids and carbohydrates than the seed of C. nitida. There was no statistical significant difference (p>0.05) between the levels of alkaloids, saponins, phenols and tannins in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata. The difference between the levels of flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes and C-glycosides in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata was statistically significant (p<0.05). The seed of C. nitida was higher in moisture, ash, lipid and crude protein than the seed of C. acuminata, while the seed of C. acuminata was higher in crude fibre and carbohydrate than the seed of C. nitida. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the levels of moisture, ash, lipid, crude fibre and crude protein in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata. The difference between the level of carbohydrate in seed of C. nitida and seed of C. acuminata was statistically significant (p<0.05). The result shows that seeds of C. acuminata and C. nitida possess an appreciable level of phytochemicals. It could be a good raw material for the production of some medicinal drugs and can be used in folk medicine for the treatment of some diseases.
Analisis Perubahan Kerapatan Vegetasi DAS Air Dingin Akibat Migrasi Penduduk Pasca Gempa Padang 30 September 2009 Putri, Verenika Syah; Prarikeslan, Widya
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2739

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine changes in vegetation density due to population migration in the Air Cool watershed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. This research is descriptive research using a quantitative approach. Determining the level of vegetation density in the Air Winter watershed is carried out using the vegetation index score classification by Marwoto & Ginting (2009) which consists of Non-Vegetation, Low Vegetation, Medium Vegetation and High Vegetation density classes. The location of this research is in the Air Cold Watershed, Lubuk Minturun Village, Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Based on the results of the research conducted, several things can be concluded as follows. The results of the analysis of vegetation density levels obtained from image data for 2016 and 2022 consist of Non Vegetation density classes covering 102.86 ha and 12.46 ha, Low Vegetation 730.71 ha and 1279.74 ha, Medium Vegetation 399.76 ha and 5301.17 ha and High Vegetation 11559.82 ha and 6199.63 ha. This change in Vegetation Density was then also followed by an increase in population by 2493 people in Lubuk Minturun Village and 3856 people from Balai Gadang Village, as well as a reduction in the number of people living in areas close to the coastline. This significant population movement of course triggers land clearing for settlements and other land clearing activities so that the Vegetation Density changes along with population growth in an area.
Tomato: An Overview of Application of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), Neem (Azadiratcha indica) on Shelf-Life Extension During Post-Harvest Storing of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Abdulrahman, Hamza; Tukur, Ummu; Umar, Dikko Haliru
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2741

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has to be preserved to prevent losses and ameliorate food security. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts are useful to extend shelf life of tomato. This paper performed a review of tomato and use of neem and turmeric for its storage/ preservation. This paper mostly, will discuss the tomatoes under the following headings: history, biological nature, taxonomy, postharvest importance, utilization of neem and turmeric for its storage, economic benefits, and disadvantages of using artificial preservatives.
Effectiveness of Diethanolamine (DEA) Addition on Band Gap Value of SnO2 by Using Sol-Gel Methods Patriela, Miftah; Sanjaya, Hary
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2743

Abstract

The need for electrical energy is increasing with the increase in the economy and population in Indonesia. Fossil energy sources are used as fuel to produce electrical energy and will run out if used continuously. Fossil energy sources can be replaced by using New Renewable Energy (NRE) to meet national electrical energy needs. The purpose of adding additives in this study is to observe the effectiveness of the addition of DEA on the band gap value, crystal phase, and surface morphology on SnO2. In this study using the sol-gel method for the synthesis of SnO2. The sol-gel method is the conversion of monomers into colloidal solutions (sol) which serve as precursors for integrated networks (gels) either discrete particles or network polymers. SnO2 nanomaterials will be characterized by UV-DRS Spectrophotometer. The results of characterization of SnO2 nanomaterials with the addition of Diethanolamine additives as much as 1.5 mL have obtained a band gap value of 3.60 eV.
Retracted: Biochemical Evaluation of Adansonia Digitata Methanolic Leaf and Stem Bark Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi; Stephe, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Tsuvini, Jonah; Atah, David; Sunday, Gabriel; Samuel, Ishaya; David, Gideon
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2774

Abstract

Several herbal preparations are used to treat diabetes; however, their overall biochemical effects other than hypoglycemic effects are scanty. This study therefore was designed to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of leaves and stem-bark of Adansonia digitata on biochemical indices of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty-three wistar rats were distributed into 9 groups of 7 each. The test animals were intraperitoneally administered with single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin and monitored for 72 hours for development of hyperglycemia. Diabetic rats were treated in 12 h cycles for three weeks with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of both leaves and stem-bark of Adansonia digitata methanolic extract and metformin (50 mg/kg). Non-diabetic control rats received a lacebo of distilled water. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 served as diabetic control, while groups 4-9 were diabetic rats treated orally with methanolic leave and stem-bark extracts of Adansonia digitata (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) for 21days. Group 3 animals were diabetic rats treated with anti-diabetic drug (metformin 50 mg/kg). The levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), Urea and creatinine Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol (CHOL), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), White Blood Cell (WBC) count, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrit (HCT), Platelet (PLT), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Lymphocyte (LYM), aspartatate aminotransfrease (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities total, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin(DB) and indirect bilirubin (IB) concentrations were assayed. The results indicated that the concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-, creatinine, urea TBARS, ALT, AST, ALB, CHOL and IB bilirubin were significantly (p<0.05) increased, while the levels of WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, LYM, MCV SOD and CAT were reduced in the diabetic control (p<0.05). The Adansonia digitata methanolic leaves and stem-bark extract significantly increased WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, MCV, LYM, TP, CAT and SOD activity and reduced the FBS, Na+, K+, Cl-, TBARS, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea and bilirubin concentrations significantly (p<0.05) compared to normal control. However, treatment with metformin showed slight modification in the changes observed compared to Adansonia digitata methanolic leaves and stem-bark extract. MCV and MCHC reduced non-significantly (p>0.05) in the diabetic animals as compared to the normal control and the extract-treated rats, while they increased non- significantly (p>0.05) in the test groups when compared to the diabetic control. Levels of TB, DB, and TG showed non-significant (p<0.05) increase in diabetic control, but treatment with extracts and metformin caused non-significant decrease (p<0.05). Diabetic control exhibited significantly (p<0.05) decreased ALB levels and non-significant TP decrease compared to normal control, while Adansonia digitata extracts and metformin significantly increased ALB and non-significantly increased TP levels compared to diabetic control. The study concluded that Adansonia digitata extracts reversed diabetes-induced oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes, potentially through beta cell regeneration or insulin release stimulation, suggesting their potential for managing diabetic complications.
Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Mitracarpus Hirtus on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Sunday, Gabriel; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukuma; Chinedu, Imo; Tsuvini, Jonah; Attah, Atah David
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2775

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that remains a major health concern worldwide. It is associated with derangement of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. This study evaluates the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fifty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 11 groups, with diabetes induced by alloxan. Treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts, along with Glibenclamide, lasted three weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Findings revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in fasting blood sugar (FBS) in group 10 (99.8 ± 15.74 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (274.2 ± 7.95 mg/dL) in week 1. Week 2 also revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group 11 (84.6 ± 14.98 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (262.8 ± 15.94 mg/dL). Week 3, further revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in group 9 (79.4 ± 25.13 mg/dL) and group 11 (83.6 ± 8.35 mg/dL) when compared with group 2 (289.6 ± 20.89 mg/dL). Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) when group 11 (54.38 ± 15.74 U/L) was compared with group 2 (146.66 ± 11.35 U/L). Similarly, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) significantly decreased (p<0.05) when group 11 (53.46 ± 4.6 U/L) was compared with group 2 (101.42 ± 16.01 U/L), while total protein and albumin increased in all treated groups. Group 5 (0.64 ± 0.11 mg/dL) in Total bilirubin (TB) had the lowest mean when compared with group 2 (2.69 ± 0.52 mg/dL). All treatment groups significantly decreased (p<0.05) Triglyceride (TG) and Cholesterol (CHOL). From this study, it has been shown that the aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of Mitracarpus hirtus may have the potential to ameliorate the complications due to diabetes in a dose dependent manner.
Retracted: Hepatoprotective Effects of Fractions of Adansonia Digitata Leaves on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4)- Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi; John, Umaru Isaac; Agyo, David Ata; Shenia, Zephaniah Hannaniah; Sunday, Gabriel; Tsuvini, Jonah; Gideon, David; Tsojon, Tsojon Zechariah; David, Bando Christopher
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2776

Abstract

Phytochemicals, naturally occurring compounds in plants, offer health benefits to humans. This study aimed to determine the effects of fractions of ethanol extract of Adansonia digitata leaves on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in wistar rats. The extraction was done using absolute ethanol, followed by fractionation with different solvent combination via column chromatography. Elution of extract was done with solvent system by gradually increasing polarity beginning from n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and finally water. In total, 22 fractions were collected in 200 mL beaker each. The fractions were subjected to total antioxidant analysis using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolics and total flavonoids content were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu. GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis were also carried out. Thirty-six male albino rats were distributed into six groups of six (n = 6). The negative control group received CCl4 only. The standard control group was administered 2 CCl4/kg body weight + 25mg/kg body weight silymarin followed by different doses of ethyl acetate:ethanol fraction-20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg for 21 days. Induction and treatment were carried out in the beginning of a new week. The animals were fasted for 24 hours, sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The administered fraction led to the statistically insignificant (p> 0.05) and statistically significant (p< 0.05) reduction in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) respectively, the reduction in the levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were statistically not significant (p> 0.05) in the treated rats as compared to the untreated rats. The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of antioxidant and phenolics. From the total antioxidant capacity, fraction 6b (ethyl acetate: ethanol) was selected for GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis. The GC-MS analysis of fraction 6b revealed the presence of 14 compounds from which Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate had the highest percentage constituent (48.30%) while while 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol had the lowest relative abundance of 0.14 %. Dichloroacetic acid, tridecyl este, d-Glycero-d-ido-heptose, Phthalic acid, ethyl pentyl ester, Trifluoroacetoxy hexadecane, 2-Hexene, 6-nitro-, 2-Tetradecanol, 3,5-Dimethyl-2-octanol, Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 7,11-Hexadecadienal, 9-Octadecenamide, Squalene and E, E-1,9,17-Docasatriene were the other compounds found in the fraction. FTIR spectral analysis of the fraction showed peaks of various functional groups. The HPLC results showed the presence of quercetin in the fraction.

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