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Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : 30255287     EISSN : 30254507     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/AJSTEA
Core Subject : Science, Art, Social, Engineering,
Arts Computer Science & IT Engineering Social Sciences
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art [3025-5287 (Print) and 3025-4507 (Online)] is a double-blind peer-reviewed, and open-access journal to disseminating all information contributing to the understanding and development of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art. Its scope is international in that it welcomes articles from academics, researchers, graduate students, and policymakers. The articles published may take the form of original research, theoretical analyses, and critical reviews. AJSTEA publishes 6 editions a year in February, April, June, August, October and December. This journal has been indexed by Harvard University, Boston University, Dimensions, Scilit, Crossref, Web of Science Garuda, Google Scholar, and Base. AJSTEA Journal has authors from 5 countries (Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Nepal, and India).
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 226 Documents
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Coccidiosis in Broilers of Selected Commercial Farms in Taraba State, Nigeria Tadawus, Rejoice Habila; Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; David, Bando Christopher; Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba; Jesse, Polly Shingu; Haruna, Peace Gambo; Agbu, Tsoken Danji; Aigbogun, Blessing Smart
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3184

Abstract

Poultry coccidiosis has been reported as a major constraint to successful commercial and backyard poultry farming due to its significant high mortality rates and huge economic losses globally. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of coccidiosis in broilers in commercial farms of Jalingo and Wukari Local Government Areas of Taraba State. A total of 500 faecal samples from droppings of broilers were randomly collected from the poultry farms in Jalingo and Wukari LGAs of Taraba State. The faecal samples were collected from the rectum of the chicken, using a disposable hand gloves and the ova in each faecal sample of broilers were detected by using floatation technique. A total of 80 birds, from both Local Governments were sacrificed for histopathological assay. Intestinal scrapes were also collected from various parts of the intestines (duodenum, jejunum, gizzard, ilium and the caeca) of freshly slaughtered chickens into clean petri dishes, and the samples were examined microscopically for the presence of oocysts. Data obtained were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 23. Out 500 faecal samples collected 81/500 (16.2%) were positive for coccidian ova across Jalingo and Wukari LGAs of Taraba State with a statistical significant difference of (χ2=5.477; P<0.05). Most of the infected broilers were in the age group 1-3 weeks and 4-6 weeks with a statistically non-significant difference of (χ2=3.305; P>0.05). Infection with Coccidian ova was found to be higher, 19.7% (50/250) in Wukari than in Jalingo. They had 12.1% (31/250). The prevalence of coccidiosis in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of the slaughtered broilers showed that the Caecum had the highest prevalence of 62.5% (25/40) of oocyst while Ilium had the least 37.5% (15/40). The knowledge of the coccidiosis among farmers in Jalingo and Wukari LGAs showed that all of the (12/12) respondents or 100% have heard of the disease. Majority of the respondent 81.8% (9/12) knows about coccidiosis from the veterinary while a few respondent 19.2% (3/12) get to know about coccidiosis from their friends. The Seasonal occurrence of coccidiosis showed majority of the respondent 7/12 (58.3%) attributed the occurrence of coccidiosis to rainy season within the year while 41.7% (5/12) attributed it to anytime of the season. The knowledge of the occurrence of coccidiosis despite preventive measures among farmers showed that majority of the respondent 91.7% (11/12) had Coccidiosis on their farms before while few, 16.7% (2/12) have not had reoccurrence of the disease. The percentage response of respondents based on the poultry population per pen showed that Majority of the farmers 50.0% (6/12) had between 1-200 poultry population per pen on their farm while 25.0% (3/12) had between 201-500 poultry population per pen. Despite the fact that some numbers of the faecal materials examined during the course of this work were negative for oocysts at the time of collection, it is possible that some of these Broilers may be harbouring coccidia in the schizogonic or gametogonic stages of development at the time that the samples were collected. It is therefore necessary to design appropriate control strategies of coccidiosis in order to improve management of poultry birds in farms to boost poultry production in the part of the country.
Phytochemical Profiling, and Antifungal Potentials of Stem-Bark Extracts of East African (Khaya Anthotheca) Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen; Umaru, Isaac John; Nanmar, Chakfa; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; David, Bando Christopher
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3185

Abstract

Fungal infection is an infectious disease that is commonly implicated as aetiologic agents that contribute to the increasing burden of morbidity and mortality in developing countries as a result misdiagnosis or improper diagnosis. This study determined the profiling and antifungal potentials of Stem-Bark Extracts of East African (Khaya Anthotheca). The methanol solvent was used for disc diffusion assay. The inhibitory concentration of the extract was performed by broth dilution method and zone of inhibition was studied by disc diffusion method at the concentration of 50, 100, 250, and 500 in DMSO. Nystatin was used as the reference control for antifungal study. The extract showed maximum inhibition potential sof zone of inhibition against most of the pathogen (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida tropicalis and Fusarium oxysporium) used at concentration 50ppm to 500ppm. The zone of inhibition for 500ppm is shown as (319.12± 0.11, 19.23 ± 0.12, 20.33±0.23* and 18.34±0.21*mm respectively). The extract showed minimum inhibition potential against Aspergillus flavus in all the concentration when compared with the control as well as to the other pathogens. Candida tropicalis and Fusarium oxysporium was found to be more sensitive to the methanol extract followed by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger lastly. The extract was found to be rich in phytochemical, with about 20 different chemical constitutes, with 12.14- Pentane, 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-, 14.66-3-Hexen-2-one and 27.23-2-Nonenal, 2-pentyl-as the highest. The Present study indicates the potential usefulness of methanol extract of extract of khaya anthotheca as antifungal agent. Thus, has therefore, contributed to the pool of knowledge already available in this area of research. Considering the effects that both phytochemicals and its potentials as antifungal, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess its cancer potentials.
Anemia Due to Low-Iron Affects Cognitive Capacity of Adolescent Girls Schooling in Secondary Schools in Sokoto, Nigeria Miya, Yusuf Yahaya; Butuwo, Thomas Murma; A., Abdullateef Abdullahi; Ukwak, Blessing Godwin
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3196

Abstract

Anemia is a problem occurring due to poor iron intake or hereditary sickle cells threating public health in many adolescents and adults. Anemia is able to affect cognitive ability of people especially adolescents (youngsters). This study evaluates the effect of iron-deficiency anemia and sickle cell anemia on cognition of some adolescents schooling girls from Sokoto, Nigeria. The study consisted of recruitment of 80 girls (40 normal, and 40 anemic) subjected to Montreal Cognitive Assessment. 10 girls diagnosed with sickle cell anemia and 25 normal girls were assessed with Montreal cognitive assessment. The mean marks of the respondents were noted; therewith, chi-square test revealed significant difference at (p<0.05). The anemic girls earned less mean marks (400.0 ± 13.0) compared to the normal girls (960.0 ± 25.0). The healthy participants in the study scored higher marks (945.0 ± 10.0) than the sickle cell anemia patients (90.0 ± 3). Therefore, anemia is of the potential to affect cognitive capacity of schooling girls in Sokoto. Nutritional and related interventions are important, because poor cognition may affect education and overall potential of girls to be keys in growth and development of societies.
Nutritional and Biochemical Analysis of Locally Produced Wine from a Blend of Banana (Musa sapientum) and Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Tatah, Silas Verwiyeh; Shadrach, Philip; Abah, Moses Adondua
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3210

Abstract

Background: Wine is a low-alcohol beverage made from fresh grapes or grape juice through partial or complete fermentation. Wine contains many nutrients necessary for the human body, such as sugar, vitamins, amino acids, mineral elements, polyphenols etc. Objective: This project aimed at analysing the nutritional and biochemical composition of locally produced wine from a blend of banana and dates palm fruit. The study includes determining the proximate, phytochemical, mineral, physicochemical, and amino acid profiles. Methods: The method involves heating a crucible dish to eliminate moisture, determining fat content, defatting the sample, determining ash, and determining crude protein. The phytochemical analysis includes tests for saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin. Mineral analysis was carried using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while physicochemical analysis includes alcohol, pH, and temperature measurements as well as determination of amino acid profile analysis of banana-date palm wine. Results: The proximate analysis revealed high moisture content (97.87%), suggesting a good source of fruit wine production. The wine contains low crude fibre (1.01%), low crude protein (0.14%), Ash content (0.49%) and low crude lipid (0.58%). The wine also contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Physicochemical analysis revealed an average pH of 4.62 to 4.71, with sugar concentration decreasing daily over four days and two mineral elements were reveal which are potassium and phosphorus. The amino acid profile analysis of banana-date palm wine reveals that it contains both essential and non-essential amino acids. The essential amino acids include isoleucine, methionine, histidine, and phenylalanine, non-essential amino acids include glutamic acid, asparagine, proline, and cysteine. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a blend of Banana (musa sapientum) and date palm fruit (Phoenix dactyliferal) wine has a unique pleasant aroma, and may have the potential to provide both essential and non-essential amino acids, provide other nutrients that are important for normal physiological function of the body.
Evaluation of Serum Biochemical Parameters in Male Wistar Rats Administered with Azadirachta Indica Silver Nanoparticles Arowora, Kayode Adebisi; Ugwuoke, Kenneth Chinekwu; Abah, Moses Adondua; Dauda, Abdulrashid; Ruyati, Samuel Sunny
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3211

Abstract

The excessive exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised concerns about their possible risks to the human health. This study investigated the effects of administering silver nanoparticles on serum biochemical parameters in male wistar rats. Synthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 and plant extract was achieved using standard methods. At the same time, the characteristic peak of the synthesized AgNPs was determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a resolution of 1 nM. The crystal structure of AgNPs was determined using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while kidney and liver function parameters were carried out using serum with the aid of biochemical kits. A total of sixteen male wistar rats were randomly allotted into four experimental groups of four rats per group. Group 1 served as the control and received potable water. Groups two, three and four were orally administered with varying concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg daily for two weeks respectively. Following cessation of treatments, rats were sacrificed under anaesthetization, and serum samples were collected for analysis. The result revealed that the absorption characteristic peak of the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of the silver nanoparticles synthesized was 450 nM. It was also observed that the urea, creatinine, and potassium ion (K+) had no significant difference (P>0.05). However, the values of total bilirubin (11.00±3.68 mg/dl) and Sodium ion (140.00±3.54) in group 4 decreased significantly (P<0.05) when compared to group 2, 3 and the control group. Also, it was observed that there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in the value of Chloride ion in all the administered group when compared to the control. Synthesized silver nanoparticles from A. indica also affected the level of liver parameters such as ALT, ALP, TP AST, and Albumin in a non-significant way. This study found no evidence of hazardous effects from silver nanoparticles, which could be attributed to the minimal dosage of AgNPs or the nanoparticles' source.
Physicochemical Characterisation and Nutritional Evaluation of Oils from Selected Underutilised Oilseeds Jivini, Za’aku Salvation; Adebisi, Arowora Kayode; Joseph, Ikwebe
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 4 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3304

Abstract

The study investigated the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of selected underutilized oilseeds: African oil bean seed, tea seed, African locust bean seed, castor seed, cotton seed and tomato seed. The six oilseed samples were collected from different sources in Nigeria. The seed samples were treated with drying, dehulling and grinding, before they were analysed for the physicochemical and nutritional parameters. The physicochemical parameters determined were: iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, acid value, saponification value, refractive index, specific gravity and pH. The nutritional parameters included: vitamins, minerals, amino acids profile, crude protein and fatty acid profile. The acidity or alkalinity of the oils analysed were measured, the protein contents were analysed using Kjeldahl method, while amino acids determination, fatty acid profile together with water and fat soluble vitamins were determined using Isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), minerals were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometers (AAS). Findings in this study revealed that oils with iodine value less than 100 gI2/100g of oil are considered non-drying oils. Therefore, all the oils in this study are considered to be non-drying oils because their iodine values were less than 100g. Therefore, non-drying oils are not suitable for ink and paint production due to their non-drying characteristics. All the oils analysed in this study were considered fresh because their perioxide values are less than 10 mEq/kg. Fatty acids profile had significance diferences in all the columns. The findings in this study revealed the physicochemical and the nutritional levels of oils from the samples analysed which showed that they all have appreciable nutrient levels which are good for human consumption. The level of protein and essential amino acids are generally higher in Tea seeds oil than other samples analysed. It was further revealed that tea seed oil had highest amount of essential amino acids for lysine, methionine, leucine, tryptophan, threonine and arginine. However African oil bean seed had the highest amount of vitamins A, B2, C, and K and also had the highest level of sodium and potassium.
Halal Standards and Regulations: Implications for Producers and Consumers in Literature Studies Jailani, Novalini
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 4 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3306

Abstract

This study aims to analyze in depth halal standards and regulations and their implications for producers and consumers. In addition, this study aims to identify and understand the challenges faced by producers in complying with halal standards, as well as their impact on consumer purchasing decisions. This research was carried out using the library research method, using a qualitative approach. The data sources used are secondary data sources, namely collecting and then understanding, and analyzing previous articles, news, and books with relevant topics, be it journal articles or online media, as well as books that discuss halal standards and regulations. The data collection techniques used in this study are literature and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique applied in this study is a descriptive method. In this study, the limitations of the review are first, the articles or journals used are those published in 2016-2024. The results of the study show that the implementation of halal standards has been proven to have a positive influence on the producers company's internal operations, although then, at the same time they as producers face complex challenges such as the heterogeneity of halal standards, questionable raw materials, unethical practices, communication gaps, acceptance variability, human resource management issues, supply chain bottlenecks, and improper Islamic marketing orientation. For consumers, halal standards play an important role in shaping purchasing decisions, especially in the Muslim community. Consumer awareness of halal regulations is not only about recognizing the halal logo or understanding the basic principles of halal. This involves a deeper understanding of the entire halal certification process, the authorities involved, and its implications for product quality and safety.
Determination of Phytochemicals and Some Elemental Compositions of Watermelon from Sokoto, Nigeria Ladan, Zubaida Abubakar
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 4 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3314

Abstract

Currently, many people are battling with infectious and chronic diseases in the country. More especially, the chronic diseases are associated with the level of ingredients in the food we take in, therefore, the easiest way to remedy our challenges is to monitor levels of chemicals in foods, especially the ones around us at affordable prices. Watermelon is a typical fruit that is conspicuous in the state, and can be a source of important natural chemicals for body health. The objective of this study was to perform a phytochemical and an elemental analysis of water melon grown in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The phytochemicals were determined with appropriate methods and chemicals of analytical grade, and elements are determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Regarding phytochemicals, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids were determined. Sodium levels in the seed, pulp, and peel reveals 0.40±0.02 (ppm), 3.0±0.01 (ppm), 2.00±0.01(ppm) respectively; potassium levels in the seed, pulp, and peel reveals, 5.000 ±0.04(ppm), 0.15±0.02 (ppm), 3.00±0.02 (ppm) respectively. Calcium determination shows values 20±1.0 (ppm), 20.0±1.00 (ppm), 20.30±0.3 (ppm) in seed, pulp, and peel respectively; and magnesium levels in seed, pulp, and peel are, 2.20±0.001 (ppm), 6.0±0.01 (ppm), and 0.40±0.03 (ppm) respectively. Iron levels of seed, pulp, and peel of watermelon reveals, 1.01±0.02 (ppm), 0.10±0.01(ppm), 15.00±0.2 (ppm) respectively; and Zinc 15±0.20 (ppm), 20.0±2.0 (ppm), and 10.00±1.05 (ppm) respectively. The watermelon contains significant amount of phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids useful in many purposes such as antimicrobial agents in neutralising the infectious diseases, a burden in the state. Also, the fruit contains useful elements in significant amount like, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc, that can be used in people that suffers specific nutritional problems.
Virtual Classroom Competences Required by Electrical Installation and Maintenance Works Trade Teachers in Technical Colleges in Yobe State, Nigeria Fwah, Karnilius Gideon; Idowu, Adebayo John; Dasofunjo, Abiodun
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 4 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3348

Abstract

This study investigated the virtual classroom proficiencies needed by Electrical Installation and Maintenance Works trade teachers in Technical Colleges in Yobe State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive survey research design, the population of the study was 69 individuals, comprising 53 teachers and 16 ICT experts from eight Technical Colleges in Yobe State, Nigeria. Due to the manageable size of the population, the entire population was included in the study, eliminating the need for sampling. Data collection utilized the "Technical Colleges Virtual Classroom Competency Questionnaire (TCVCCQ)," structured with responses on a 5-point scale. Validation of the instrument was performed by three experts from the Department of Electrical/Electronic Technology Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Potiskum, Yobe State, resulting in a reliability index of 0.82 determined through the Cronbach Alpha technique. Mean statistics were employed to analyze data for the research questions, while hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05 using a t-test. The findings revealed a lack of proficiency among teachers in utilizing participant panels and video play features within virtual classrooms. The study recommends that principals arrange in-house workshops for teachers to acquire requisite proficiency in using participant panel features, and further suggests consultation with video experts to enhance the quality of instructional videos for improved utilization of video play features within virtual classrooms.
Analysis of Substance Abuse Control Model in Nigeria Akpienbi, Isaac Oritsejubemi; Iroka, Jude
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 4 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3418

Abstract

In this research, mathematical modelling of treatment control of substance abuse in Nigeria was carried out. We present a deterministic model for the of control treatment of substance abuse in which impatient and outpatient were both important for the disease control. We calculated the basic reproduction number using next generation matrix method and The analytical results reveal that the substance abuse model is mathematically well-posed and defined within the positive region of the parameter space, Λ. The existence of equilibrium states is established, with both the substance abuse-free equilibrium (SAFE) and the substance abuse-endemic equilibrium (SAEE) found to be locally and asymptotically stable under certain conditions, and unstable otherwise. Furthermore, the global stability analysis of the SAEE indicates that it is asymptotically stable. The study also deduces that the control methods employed can effectively reduce the progression rate of substance abuse. Importantly, the analysis highlights that individual involvement and commitment will play a vital role in the successful control of the substance abuse menace in Nigeria. This study provides valuable insights into the mathematical modelling and analysis of substance abuse dynamics, which can inform the development of effective intervention strategies and policies to address this critical public health challenge in the Nigerian.

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